Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided that reduces the occurrence of downtime in the case in which the interval between sheets needs to be expanded, and also suppresses the degradation of a photosensitive drum and a developing roller, when continuously forming images. The image forming apparatus of the present invention predicts the start timing of image formation onto the next printing material, and performs control of the positional relationship between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller without decreasing productivity, based on a result of the prediction. Further, the image forming apparatus performs control of the rotating operation of the photosensitive drum, based on the above prediction result.

Abstract: The present invention was made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the invention is to provide an external skin preparation having a rough skin improving effect, excellent in texture in use, especially excellent in smoothness, free of sticky feeling, and excellent in stability. Another object is to provide a skin cleanser excellent especially in usability and a cosmetic removing effect. That is, the external skin preparation of the present invention is characterized by comprising a block-type alkylene oxide derivative represented by the below-described formula (I). [formula 1] Y—[O(EO)a-(AO)b-(EO)c-R]k??(I) (In the formula, Y is the residue given by removing hydroxyl groups from a polyhydric alcohol having 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and k is the number of hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol. EO is an oxyethylene group, AO is an oxyalkylene group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and they are attached in a block-type, respectively.

Abstract: By the vehicle controller of the present invention, when the economy mode is selected by a driver, boosting by a converter is limited and output torque of a motor is limited. Even in the economy mode, however, if the driver requests large torque, either the limit on boosting or the limit on output torque is cancelled. As a result, a vehicle controller for a vehicle including a battery, a converter boosting/lowering the battery voltage and a motor operating with the power from the converter is provided, by which unnecessary power consumption is reduced and the torque requested by the driver can be generated.