Abstract: A molten metal component estimation device including: an input device configured to receive measurement information about a refining facility including measurement results regarding an optical characteristic; a model database that stores model expressions and model parameters, regarding a blowing process reaction, including a model expression and model parameters representing a relation between the oxygen efficiency in decarburization and a carbon concentration in a molten metal in the refining facility; and a processor configured to: estimate component concentrations of the molten metal including the carbon concentration in the molten metal by using the measurement information, the model expressions and the model parameters; estimate the carbon concentration in the molten metal based on the measurement results; and determine the model expression and the model parameters to be used when estimating the component concentrations of the molten metal, based on the estimation result of the carbon concentration in t

Abstract: A top-blowing lance nozzle is configured to freely switch an adequate expansion condition so as to control an oxygen-blowing amount and a jetting velocity independently of each other without requiring a plurality of lance nozzles or a mechanically movable part. A lance nozzle is configured to blow refining oxygen to molten iron charged in a reaction vessel while a gas is blown from a top-blowing lance to the molten iron. One or more blowing holes for blowing a working gas are on an inner wall side surface of the nozzle, at a site where the lance nozzle has a minimum cross-sectional area in a nozzle axis direction or at a neighboring site of the site.

Abstract: An optical data bus communication system of an artificial satellite includes an optical transmitter, a reflection film provided over the entire inner surface of case, and an optical receiver that receives optical signals that are transmitted from the optical transmitter both directly and after reflection and diffusing by the reflection film and reproduces the optical signals from the received signals.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for prophylaxis or treatment of Type I allergic diseases which comprises as an active ingredient an anilide compound represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## ?wherein R.sub.1 is a trifluoromethyl group, a halogen atom or a cyano group, R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group and R.sub.3 is a group of the formula (II) or (III) ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.4 is a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a straight or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl group, a straight or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynyl group or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group) or a stereoisomer thereof or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof.The present composition remarkably inhibits the production of IgE, which is the direct cause of Type I allergic diseases, and it can radically prevent or cure Type I allergic diseases.