Abstract: A laminate includes a substrate; and a layer (a) containing particles forming a specific uneven shape, the number of particles present on the surface of the layer (a) is 6.3 to 20 per 1 ?m2, and a heat shrinkage rate of the laminate in a case of being heated for one hour at a glass transition temperature of the substrate+10° C. is 20% or more and less than 70%. An antireflection product has a three-dimensional curved surface having a curvature radius of 1 to 1,000 mm, and has a specific uneven shape formed of particles on the three-dimensional curved surface, the number of metal oxide particles present on the three-dimensional curved surface is 9 to 40 per 1 ?m2, and a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of reflectivities is less than 1.2%.

Abstract: Provided are an optical film, a circularly polarizing plate, and an image display apparatus in each of which the occurrence of cracks is suppressed in the obtained film in a case of being punched. The optical film includes a stretched resin film and a liquid crystal layer formed by fixing a liquid crystal compound twist-aligned along a helical axis extending along a direction in thickness, in which a ?a value calculated using a three-dimensional solubility parameter of a resin in the stretched resin film is 8.0 MPa1/2 or less, the liquid crystal layer contains a cured substance of a polyfunctional compound having two or more polymerizable groups in one molecule, and an absolute value of a difference between the ?a value calculated using the three-dimensional solubility parameter of the polyfunctional compound and the ?a value calculated using the three-dimensional solubility parameter of the resin is 4.0 MPa1/2 or less.

Abstract: A hardcoat film includes a substrate; a hardcoat layer; and an anti-scratch layer, where the hardcoat layer includes a cured product of polyorganosilsesquioxane, the polyorganosilsesquioxane has a siloxane constitutional unit containing a (meth)acryloyl group and a siloxane constitutional unit containing an epoxy group and is represented by the General Formula (1), a film thickness of the anti-scratch layer is 0.05 to 5 ?m, and the anti-scratch layer includes a cured product of a compound having two or more (meth)acryloyl groups in one molecule, where Ra represents a group containing a (meth)acryloyl group; Rb represents a group containing an epoxy group; Rc represents a monovalent substituent; p, q, and r represent a proportion of Ra, Rb, and Rc in the General Formula (1) respectively; p+q+r is 100; p and q are greater than 0; r is equal to or greater than 0; p/q is 0.01 to 99.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an optically anisotropic layer, with a polarizer, which has a plurality of regions in which alignment states of a liquid crystal compound are fixed and different from one another; laminate, with a polarizer; and a composition. The method includes: 1) forming a composition layer containing a chiral agent containing at least a photosensitive chiral agent and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound on a substrate, 2) subjecting the composition layer to a heat treatment, 3) subjecting the composition layer to light irradiation under oxygen concentration of 1% by volume or more, after step 2), and 4) subjecting the composition layer to a curing treatment to form an optically anisotropic layer, and 5) carrying out step 3) under heating conditions, or subjecting the composition layer to a heat treatment between step 3) and step 4), with a predetermined amount of chiral agent.

Abstract: Provided are a laminate including: a glass substrate; a layer (ca) including a binder; a particle (a2) having an average primary particle diameter of 100 nm to 380 nm; and a layer (b) including a pressure sensitive adhesive, in which the layer (ca) is present on a side closer to the glass substrate than the layer (b), and the particle (a2) is buried in layers obtained by combining the layer (ca) and the layer (b) and protrudes from an interface of the layer (ca) on a side opposite to an interface of the layer (ca) on the glass substrate side, an antireflection product using the laminate, and a method of manufacturing the laminate and an antireflection product.

Abstract: A hardcoat film includes: a substrate; and a hardcoat layer, in which the hardcoat film satisfies the following Formulas (i) and (ii), (i) E?(0.4)HC×dHC?8,000 MPa·?m, (ii) E?(4)HC×dHC?4,000 MPa·?m, E?(0.4)HC is an elastic modulus of the hardcoat layer obtained in a case where an elongation rate is 0.4%, E?(4)HC is an elastic modulus of the hardcoat layer obtained in a case where an elongation rate is 4%, and dHC is a film thickness of the hardcoat layer.

Abstract: Provided are a laminate including: a glass substrate; a layer (ca) including a binder; a particle (a2) having an average primary particle diameter of 100 nm to 380 nm; and a layer (b) including a pressure sensitive adhesive, in which the layer (ca) is present on a side closer to the glass substrate than the layer (b), and the particle (a2) is buried in layers obtained by combining the layer (ca) and the layer (b) and protrudes from an interface of the layer (ca) on a side opposite to an interface of the layer (ca) on the glass substrate side, an antireflection product using the laminate, and a method of manufacturing the laminate and an antireflection product.

Abstract: The first and second electronic components are mounted on a printed circuit board. A temperature indicating resin comes in contact with not the second electronic component but the first electronic component. The temperature indicating resin visually changes upon increase in the temperature. Alternatively, an electronic component is mounted on the printed circuit board. The temperature indicating resin comes in contact with not the electronic component but the printed circuit board. The temperature indicating resin visually changes upon increase in the temperature.

Abstract: A hardcoat film has a substrate, a hardcoat layer, and an anti-scratch layer in this order. The anti-scratch layer contains a cured product of polyorganosilsesquioxane (c1) having a group containing a radically polymerizable double bond.

Abstract: A hardcoat film includes: a substrate; and a hardcoat layer formed on at least one surface of the substrate, in which the hardcoat layer contains a compound having a silsesquioxane structure, in a case where ?A represents a modulus of elasticity of the substrate and ?B represents a modulus of elasticity of the hardcoat layer, a difference ?? of a modulus of elasticity represented by ?A??B is 1,800 to 4,900 MPa, the modulus of elasticity of the substrate is 6.0 to 9.0 GPa, and a recovery rate of the hardcoat layer in an indentation test that is represented by the following equation is 84% to 99%, Recovery ? ? rate ? ? ( % ) = Maximum ? ? indentation ? ? depth ? ? ( ?m ) - Depth ? ? after ? ? ? unloading ? ? ( ?m ) Maximumin ? ? indentation ? ? depth ? ? ( ?m ) × 10 ? 0 .

Abstract: A laminate includes a support, a layer (b) including a pressure sensitive adhesive, particles (a2) having an average primary particle diameter of 100 nm to 380 nm, and a layer (ca) including a resin, in which the layer (b) is provided closer to the support than the layer (ca), the particles (a2) are buried in a layer obtained by combining the layer (b) and the layer (ca) and protrudes from an interface of the layer (ca) on the support side, and a portion including the particles (a2) and the layer (ca) is peelable from the layer (b).

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor device is provide, the nitride semiconductor device including: an epitaxial layer; and an ion implantation layer that is provided on the epitaxial layer over a continuous depth range that extends over 100 nm or longer, and has a P type doping concentration equal to or higher than 1×1017 cm?3, wherein the ion implantation layer has a region with a crystal defect density equal to or lower than 1×1016 cm?3, the region being located in a range which is on an upper-surface-side of an interface between the epitaxial layer and the ion implantation layer, and is within 100 nm from the interface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminate used in an image display device the laminate including an optically anisotropic layer, a light-absorbing anisotropic layer, a refractive index-adjusting layer, and an oxygen shielding layer in this order, where the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is formed of a composition containing dichroic azo coloring agent and liquid crystalline compounds, where the dichroic azo coloring agent compound is 10% to 30% by mass with respect to a mass of a total solid content of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer, a degree of alignment of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is 0.92 or higher, the refractive index-adjusting layer is formed of a composition containing a crosslinkable group compound, and has an in-plane average refractive index of 1.55 to 1.70 (550 nm ?), and an angle formed by an in-plane slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer and an absorption axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer is 45°±10°.

Abstract: A hardcoat film has a substrate, a hardcoat layer, and a mixed layer in this order. The hardcoat layer contains a cured product of polyorganosilsesquioxane (a1) having an epoxy group. The mixed layer contains a cured product of a compound (b1) having an epoxy group and a cured product of a compound (b2) having two or more (meth)acryloyl groups in one molecule.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor device includes a transistor having a channel region in a gallium nitride-based semiconductor layer. The transistor includes: a gate insulating film provided above the gallium nitride-based semiconductor layer; an intermediate layer arranged between the gallium nitride-based semiconductor layer and the gate insulating film, having a band gap smaller than that of the gate insulating film, and having a band offset with the gallium nitride-based semiconductor layer; a gate electrode provided on the gate insulating film; a first conductivity type source region provided in the gallium nitride-based semiconductor layer; and a source electrode provided on the gallium nitride-based semiconductor layer and being in contact with the source region. The intermediate layer is arranged at a position opposed to the gate electrode through the gate insulating film and avoids a source contact region in which the source electrode is in contact with the source region.

Abstract: A composition for forming a hardcoat layer includes a polyorganosilsesquioxane; and a polymerization initiator, in which the polyorganosilsesquioxane has, at least, a siloxane constitutional unit containing an oxetanyl group and a siloxane constitutional unit containing an epoxy group and is represented by the General Formula (1), in the General Formula (1), Ra represents a group containing an oxetanyl group; Rb represents a group containing an epoxy group; Rc represents a monovalent substituent; Ra, Rb, and Rc each have a structure including none of an amide bond, a urea bond, and a urethane bond; p and q represent an integer equal to or greater than 1; r represents an integer equal to or greater than 0; p/q is equal to or greater than 1.0 and less than 99.

Abstract: A hardcoat film includes a substrate; a hardcoat layer; and an anti-scratch layer, where the hardcoat layer includes a cured product of polyorganosilsesquioxane, the polyorganosilsesquioxane has a siloxane constitutional unit containing a (meth)acryloyl group and a siloxane constitutional unit containing an epoxy group and is represented by the General Formula (1), a film thickness of the anti-scratch layer is 0.05 to 5 ?m, and the anti-scratch layer includes a cured product of a compound having two or more (meth)acryloyl groups in one molecule, where Ra represents a group containing a (meth)acryloyl group; Rb represents a group containing an epoxy group; Rc represents a monovalent substituent; p, q, and r represent a proportion of Ra, Rb, and Rc in the General Formula (1) respectively; p+q+r is 100; p and q are greater than 0; r is equal to or greater than 0; p/q is 0.01 to 99.

Abstract: An antireflection film including: a plastic substrate; and an antireflection layer, where the antireflection layer includes a metal oxide particle and a binder resin, the antireflection layer has a moth eye structure including an uneven shape formed by the metal oxide particle, a total light transmittance of the antireflection film where light is incident from a side of the antireflection layer opposite the plastic substrate is 88% or more, and where transmittances of light at wavelengths of 480 nm and 580 nm of the antireflection film where the light is incident from a side of the antireflection layer opposite the plastic substrate are respectively T480 and T580, T580?T480?3.5% is satisfied, and a method of manufacturing the antireflection film, and an antireflection product, a polarizing plate, an image display device, a module, and a liquid crystal display device with a touch panel, containing the antireflection film.

Abstract: A surgery supporting apparatus is capable of controlling a posture of a first surgical instrument that is inserted into a body cavity and mechanically drivable, by using a second surgical instrument to be inserted into the body cavity. The apparatus comprises a robot arm configured to control the posture of the first surgical instrument attached to the robot arm. Instructions stored in a memory cause the apparatus to function as a control unit configured to control the motion of the robot arm such that the posture of the first surgical instrument is controlled in accordance with the posture of the second surgical instrument, in a case of a first mode, and controls the motion of the robot arm in accordance with a manipulation including contact to the robot arm, in a case of a second mode.

Abstract: A surgery supporting apparatus capable of performing a manipulation using a surgical instrument to be inserted into a body cavity, comprises a measurement device configured to measure an insertion depth and an insertion angle, with respect to the body cavity, of a shaft of the surgical instrument inserted into the body cavity, as input of the manipulation, wherein the measurement device measures the insertion depth by measuring a sound wave propagating in a space between a transmitter attached to one of the surgical instrument and a position within a predetermined range from a position of insertion to the body cavity, and a receiver attached to the other.