Abstract: The invention provides an agent for treating depression, which contains N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, and a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression, which contains an effective amount of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine and a carrier acceptable as a medicament.

Abstract: The invention provides an agent containing N-acetyl-D-mannosamine for protecting a glucose-sensitive cell from glucose toxicity due to high glucose concentration; a pharmaceutical composition for protecting a glucose-sensitive cell from glucose toxicity due to high glucose concentration, containing an effective amount of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; use of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine in producing a medicament for protecting a glucose-sensitive cell from glucose toxicity due to high glucose concentration; and a method of protecting a glucose-sensitive cell from glucose toxicity due to high glucose concentration, including administering an effective amount of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine to a subject in need thereof. The glucose-sensitive cell is selected from the group consisting of a nerve cell, a renal cell and a vascular endothelial cell.

Abstract: The invention provides an agent for treating depression, which contains N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, and a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression, which contains an effective amount of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine and a carrier acceptable as a medicament.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for an esterification product of a cellulose derivative by comprising esterification of a cellulose derivative in a mixture of an ionic liquid, cellulose derivative and agent that is at least one selected from the group consisting of carboxylic anhydride, carboxylic acid halide, and carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl-protecting group; Y represents a C7-20 aralkyl group which may optionally have one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; and Z represents a halogen atom, a C1-4 alkylthio, or an arylthio group, or its corresponding sulfoxide group.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of producing a large amount of an ?-form or ?-form of N-pyranosyl-tryptophan having a specified structure and preparing an antibody therefrom. The method comprises a step of allowing a pyranose compound to react with a 3-pyrazyl-indole compound in the presence of a first base to obtain a 1-pyranosyl-3-pyrazyl-indole compound, and a step of treating the 1-pyranosyl-3-pyrazyl-indole compound with an acid, treating the resultant with a hydrogenation catalyst, and further treating the resultant with a second base to synthesize N-pyranosyl-tryptophan, thereby producing an antibody therefrom.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel method for producing a peptide thioester. In the present invention, general peptide synthesis is performed on a solid-phase resin, carboxylic acid obtained after cutout is allowed to react with p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate, and then the reaction product is alkylated, and is reacted with thiol. Thus, peptide thioester is simply synthesized under mild conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods which enables synthesis of various sugar chains and products obtained by the same. More specifically, the present invention provides protected sugar chain compounds represented by the formula (I) below: [wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is a linear or branched sugar chain, S1 is any sugar residue, SA and SB are the same or different sugar residues, L is a bond or a linear sugar chain, X is absent, or, if present, represents certain group, the sugar residues SA and SB are cleaved by different exoglycosidases, respectively] and libraries thereof, and methods of producing the same; methods of producing a sugar chain compound, which comprises treating the sugar chain compound or library with glycosidase, and glycosidase decomposition products obtained by the same; intermediates for the synthesis of protected sugar chain compounds; reagents and kits; and the like.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of producing a large amount of an ?-form or ?-form of N-pyranosyl-tryptophan having a specified structure and preparing an antibody therefrom. The method comprises a step of allowing a pyranose compound to react with a 3-pyrazyl-indole compound in the presence of a first base to obtain a 1-pyranosyl-3-pyrazyl-indole compound, and a step of treating the 1-pyranosyl-3-pyrazyl-indole compound with an acid, treating the resultant with a hydrogenation catalyst, and further treating the resultant with a second base to synthesize N-pyranosyl-tryptophan, thereby producing an antibody therefrom.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel method for producing a peptide thioester. In the present invention, general peptide synthesis is performed on a solid-phase resin, carboxylic acid obtained after cutout is allowed to react with p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate, and then the reaction product is alkylated, and is reacted with thiol. Thus, peptide thioester is simply synthesized under mild conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods which enables synthesis of various sugar chains and products obtained by the same. More specifically, the present invention provides protected sugar chain compounds represented by the formula (I) below: [wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is a linear or branched sugar chain, S1 is any sugar residue, SA and SB are the same or different sugar residues, L is a bond or a linear sugar chain, X is absent, or, if present, represents certain group, the sugar residues SA and SB are cleaved by different exoglycosidases, respectively] and libraries thereof, and methods of producing the same; methods of producing a sugar chain compound, which comprises treating the sugar chain compound or library with glycosidase, and glycosidase decomposition products obtained by the same; intermediates for the synthesis of protected sugar chain compounds; reagents and kits; and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl-protecting group; Y represents a C7-20 aralkyl group which may optionally have one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; and Z represents a halogen atom, a C1-4 alkylthio, or an arylthio group, or its corresponding sulfoxide group.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for simply, quickly and selectively monitoring the progress of a reaction with high sensitivity in real time in the solid-phase synthesis of a sugar chain. The present invention provides a method for detecting whether or not a hydroxyl group in sugars is protected, which comprises the step of reacting the sugar having a hydroxyl group or hydroxyl group protected by a Z—CH2—CO— group wherein Z represents a halogen or —O—SO2—R, in which R represents an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, which is immobilized to a solid phase, with a compound represented by the formula X-Y wherein X represents a residue of an azo dye compound, and Y represents a group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group in the sugars; and/or reacting the above sugar with (p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine under basic conditions.

Abstract: A single vessel cyclic synthesis process for preparation of a sialyl.alpha.2.fwdarw.3.beta.galactoside is disclosed. In accordance with this process, a sialyltransferase acceptor is sialylated in an aqueous reaction medium by an .alpha.(2,3)sialyl transferase and CMP-sialic acid to form a sialyl donor substrate and CMP. In the presence of the trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma crusi, that sialyl donor substrate provides a sialyl group for a trans-sialidase acceptor, thereby preparing the sialyl.alpha.2.fwdarw.3.beta.galactoside. The .alpha.(2,3)sialyltransferase acceptor is reformed upon trans-sialidation of the latter acceptor, and the sialyl donor substrate is reformed using the .alpha.(2,3)sialyltransferase and a CMP-sialic acid recycling system that combines CMP with sialic acid that is also present in the vessel. The K.sub.m /V.sub.max value for the .alpha.(2,3)sialyltransferase acceptor is less than one-tenth the value of K.sub.m /V.sub.max of the trans-sialidase acceptor for the .alpha.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfated oligosaccharides or their derivatives such as the following compound and being useful for diagnosing or treating diseases such as immunity-related diseases and mucopolysaccharide diseases. ##STR1## (M is an alkali metal).

Abstract: Hybridomas which produce monoclonal antibodies specific to an abnormal branched determinant of a synthetic glycolipid antigen and methods of use of the monoclonal antibodies.