Abstract: The toner contains binder resin-containing toner particles and silica fine particle S1, wherein the weight-average particle diameter of the toner is 4.0-15.0 ?m, both inclusive, peaks originating with the silica fine particle S1 are observed in 29 Si-NMR measurement of the silica fine particle S1, and, in the spectrum obtained by 29Si CP/MAS NMR or 29Si DD/MAS NMR, the peak area of a peak corresponding to the D1 unit structure in the silica fine particle S1, the peak area of a peak corresponding to the D2 unit structure in the silica fine particle S1, and the peak area of a peak corresponding to the Q unit structure in the silica fine particle S1 satisfy a prescribed relationship.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ligand to GPR8, in particular polypeptides capable of binding to GPR8 or its amides or esters, or salts thereof, as well as the DNA encoding for such polypeptides. The ligand to GPR8 of the present invention is useful in developing receptor-binding assay systems with the use of a GPR8 expression system, for screening candidate compounds for drugs such as preventive/therapeutic agents for obesity, appetite stimulants, and prolactin production inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a ligand to GPR8, its DNA, etc., and more particularly, a polypeptide capable of binding to GPR8 or its amides or esters, or salts thereof, as well as its DNA, etc. The ligand to GPR8 of the present invention is useful in developing a receptor-binding assay system with the use of a GPR8 expression system, screening candidate compounds for drugs such as preventive/therapeutic agents for obesity, appetite stimulants, prolactin production inhibitors, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ligand to GPR8, in particular polypeptides capable of binding to GPR8 or its amides or esters, or salts thereof, as well as DNA, encoding for such polypeptides. The ligand to GPR8 of the present invention is useful in developing a receptor-binding assay system with the use of a GPR8 expression system, for screening candidate compounds for drugs such as preventive/therapeutic agents for obesity, appetite stimulants, and prolactin production inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a ligand to GPR8, its DNA, etc., and more particularly, a polypeptide capable of binding to GPR8 or its amides or esters, or salts thereof, as well as its DNA, etc. The ligand to GPR8 of the present invention is useful in developing a receptor-binding assay system with the use of a GPR8 expression system, screening candidate compounds for drugs such as preventive/therapeutic agents for obesity, appetite stimulants, prolactin production inhibitors, etc.

Abstract: A scanning-type image reading device is provided which includes an image sensor, a rotating-type scanning system, a focusing mechanism, and a controller. The controller may control the focusing mechanism for each rotational position of the rotating-type scanning system. In a particular case, the controller may control the focusing mechanism according to the rotational position of the rotating-type scanning system and according to an initial position of the focusing mechanism determined at a predetermined position of the rotating-type scanning system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reading lens consisting of one glass lens and first and second plastic lenses. A positive diffraction lens structure being is formed on one surface of the surfaces of the first and second plastic lenses. The positive diffraction lens structure functions at least to compensate a longitudinal chromatic aberration which is caused by refractive power of the glass lens and the first and second plastic lenses.

Abstract: An achromatic lens system comprising a front lens group, a diffraction lens and a rear lens group, in this order from the object side, wherein; the front lens group is provided with a frontmost convex surface on the object side and a rearmost concave surface on the image side; the rear lens group is provided with a rearmost convex surface on the image side; the front and rear lens groups are arranged to generate under-axial chromatic aberration for blue light and generate over-axial chromatic aberration for red light, with respect to green light that is considered the reference light; and, achromatic correction of light in the visible region is conducted by correcting the axial chromatic aberrations with a diffracting function of the diffraction lens.