Abstract: A method for measuring the concentration of polynucleotide in a sample comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a sample, a Raman scattering active agent capable of bonding to a polynucleotide and a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate capable of capturing the agent; (2) mixing the sample, the agent and the substrate to capture the agent which has not been bonded to polynucleotide on the surface of the substrate; (3) irradiating the mixture; and (4) measuring the SERS radiation which is generated by the agent captured on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A concave urine collector is set under a front end portion of a stool body, so that urine can be collected in a bowl. Single fiber holes are set on a front end and a left side of the urine collector respectively, while condenser lenses for condensing light on the bowl side, an excitation light fiber member carrying excitation light from an excitation light source and a Raman light receiving fiber member for receiving Raman light are set in the fiber holes respectively. The excitation light fiber member is connected with the excitation light source, and the Raman light receiving fiber member communicates with a spectro-detector. A Raman signal separated into its spectral components detected by the spectro-detector is data-processed by a data processing part, and outputted from a data output part as a measurement result.

Abstract: Acid is added to a target sample such as urine, blood plasma or serum for converting mevalonic acid contained in the sample to lactone mevalonate, and the sample is irradiated with near infrared Raman excitation light, for determining mevalonic acid by measuring generated Raman scattered light. This method employs no mediatory reaction with simple pretreatment, requires no high-priced measuring apparatus, and can determine mevalonic acid in a short time.

Abstract: A sample solution containing protein is irradiated with excitation light of a single wavelength which is emitted from a light source, so that light scattered from the sample solution is received and separated into its spectral components in a spectroscope, thereby obtaining light scattering spectra. Protein is quantitatively measured through intensity of a light scattering spectrum in a shift wavenumber of 100 to 3100 cm.sup.-1 with respect to the excitation wavelength among the light scattering spectra or an integral value in a proper range therein. As to a body fluid sample, the sample is irradiated with excitation light and Raman scattering spectral intensity values are measured at a plurality of wavenumbers in an arbitrary wavenumber range, and a plurality of components in the sample are analyzed simultaneously by multivariate regression analysis.

Abstract: As to respective expiration components to be measured, wavelengths having excellent correlations between component concentrations and Raman spectral intensity values are previously selected as measuring wavelengths which are specific to the components, an expiration specimen is irradiated with Raman excitation light, Raman spectra at the measuring wavelength which is specific to nitrogen and those at the measuring wavelengths previously selected for the components to be measured respectively are measured, Raman spectral intensity ratios of the components to the Raman spectral intensity of nitrogen are obtained, and the respective expiration components are quantitatively analyzed through a calibration curve which is previously prepared as to the Raman spectral intensity ratios of the respective components to nitrogen and concentrations.