Abstract: An endoscopic treatment method includes: inserting an endoscope into a digestive tract; forming a damaged area in at least a portion of the digestive tract along a circumferential direction by performing cauterizing while keeping a mucosal layer by observing with the endoscope; and forming an incomplete stenosis in the digestive tract, while restoring the damaged area, wherein the damaged area is formed by causing damage to a mucosal base layer, the mucosal base layer having an interface that contacts a submucosal layer.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus includes a controller that controls a power transmitter that performs wireless power transmission. The controller is configured to: cause the processor to: cause the power transmitter to emit a first power transmission beam for which a first power is set; acquire feedback information on a result of reception of the first power transmission beam in a power reception apparatus; identify a power receiving capability in the power reception apparatus; and determine, with reference to the power receiving capability and the reception result, a second power which is usable in wireless power supply for the power reception apparatus and which is larger than the first power. The power receiving capability includes a maximum value of an input power range of the power reception apparatus. The wireless power transmission uses an electromagnetic wave having a frequency equal to or higher than that of a microwave.

Abstract: An ablation device comprises a sheath, a balloon attached to the sheath and being expandable and an electrode located on an outer surface of the sheath. The balloon is located longitudinally adjacent to the electrode.

Abstract: A method of cholecystitis treatment according to an aspect of the present disclosure comprises a step A including contacting inner walls of a gallbladder to each other by constricting the gallbladder and a step B including maintaining the inner walls of the gallbladder contacting each other.

Abstract: A medical system can include a light source configured to generate excitation light; and a processor including a memory, the processor: controlling energy supplied to an energy device, the light source generating the excitation light to generate fluorescence from the living body tissue heat treated by the energy device; generating a fluorescence image based on an image pickup signal obtained by imaging the living body tissue; and generating a control signal that restricts energy supply to the energy device and output the control signal to the energy control apparatus when a pixel value of at least one pixel in the fluorescence image exceeds a first threshold value.

Abstract: An endoscopic treatment method includes: inserting an endoscope into a digestive tract; forming a damaged area in at least a portion of the digestive tract along a circumferential direction by performing cauterizing while keeping a mucosal layer by observing with the endoscope; and forming an incomplete stenosis in the digestive tract, while restoring the damaged area, wherein the damaged area is formed by causing damage to a mucosal base layer, the mucosal base layer having an interface that contacts a submucosal layer.

Abstract: In an endoscopic treatment method, a damaged area is formed in at least a portion of a digestive tract along a circumferential direction. The damaged area is formed by performing thermal ablation of mucosal layer and not removing the mucosal layer. An incomplete stenosis is formed in the digestive tract during restoration of the damaged area.

Abstract: In an endoscopic treatment method, a damaged area is formed in a digestive tract at least a portion in a circumferential direction of the digestive tract, the damaged area being formed by ablating mucosal layer while remaining the mucosal layer, and an incomplete stenosis is formed in the digestive tract, during performance of a process of restoration of the damaged area.

Abstract: A server device connected to a first player terminal used by a first player and a second player terminal used by a second player to communicate with each other, including: a storage unit that stores player information in which each of items owned by players is associated with each of the players; a reception unit that receives, from the first player terminal, an exchange request to exchange a first item owned by the first player for a second item different from the first item, and receives, from the second player terminal after the exchange request, an acquisition request that the second player acquire the first item in an exchange source from the first player; a judging unit that judges whether or not the second player owns the second item based on the player information when the reception unit receives the acquisition request; and an item exchange processing unit.

Abstract: One object is to provide a system that determines a fairer exchange rate than conventional systems, the determined exchange rate being used in exchange of game contents in virtual space such as games.

Abstract: One object is to provide a server device that enables accurate expectation of cost required to acquire a desired game content. In accordance with one aspect, a server device according to an embodiment of the present invention provides a game to one or more players via a network. This server device includes a won game content selecting unit configured to select one or more game contents as first won game contents from the game contents contained in a first deck allocated to a first player of the one or more players, an owned game content information storage unit configured to store the one or more won game contents in association with the first player identification information, and an updating unit configured to update the first deck by clearing the one or more first won game contents from the first deck.

Abstract: One object is to provide a server device that enables accurate expectation of cost required to acquire a desired game content. In accordance with one aspect, a server device according to an embodiment of the present invention provides a game to one or more players via a network. This server device includes a won game content selecting unit configured to select one or more game contents as first won game contents from the game contents contained in a first deck allocated to a first player of the one or more players, an owned game content information storage unit configured to store the one or more won game contents in association with the first player identification information, and an updating unit configured to update the first deck by clearing the one or more first won game contents from the first deck.

Abstract: A server device connected to a first player terminal used by a first player and a second player terminal used by a second player to communicate with each other, including: a storage unit that stores player information in which each of items owned by players is associated with each of the players; a reception unit that receives, from the first player terminal, an exchange request to exchange a first item owned by the first player for a second item different from the first item, and receives, from the second player terminal after the exchange request, an acquisition request that the second player acquire the first item in an exchange source from the first player; a judging unit that judges whether or not the second player owns the second item based on the player information when the reception unit receives the acquisition request; and an item exchange processing unit.

Abstract: A server device connected to a first player terminal used by a first player and a second player terminal used by a second player to communicate with each other, including: a storage unit that stores player information in which each of items owned by players is associated with each of the players; a reception unit that receives, from the first player terminal, an exchange request to exchange a first item owned by the first player for a second item different from the first item, and receives, from the second player terminal after the exchange request, an acquisition request that the second player acquire the first item in an exchange source from the first player; a judging unit that judges whether or not the second player owns the second item based on the player information when the reception unit receives the acquisition request; and an item exchange processing unit.

Abstract: A server device connected to a first player terminal used by a first player and a second player terminal used by a second player to communicate with each other, including: a storage unit that stores player information in which each of items owned by players is associated with each of the players; a reception unit that receives, from the first player terminal, an exchange request to exchange a first item owned by the first player for a second item different from the first item, and receives, from the second player terminal after the exchange request, an acquisition request that the second player acquire the first item in an exchange source from the first player; a judging unit that judges whether or not the second player owns the second item based on the player information when the reception unit receives the acquisition request; and an item exchange processing unit.

Abstract: One object is to provide a server device that enables accurate expectation of cost required to acquire a desired game content. In accordance with one aspect, a server device according to an embodiment of the present invention provides a game to one or more players via a network. This server device includes a won game content selecting unit configured to select one or more game contents as first won game contents from the game contents contained in a first deck allocated to a first player of the one or more players, an owned game content information storage unit configured to store the one or more won game contents in association with the first player identification information, and an updating unit configured to update the first deck by clearing the one or more first won game contents from the first deck.

Abstract: One object is to provide a system that determines a fairer exchange rate than conventional systems, the determined exchange rate being used in exchange of game contents in virtual space such as games.

Abstract: One object is to provide a game system that can technically restrain real money trade. In accordance with one aspect, a game system according to an embodiment of the present invention is composed of: a trade rate information generating unit configured to generate trade rate information; a trade rate information presenting unit configured to present the trade rate information in the game being played by a third player; a trade condition updating request receiving unit configured to receive from the third player a first trade condition updating; a trade condition updating unit configured to update the first trade condition information so as to include the trade quantity and player identification information of the third player included in the first trade condition updating request.

Abstract: A fuel pressure detector and a pressure accumulator are disposed in a fuel distribution line, an engine control apparatus controlling activation of a fuel pump based on output from the fuel pressure detector. The fuel pump is activated at maximum capacity to fill the fuel distribution line with fuel at a controlled pressure controlled by a fuel pressure regulator, then stopped. In this state, fuel accumulated under pressure in the pressure accumulator replenishes the fuel distribution line until fuel pressure inside the fuel distribution line drops to a predetermined value due to fuel injection by fuel injection valves.

Abstract: A catalyst for internal combustion engine exhaust purification without frequently switching to a rich burn mode. The catalyst includes a catalyst A containing an NOx absorbing substance and an NOx reducing catalyst, a catalyst B containing a hydrogen adsorption substance and a hydrogen oxidizing catalyst, an electron conductive substance C, and an ion conductive substance D. Electrons move between the catalyst A and the catalyst B through the electron conductive substance C, ions move through the ion conductive substance D, and an electrochemical reducing reaction and an electrochemical oxidizing reaction respectively occur on the catalyst A and on the catalyst B. Therefore, it is possible to quickly reduce the adsorbed NOx using the adsorbed hydrogen without depending on the atmosphere.