Abstract: An ink set with which it is possible to effectively prevent bleeding of aqueous ink even in the case when printing takes place at high speed by means of an inkjet discharge recording method. This ink set includes a pretreatment ink and an aqueous ink and is used for a recording method in which the respective inks are discharged on a base material as an inkjet. The respective inks included in said ink set have static surface tensions that satisfy the following relation: static surface tension SP of the pretreatment ink<static surface tension SC of the aqueous ink.

Abstract: A signal output circuit includes a signal conversion element, a signal output transistor, a first resistor element, a second resistor element, a diode, a malfunction-prevention transistor, and a capacitance-compensating capacitor. The signal output transistor establishes electrical conduction between two conductive terminals when an on signal is supplied to a conduction control terminal via the signal conversion element. The diode is connected in parallel to the second resistor element in a direction in which current flows between a signal output terminal of the signal conversion element and the conduction control terminal of the signal output transistor when an on signal is outputted to the signal output terminal. The malfunction-prevention transistor establishes electrical conduction between two conductive terminals when a current flows through the second resistor element in a direction opposite the direction of the diode.

Abstract: A signal output circuit includes a signal conversion element, a signal output transistor, a first resistor element, a second resistor element, a diode, a malfunction-prevention transistor, and a capacitance-compensating capacitor. The signal output transistor establishes electrical conduction between two conductive terminals when an on signal is supplied to a conduction control terminal via the signal conversion element. The diode is connected in parallel to the second resistor element in a direction in which current flows between a signal output terminal of the signal conversion element and the conduction control terminal of the signal output transistor when an on signal is outputted to the signal output terminal. The malfunction-prevention transistor establishes electrical conduction between two conductive terminals when a current flows through the second resistor element in a direction opposite the direction of the diode.

Abstract: A communication quality receiver of a transmitting-side wireless communication device receives information about antenna communication qualities of respective transmitting-side antennas from a receiving-side wireless communication device that has received data. A transmission power controller controls transmission powers of the respective transmitting-side antennas in accordance with the received antenna communication qualities. A communication quality calculator of the receiving-side wireless communication device calculates, based on a pilot signal included in the data received by receiving-side antennas, the antenna communication qualities of the respective transmitting-side antennas of the transmitting-side wireless communication device that has transmitted the data. A communication quality transmitter transmits information about the calculated antenna communication qualities of the respective transmitting-side antennas to the transmitting-side wireless communication device.

Abstract: When a wireless channel fails, a working signal and a protection signal are synchronized and switching is performed without instantaneous disconnection. Each working unit of a plurality of working units is provided with a wireless-channel failure detector for detecting a failure that has occurred in a working wireless channel; a synchronization detecting circuit for detecting synchronization between a working wireless channel and a protection wireless channel; a changeover switch for selecting a signal from either the protection wireless channel or a working wireless channel without instantaneous disconnection; and a unit failure detector for detecting a failure that requires switching of a unit. When a failure develops in a wireless channel and a working wireless channel and the protection wireless channel are synchronized, a radio protection switching device controls the changeover switch to switch between working and protection wireless channels without instantaneous disconnection.

Abstract: A communication monitoring and controlling apparatus for easily collecting monitoring information is connected to an existing network composed of a plurality of communication equipment. A management information collecting unit collects management information of each of the communication equipment. The management information is in an existing network management information format. A format converting unit converts the management information in the existing network management information format into management information in a new-type network management information format. The new-type network management information format is a format used by the new-type network, and handles the existing network composed of the communication equipments as one network element. The converted management information is transmitted to at least one operation system of the new-type network by a transmitting unit.