Abstract: A toner including a binder resin comprising a resin (a) comprising a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton formed from an optically-active monomer. The polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton has a weight average molecular weight of from 7,000 to 60,000. The binder resin comprises the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight. The optical purity X (%) of the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton represented by the following formula is 80% or less: X(%)=|X(L-isomer)?X(D-isomer)| wherein X(L-isomer) and X(D-isomer) represent molar ratio (%) of L-isomer and D-isomer of the optically-active monomer, respectively.

Abstract: A noise reducing apparatus adapted effectively reduces the noise produced in the edge portion during the movement of inputted images may without causing the residual images or the like on the output images even if the inputted images move fast, and even if the inputting images move slowly by the controlling operation of the circuit using the movement detecting circuit especially even when a changing operation is often effected during the movement of the inputted picture signals.