Abstract: The invention provides: a dihydroxynaphthalene condensate which suppresses soft particle generation and is suitably usable for a composition excellent in filterability; and a method for producing the dihydroxynaphthalene condensate. In the method for producing a dihydroxynaphthalene condensate, dihydroxynaphthalene to be used has a sulfur element content of 100 ppm or less in terms of mass among constituent elements. The dihydroxynaphthalene and a condensation agent are condensed in presence of an acid or a base to produce the dihydroxynaphthalene condensate.

Abstract: Provided are a pitch-formation suppressor and the like which can be widely applied independently of the substance that causes a pitch and of the situation to generate a pitch in a paper manufacturing process, and which can effectively suppress and prevent the troubles due to the pitch, such as foreign spots and defects in a paper, breakage of a paper, and lowering of workability. This pitch-formation suppressor comprises an alkaline solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved, or an acid solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for purifying dihydroxynaphthalene, which is capable of suppressing soft particle generation and obtaining dihydroxynaphthalene serving as a raw material of a resin and composition excellent in filterability. The method for purifying dihydroxynaphthalene includes the step of removing a sulfur content in the dihydroxynaphthalene with an adsorbent, and neutral alumina is used as the adsorbent.

Abstract: The invention provides: a dihydroxynaphthalene condensate which suppresses soft particle generation and is suitably usable for a composition excellent in filterability; and a method for producing the dihydroxynaphthalene condensate, in the method for producing a dihydroxynaphthalene condensate, dihydroxynaphthalene to be used has a sulfur element content of 100 ppm or less in terms of mass among constituent elements. The dihydroxynaphthalene and a condensation agent are condensed in presence of an acid or a base to produce the dihydroxynaphthalene condensate.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate manufacturing method includes: epitaxially growing a columnar III nitride semiconductor single crystal on a principal place of a circular substrate; removing a hollow cylindrical region at an outer peripheral edge side of the III nitride semiconductor single crystal to leave a solid columnar region at an inside of the hollow cylindrical region of the III nitride semiconductor single crystal; and slicing the solid columnar region after removing the hollow cylindrical region. The hollow cylindrical region is removed such that the shape of the III nitride semiconductor single crystal is always keeps an axial symmetry that a center axis of the III nitride semiconductor single crystal is defined as a symmetric axis.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor single crystal substrate manufacturing method includes providing a template that a first nitride semiconductor single crystal layer is hetero-epitaxially grown on a heterogeneous substrate, forming a plurality of linear grooves on a surface of the template that have a depth reaching an inside of the heterogeneous substrate, wherein a pattern of the plurality of the linear grooves has three-fold or six-fold rotational symmetry with respect to a central axis of the template, epitaxially growing a second nitride semiconductor single crystal layer on the template with the plurality of the linear grooves formed thereon, and cutting a nitride semiconductor single crystal substrate from the second nitride semiconductor single crystal layer.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor single crystal substrate manufacturing method includes providing a template that a first nitride semiconductor single crystal layer is hetero-epitaxially grown on a heterogeneous substrate, forming a plurality of linear grooves on a surface of the template that have a depth reaching an inside of the heterogeneous substrate, wherein a pattern of the plurality of the linear grooves has three-fold or six-fold rotational symmetry with respect to a central axis of the template, epitaxially growing a second nitride semiconductor single crystal layer on the template with the plurality of the linear grooves formed thereon, and cutting a nitride semiconductor single crystal substrate from the second nitride semiconductor single crystal layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate manufacturing method includes: epitaxially growing a columnar III nitride semiconductor single crystal on a principal place of a circular substrate; removing a hollow cylindrical region at an outer peripheral edge side of the III nitride semiconductor single crystal to leave a solid columnar region at an inside of the hollow cylindrical region of the III nitride semiconductor single crystal; and slicing the solid columnar region after removing the hollow cylindrical region. The hollow cylindrical region is removed such that the shape of the III nitride semiconductor single crystal is always keeps an axial symmetry that a center axis of the III nitride semiconductor single crystal is defined as a symmetric axis.

Abstract: A system and method for precisely controlling an amount of tilt of a plumb pile or a batter pile without using two surveying instruments or a clinometer. The system for providing operational information to an operator of a pile driver 10 for driving a pile 101 into the ground has first means 14 for obtaining first data of tilt of the pile in a first coordinate system, a second means 16 for converting the first data into a second data in a second coordinate system defined by at least two points Pl, Pr, and display means 17 for displaying the amount of tile in the second coordinate system.

Abstract: A curable resin including a repeating unit of hydroxystyrene substituted with an alkoxymethyl group, the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1): where Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Rb represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m is 1 to 3; and n is 1 to 3.

Abstract: There is provided a water treatment method using a water treatment flocculant that suffers from minimal secondary contamination with flocculation residues and contains an alkaline solution of a phenolic resin. A water treatment method involving the addition of a flocculant to water to be treated and subsequent membrane separation treatment. The flocculant contains an alkaline solution of a phenolic resin having a melting point in the range of 130° C. to 220° C. The water treatment flocculant is produced by a resole-type second-order reaction in the presence of an alkaline catalyst in which an aldehyde is added to an alkali solution of a novolak phenolic resin. The novolak phenolic resin is produced by a reaction between a phenol and an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A battery heater device which heats a battery with a plurality of cells mounted on a vehicle comprises a first heater part which heats cells positioned at an outer side in the battery; a second heater part which heats cells positioned at an inner side in the battery; and a controller which controls power to be supplied to the first and second heater parts; wherein the controller reduces the power supplied to the second heater part at a predetermined timing after start of the power supply to the first and second heater parts, thereby improving quick-heating performance of the battery and heating the battery more uniformly with use of simple arrangement.

Abstract: A planar heating element has an electrical insulating substrate, at least one pair of electrodes that includes thin metal wires covered with conductive cover layers and that is placed on a surface of the electrical insulating substrate, a polymer resistor that is placed on the electrical insulating substrate and that is supplied with electricity from the electrodes, and electrical insulating cover material 16 that covers the electrodes and the polymer resistor and that is made to adhere to the electrical insulating substrate by hot melt, and sectional shape of the conductive cover layers is of an ellipse in general with long axis parallel to the surface of the electrical insulating substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a pitch-formation suppressor and the like which can be widely applied independently of the substance that causes a pitch and of the situation to generate a pitch in a paper manufacturing process, and which can effectively suppress and prevent the troubles due to the pitch, such as foreign spots and defects in a paper, breakage of a paper, and lowering of workability. This pitch-formation suppressor comprises an alkaline solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved, or an acid solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved.

Abstract: A curable resin including a repeating unit of hydroxystyrene substituted with an alkoxymethyl group, the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1): where Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Rb represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m is 1 to 3; and n is 1 to 3.

Abstract: A system and method for precisely controlling an amount of tilt of a plumb pile or a batter pile without using two surveying instruments or a clinometer. The system for providing operational information to an operator of a pile driver 10 for driving a pile 101 into the ground has first means 14 for obtaining first data of tilt of the pile in a first coordinate system, a second means 16 for converting the first data into a second data in a second coordinate system defined by at least two points Pl, Pr, and display means 17 for displaying the amount of tile in the second coordinate system.

Abstract: A battery heater device which heats a battery with a plurality of cells mounted on a vehicle comprises a first heater part which heats cells positioned at an outer side in the battery; a second heater part which heats cells positioned at an inner side in the battery; and a controller which controls power to be supplied to the first and second heater parts; wherein the controller reduces the power supplied to the second heater part at a predetermined timing after start of the power supply to the first and second heater parts, thereby improving quick-heating performance of the battery and heating the battery more uniformly with use of simple arrangement.

Abstract: A planar heating element has an electrical insulating substrate, at least one pair of electrodes that includes thin metal wires covered with conductive cover layers and that is placed on a surface of the electrical insulating substrate, a polymer resistor that is placed on the electrical insulating substrate and that is supplied with electricity from the electrodes, and electrical insulating cover material 16 that covers the electrodes and the polymer resistor and that is made to adhere to the electrical insulating substrate by hot melt, and sectional shape of the conductive cover layers is of an ellipse in general with long axis parallel to the surface of the electrical insulating substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a water treatment method using a water treatment flocculant that suffers from minimal secondary contamination with flocculation residues and contains an alkaline solution of a phenolic resin. A water treatment method involving the addition of a flocculant to water to be treated and subsequent membrane separation treatment. The flocculant contains an alkaline solution of a phenolic resin having a melting point in the range of 130° C. to 220° C. The water treatment flocculant is produced by a resole-type second-order reaction in the presence of an alkaline catalyst in which an aldehyde is added to an alkali solution of a novolak phenolic resin. The novolak phenolic resin is produced by a reaction between a phenol and an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A seat heating device of the invention includes a cover covering a rear side of a seat back through a bottom side of a seat part and a heater being flexible and disposed behind the cover and between the cover and the seat. With this configuration, radiant heating of lower legs and feet of a back seat passenger is realized with a single heater.