Abstract: A top-blowing lance nozzle is configured to freely switch an adequate expansion condition so as to control an oxygen-blowing amount and a jetting velocity independently of each other without requiring a plurality of lance nozzles or a mechanically movable part. A lance nozzle is configured to blow refining oxygen to molten iron charged in a reaction vessel while a gas is blown from a top-blowing lance to the molten iron. One or more blowing holes for blowing a working gas are on an inner wall side surface of the nozzle, at a site where the lance nozzle has a minimum cross-sectional area in a nozzle axis direction or at a neighboring site of the site.

Abstract: A molten iron refining method having, an auxiliary material, and an oxidizing gas supplied through a top-blowing lance, to a cold iron source and molten pig iron that are contained/fed in a converter-type vessel, and molten iron is subjected to a refining process. A pre-charged cold iron source is charged into the converter-type vessel at an amount not larger than 0.15 times. A furnace-top-added cold iron source that's part or all of the cold iron source and added from a furnace top is fed during the refining process. A burner at a leading end of the top-blowing lance that spray holes through which a fuel and a combustion-supporting gas are ejected. During the refining process, a powdery auxiliary material processed into powder that's part of the auxiliary material is blown in, to pass through a flame formed by the burner.

Abstract: A method that, regarding a process of refining molten iron, can increase the thermal margin and the amount of cold iron source to be used. A burner having jetting holes for jetting a fuel and a combustion supporting gas is provided at a leading end part of one lance that top-blows an oxidizing gas to molten iron contained in a converter-type vessel, or at a leading end part of another separate lance. A powdery auxiliary raw material or an auxiliary raw material processed into a powder form that is blown into the molten iron from the one lance or the other lance passes through a flame formed by the burner. This top-blowing lance for a converter is configured to secure a predetermined heating time and powder-fuel ratio. Also, a method for adding an auxiliary raw material and a method for refining of molten iron that use this top-blowing lance.

Abstract: Proposed is a molten iron refining method capable of securing an in-flame staying time period of a heat transfer medium without being influenced by height adjustments of a blowing-purpose oxygen-blowing lance. As far as to a position lower than an upper end inside a converter-type vessel 1, a blowing-purpose oxygen-blowing lance 3 that supplies oxidizing gas and is capable of ascending and descending and at least one burner lance 4 capable of ascending and descending independently of the blowing-purpose oxygen-blowing lance are inserted. From the blowing-purpose oxygen-blowing lance, either oxidizing gas or oxidizing gas and CaO-containing refining agent are blown onto the molten iron. Also, a flame is formed by causing the burner lance to discharge fuel gas and combustion supporting gas. Powder particles discharged from the burner lance are caused to pass through the flame and to be blown onto the molten iron in a heat-transferred state, so that the molten iron is thermally compensated.

Abstract: A dephosphorization method using a top and bottom blown converter. This method uses a converter charged with molten iron and slag, to blow an oxygen-containing gas from a top-blowing lance, supply the gas from an inlet of a blowing hole, and supply a control gas from an opening toward an axial center. This method has: a slag top-surface position measurement step, with the top surface of the molten iron measured in advance, measuring an arbitrary position in a top surface of the slag; a slag top-surface difference calculation of slag thickness difference between the measured top-surface positions of the molten iron and the slag; and a jetting condition adjustment step of, using the obtained slag thickness, adjusting a jetting condition of the gas jetted from the top-blowing lance into an appropriate range. The top-blown jetting condition is adjusted by comparing the slag thickness and the depth of a surface depression.

Abstract: A top-blowing lance nozzle is configured to freely switch an adequate expansion condition so as to control an oxygen-blowing amount and a jetting velocity independently of each other without requiring a plurality of lance nozzles or a mechanically movable part. A lance nozzle is configured to blow refining oxygen to molten iron charged in a reaction vessel while a gas is blown from a top-blowing lance to the molten iron. One or more blowing holes for blowing a working gas are on an inner wall side surface of the nozzle, at a site where the lance nozzle has a minimum cross-sectional area in a nozzle axis direction or at a neighboring site of the site.

Abstract: A plurality of terminals are connected to a server via a communication network and share a predetermined common virtual space. The terminals each send to the server the position coordinates of the viewing point and direction of eyes of its user in the virtual space, and the visual field image viewed from that viewing point is displayed on a display. Based on the position coordinates and direction of eyes of the avatar each of the other terminals received from each of the other terminals via the server, each terminal generates an avatar image in the specified direction and at the specified position and displays it in the visual field. The server is always supplied with the latest position information of the avatar from every terminal and, when the distance between two arbitrary avatars becomes smaller than a threshold value, connects speech channels of the two terminals corresponding to these avatars.