Abstract: Provided is an apparatus having a beam geometry changing device that changes the beam geometry of excitation light, and a control device that controls the beam geometry changing device, with favorable precision, which the apparatus performs a resonance angle scan and to detect a target material.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin is molded by a press-molding method wherein a thermoplastic resin in a molten state is compressed to flow between a pair of female and male molds so as to be formed into a predetermined shape. A compression rate of the mold is controlled so that the following expression (1) is satisfied:0.5.ltoreq.B/A.ltoreq.2 (1)wherein A (mm/s.sup.2) is an acceleration which is realized at a time when the compression rate is 75% of a maximum rate in a compression-acceleration region, which region is defined as a period of time from a moment when the compression of the molten thermoplastic resin is started to a moment when the compression rate reaches the maximum rate; and B (mm/s.sup.2) is a deceleration which is realized at a time when the compression rate is 75% of the maximum rate in a compression-deceleration region, which region is defined as a period of time from a moment when the compression rate reaches the maximum rate to a moment when the closing of the molds is complete.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin is molded by a press-molding method wherein a thermoplastic resin in a molten state is compressed to flow between a pair of female and male molds so as to be formed into a predetermined shape. A compression rate of the mold is controlled so that the following expression (1) is satisfied:0.5.ltorsim.B/A.ltorsim.2 (1)wherein A (mm/s.sup.2) is an acceleration which is realized at a time when the compression rate is 75% of a maximum rate in a compression-acceleration region, which region is defined as a period of time from a moment when the compression of the molten thermoplastic resin is started to a moment when the compression rate reaches the maximum rate; and B (mm/s.sup.2) is a deceleration which is realized at a time when the compression rate is 75% of the maximum rate in a compression-deceleration region, which region is defined as a period of time from a moment when the compression rate reaches the maximum rate to a moment when the closing of the molds is complete.

Abstract: In a method of simulating flow behavior of a resin in a process for press-molding the resin by use of a press-molding machine comprising a press apparatus equipped with a hydraulic circuit, and first and second molds at least one of which is connected to the press apparatus, disclosed is a method comprising a step of determining, from a characteristic of the hydraulic circuit, an elastic coefficient of the press apparatus, and an apparent elastic coefficient of the resin, a true compression rate imparted to the resin by the press apparatus, and a step of sequentially analyzing, based on the true compression rate, flow behavior of the resin.