Abstract: A fixing apparatus is used that has: a first rotation member; an elongated heater disposed in an internal space of the first rotation member, and having a heat generating member and a substrate on which the heat generating member is provided; a temperature sensing unit that detects a temperature of the heater; a heater holder that holds the heater; a second rotation member that forms a nip portion with the heater, across the first rotation member; a reservoir unit that stores grease that is supplied between the first rotation member and the heater; and an elastic member that encloses the temperature sensing unit, such that a toner image formed on a recording material is heated and fixed at the nip portion.

Abstract: In an electrochemical device of an embodiment, a cell stack has a spacer disposed to be arranged next to an insulating sealing member in a direction orthogonal to a stack direction. A plurality of the spacers are arranged in the stack direction between a pair of end plates, and the spacer is interposed between a pair of separators adjacently arranged in the stack direction. The spacer is formed of a material whose thickness reduction ratio when an operation of the electrochemical device is executed is smaller than that of the insulating sealing member. Before the execution of the operation of the electrochemical device, the thickness of the spacer is thinner than the thickness of the insulating sealing member. Further, the thickness of the spacer keeps a state of being equal to or less than the thickness of the insulating sealing member when the operation of the electrochemical device is executed.

Abstract: An ion gun 11 supplies an Ar gas into a main body 111 from a gas inlet 114, causes DC hot cathode discharge between a filament 113 and an anode 112 to generate Ar plasma. Next, a voltage gradient is applied to separated accelerator grids 116a, 116b having a bi-separated configuration in an ion ejecting direction. The each potential of the separated accelerator grids 116a, 116b is independently controlled by independently setting accelerator control switches 121a, 121b on or off to change the potential of that of the separated accelerator grids 116a, 116b which corresponds to an ion beam to be disabled.

Abstract: An ion gun 11 supplies an Ar gas into a main body 111 from a gas inlet 114, causes DC hot cathode discharge between a filament 113 and an anode 112 to generate Ar plasma. Next, a voltage gradient is applied to separated accelerator grids 116a, 116b having a bi-separated configuration in an ion ejecting direction. The each potential of the separated accelerator grids 116a, 116b is independently controlled by independently setting accelerator control switches 121a, 121b on or off to change the potential of that of the separated accelerator grids 116a, 116b which corresponds to an ion beam to be disabled.