Abstract: A method for manufacturing an EL element, includes: a first quantum dot layer forming step of forming a quantum dot layer containing first quantum dots; a first quantum dot layer coating step of exposing a first portion included in the first quantum dot layer, and coating a second portion included in the first quantum dot layer, the first quantum dot layer coating step including: a photoresist layer forming step; and a photoresist layer patterning step; a solution supplying step of applying or spraying a solution only to or on the first portion, the solution containing first molecules each having a plurality of coordinating functional groups coordinatable with the first quantum dots and; a removing step of removing the second portion of the first quantum dot layer and the patterned photoresist layer, such that the first portion of the first quantum dot layer forms a first light-emitting layer.

Abstract: A network monitoring device disposed at a node connected to a network includes a determination unit for sending a monitoring packet to a neighboring node upstream or downstream, and for determining that the neighboring node has broken away from the network unless the determination unit does not receive a response packet from the neighbor, and a notification unit for, when the determination unit has determined that the neighboring node upstream or downstream has broken away from the network, broadcasting a notification packet indicating the event to all other nodes connected to the network.