Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semi-conductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical vapor deposition apparatus for a semiconductor film, containing a horizontal tubular reactor, a susceptor, a heater, a feed gas introduction portion and a reaction gas exhaust portion, where part of the tubular reactor walls inclines downward from the upstream side of the feed gas passageway towards the downstream side thereof. The present invention also provides a chemical vapor deposition method using the apparatus.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light conductor plate for a liquid crystal display apparatus forming a photo resist on a stamper original plate, arranging a photo mask having a flat surface shape pattern or an inverted pattern of a dot constituted by a small projecting portion or a small recess portion on a base plate and developing after irradiating an ultraviolet ray from an upper portion of a mask so as to form a pattern for forming the small projecting portion or the small recess portion on the stamper original plate, making the pattern in a mask and etching the stamper original plate so as to form a plastic forming metal stamper, and a plastic molding using the stamper.

Abstract: There are disclosed an apparatus and a method for chemical vapor deposition for a semiconductor film and the like, wherein a feed gas is supplied in a horizontal tubular reactor in the direction parallel to a substrate; a forcing gas is supplied therein in the direction perpendicular to the substrate; and the flow rate per unit area of the forcing gas which is supplied from a forcing gas introduction portion into the reactor is made lower in the central portion of the forcing gas introduction portion than in the peripheral portion thereof, or lower in the middle of a feed gas passageway than at both the end portions of the passageway.

Abstract: Electroluminescence elements mounted on a substrate of an OLED display device are sealed by a protective film made of synthetic resin with chemical reaction curing in place of a sealing can. The protective film is formed such that a thickness thereof is equal to or larger than a thickness of the substrate. Alternatively, the protective film is formed by laminating a plurality of resin films which differ in one of the water absorption ratio, the elastic modulus and the hardness. With respect to the protective film which is formed of a plurality of laminated films, compared to the protective film at the electroluminescence element side, the protective film which covers the former protective film has the water absorption ratio, the elastic modulus or the hardness larger than the water absorption ratio, the elastic modulus or the hardness of the former protective film.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an &agr;-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an &agr;-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of liquid crystal cells, and a back light that irradiates the liquid crystal display panel with irradiation light. The back light includes a light source, and a light guide plate having one side arranged adjacent the light source and having a planar surface with a plurality of small concaves. The planar surface is almost parallel to a liquid crystal cell face, and a plane shape of the small concaves is almost rectangular.

Abstract: There is disclosed a chemical vapor deposition apparatus of semi-conductor film comprising a horizontal type reaction tube equipped with a susceptor to carry a substrate, a heater to heat the substrate, an ingredient gas introduction zone arranged in a way that feeding direction to the reaction tube of the ingredient gas becomes substantially parallel to the substrate, and a reaction gas exhaust division, and further having a pressurized gas introduction zone on the wall of the reaction tube facing the substrate, wherein the structure of at least one part of the pressurized gas introduction zone at an upstream side of an ingredient gas passageway is such that the pressurized gas supplied from said part of the pressurized gas introduction zone is fed in an oblique down or a horizontal direction oriented to a downstream side of the ingredient gas passageway. Also, disclosed herein a chemical vapor deposition method using the apparatus.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a chemical vapor deposition apparatus for a semiconductor film, which comprises a horizontal tubular reactor, a susceptor, a heater, a feed gas introduction portion and a reaction gas exhaust portion, wherein the constitution of the apparatus is such that part of the tubular reactor walls inclines downward from the upstream side of the feed gas passageway towards the downstream side thereof so as to change the direction of the gas stream to an oblique downward direction or is such that the spacing between the susceptor and the tubular reactor wall in opposition thereto is made smaller than the vertical spacing in the tubular reactor wall from a gas feed port in the feed gas introduction portion to the upstream side end of the feed gas passageway for the susceptor. Also disclosed herein a chemical vapor deposition method using the apparatus.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semi-conductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an &agr;-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of liquid crystal cells, and a back light that irradiates the liquid crystal display panel with irradiation light. The back light includes a light source, and a light guide plate having one side arranged adjacent the light source and having a planar surface with a plurality of small concaves. The planar surface is almost parallel to a liquid crystal cell face, and a plane shape of the small concaves is almost rectangular.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display apparatus having a high brightness and a less number of constituent parts. By forming a plurality of dots each constituted by a small projecting portion or a small recess portion for changing a light at a predetermined angle from an incident surface of a light conductor plate toward a direction of a transmitting surface and properly controlling an angle of incline of a cross section, it is possible to irradiate an illuminating light having a suitable angle distribution from a light emitting surface toward a display element, thereby improving a brightness of the liquid crystal display apparatus.

Abstract: There are disclosed an apparatus and a method for chemical vapor deposition for a semiconductor film and the like, wherein a feed gas is supplied in a horizontal tubular reactor in the direction parallel to a substrate; a forcing gas is supplied therein in the direction perpendicular to the substrate; and the flow rate per unit area of the forcing gas which is supplied from a forcing gas introduction portion into the reactor is made lower in the central portion of the forcing gas introduction portion than in the peripheral portion thereof, or lower in the middle of a feed gas passageway than at both the end portions of the passageway.

Abstract: The present invention aims at the suppression of the generation of heat in an organic electroluminescent display. To achieve such an object, the organic electroluminescent display includes a transparent substrate, an organic light emitting layer which is formed on a back surface side of the transparent substrate, electric current supply means which makes the electric current flow through the organic light emitting layer, a housing which covers at least the organic light emitting layer and is sealed to the transparent substrate, and heat radiation material in a liquid form which is filled in a space formed between the housing and the transparent substrate.

Abstract: Improving low power consumption is provided. A multilayer structure of a first electrode and an organic light-emitting layer plus a second electrode is formed on a liquid crystal-side surface of one substrate of respective substrates that are disposed to oppose each other with a layer of liquid crystals interposed therebetween, featuring that the organic light-emitting layer emits light rays in a way responsive to receipt of a current which is caused to flow between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of liquid crystal cells and aback light that irradiates the liquid crystal display panel with irradiation light. The back light includes a light source and a light guide plate having one side arranged adjacent the light source and having a planar surface with a plurality of small concaves. The planar surface is substantially parallel to a liquid crystal cell face and a plane shape of the small concaves is substantially rectangular.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semi-conductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.