Abstract: A method for evaluating crystal defects in a silicon carbide single crystal wafer, the method including steps of: etching a silicon carbide single crystal wafer with melted KOH so that a size of an etch pit due to a threading edge dislocation is 10 to 50 ?m; obtaining microscopic images by automatic photographing at a plurality of positions on a surface of the silicon carbide single crystal wafer after the etching; determining presence or absence of a defect dense part in each of all the obtained microscopic images based on a continued length of the etch pit formed by the etching; and classifying all the obtained microscopic images into microscopic images having the defect dense part and microscopic images not having the defect dense part to evaluate a dense state of crystal defects in the silicon carbide single crystal wafer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent comprising an indocyanine-based fluorescent dye and a liposome. The near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent of the present invention demonstrates high fluorescence intensity and a long anchoring time in sentinel lymph nodes, thereby making it useful for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in sentinel lymph node navigation surgery. Also disclosed is an indocyanine green derivative that is particularly suitable for use in the near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent of the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent comprising an indocyanine-based fluorescent dye and a liposome. The near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent of the present invention demonstrates high fluorescence intensity and a long anchoring time in sentinel lymph nodes, thereby making it useful for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in sentinel lymph node navigation surgery. Also disclosed is an indocyanine green derivative that is particularly suitable for use in the near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent of the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent comprising an indocyanine-based fluorescent dye and a liposome. The near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent of the present invention demonstrates high fluorescence intensity and a long anchoring time in sentinel lymph nodes, thereby making it useful for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in sentinel lymph node navigation surgery. Also disclosed is an indocyanine green derivative that is particularly suitable for use in the near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent of the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent comprising an indocyanine-based fluorescent dye and a liposome. The near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent of the present invention demonstrates high fluorescence intensity and a long anchoring time in sentinel lymph nodes, thereby making it useful for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in sentinel lymph node navigation surgery. Also disclosed is an indocyanine green derivative that is particularly suitable for use in the near-infrared fluorescent imaging agent of the present invention.

Abstract: A defect inspection method for three-dimensional shapes employs a difference is between a distance code obtained by scanning, a perfect work (a value indicating a rocking angle of a mirror), and a distance code obtained by scanning an inspected work, at each measurement position. Differences are stored for a matrix in which a linear direction of the irradiation and a direction of a moving locus of the irradiation are two orthogonal axes. The most frequent difference value among matrix elements in the linear direction of the irradiation is found at each rocking angle of the mirror. A matrix element having a difference that deviates from the most frequent difference value by more than a set value is found at each rocking position of the mirror. Thus, sections having distance codes that do not match distance codes of the perfect work even by relatively shifting the distance code data are detected and identified as defect candidates.

Abstract: A defect inspection method for three-dimensional shapes employs a difference is between a distance code obtained by scanning, a perfect work (a value indicating a rocking angle of a mirror), and a distance code obtained by scanning an inspected work, at each measurement position. Differences are stored for a matrix in which a linear direction of the irradiation and a direction of a moving locus of the irradiation are two orthogonal axes. The most frequent difference value among matrix elements in the linear direction of the irradiation is found at each rocking angle of the mirror. A matrix element having a difference that deviates from the most frequent difference value by more than a set value is found at each rocking position of the mirror. Thus, sections having distance codes that do not match distance codes of the perfect work even by relatively shifting the distance code data are detected and identified as defect candidates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel phthalide compound represented by the following formula, which rapidly forms blue-blue black color with a developer when it is used as a recording material and, since a color image formed therewith has an intense absorption at 700.about.50 nm, it is usable for optical character reader; ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently, alkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms; cycloalkyl group having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; aryl group; or heterocyclic ring connecting R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and N, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent, independently, alkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms; cycloalkyl group having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; aryl group; a heterocyclic ring connecting R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and N, X.sup.1 .about.X.sup.3 represent, independently, hydrogen atom, alkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 6 or less carbon atom or halogen atom, X.sup.