Abstract: There is provided an optical body with improved antireflection capability, a display device, and a method for manufacturing an optical body, the optical body including: a first concave-convex structure formed on a surface of a base material; and a second concave-convex structure superimposed on the first concave-convex structure. An average concave-convex period of the first concave-convex structure is larger than a wavelength in a visible light region, an average concave-convex period of the second concave-convex structure is less than or equal to the wavelength in the visible light region, and projecting parts of the second concave-convex structure extend in a direction normal to a flat plane of the base material.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a master on which an arbitrary pattern is formed, the method including: forming a thin-film layer on an outer circumferential surface of a base material in a round cylindrical or round columnar shape; generating a control signal corresponding to an object on the basis of an input image in which the object is depicted; irradiating the thin-film layer with laser light on the basis of the control signal and thereby forming a thin-film pattern corresponding to the object on the thin-film layer; and forming a pattern corresponding to the object on the outer circumferential surface of the base material using, as a mask, the thin-film layer on which the thin-film pattern is formed.

Abstract: Provided are a cylindrical base, a master and a method for manufacturing a master enabling a uniform transfer of a fine pattern. A cylindrical base of a quartz glass having an internal strain in terms of birefringence of less than 70 nm/cm is used. A resist layer is deposited to an outer circumference surface of this cylindrical base, a latent image is formed on the resist layer, the latent image formed on the resist layer is developed and the pattern of the developed resist layer is used as a mask for etching to form a structure including concaves or convexes arranged in a plurality of rows on the outer circumference surface of the cylindrical base.

Abstract: Transparent conductive element includes an optical layer provided with a wave surface that has an average wavelength smaller than or equal to a wavelength of visible light and a transparent conductive layer formed on the wave surface so as to follow the shape of the wave surface. When the average wavelength of the wave surface is ?m and an average amplitude of vibration of the wave surface is Am, the ratio (Am/?m) is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less; an average angle of sloped surfaces of the wave surface is in the range of 30° or more and 60° or less; and when a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a highest position of the wave surface is D1 and a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a lowest position of the wave surface is D3, a ratio D3/D1 is in the range of 0.8 or less.

Abstract: A transparent conductive element includes an optical layer provided with a wave surface that has an average wavelength smaller than or equal to a wavelength of visible light and a transparent conductive layer formed on the wave surface so as to follow the shape of the wave surface. When the average wavelength of the wave surface is ?m and an average amplitude of vibration of the wave surface is Am, the ratio (Am/?m) is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less; an average angle of sloped surfaces of the wave surface is in the range of 30° or more and 60° or less; and when a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a highest position of the wave surface is D1 and a thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a lowest position of the wave surface is D3, a ratio D3/D1 is in the range of 0.8 or less.

Abstract: A transparent conductive element includes: an optical layer on which a wave surface with an average wavelength equal to or less than a wavelength of visible light is provided; and a transparent conductive layer that is formed on the wave surface so as to follow the corresponding wave surface. Assuming that the average wavelength of the wave surface is ?m and the average width of oscillation of the wave surface is Am, a ratio of (Am/?m) is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less. The average wavelength ?m of the wave surface is 140 nm or more and 300 nm or less. The film thickness of the transparent conductive layer at a position, at which the height of the wave surface is maximized, is 100 nm or less. The area of a planar portion of the wave surface is 50% or less.

Abstract: An optical system includes an optical element that has a surface on which a plurality of sub-wavelength structure bodies are formed; and an imaging device that has an imaging region which senses light via the optical element, wherein the surface of the optical element has one or two or more sections that scatter incident light and generate scattered light, and wherein a sum total of components of the scattered light reaching the imaging region is smaller than a sum total of components thereof reaching regions other than the imaging region.

Abstract: An electrically conductive optical element is provided with a substrate having a surface, structures which are convex portions or concave portions in the shape of a cone and which are arranged in large numbers on the surface of the substrate with a minute pitch less than or equal to the wavelength of the visible light, and a transparent, electrically conductive layer disposed on the structures. The aspect ratio of the structure is 0.2 or more, and 1.3 or less, the transparent, electrically conductive layer has a surface following the structures, the average layer thickness Dm1 of the transparent, electrically conductive layer at the top portion of the structure is 80 nm or less, and the surface resistance of the transparent, electrically conductive layer is within the range of 50?/? or more, and 500?/? or less.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive optical device including a substrate having flexibility; structural elements which are constructed with a plurality of convex portions or concave portions with a fine pitch which is equal to or less than the wavelength of visible light arranged on a surface of the substrate; and a transparent conductive layer which is formed on the structural elements, wherein the aspect ratio of the structural elements is equal to or more than 0.1 and equal to or less than 1.8, wherein the transparent conductive layer has a surface emulating the structural elements, and wherein a conductivity with respect to the bending test is maintained.

Abstract: An illuminating apparatus is provided and includes a plurality of point light sources in one plane and a first optical sheet and a second optical sheet overlapped in a region facing the plurality of point light sources. The plurality of point light sources are arranged in a first direction and also arranged in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The first optical sheet has a plurality of first three-dimensional structures extending in a direction parallel to the first direction and arranged in a direction parallel to the second direction. The second optical sheet has a plurality of second three-dimensional structures extending in a direction parallel to the second direction and arranged in a direction parallel to the first direction. Each of the second three-dimensional structures has a shape which generates a larger amount of return light from normal incident light as compared with the first three-dimensional structures.

Abstract: A retardation compensator 40 for compensating for residual retardation of a liquid crystal panel 11 includes a retardation compensating plate 50 having birefringence. An in-plane retardation R0c of the retardation compensating plate 50 and an in-plane retardation R0p of the liquid crystal panel 11 satisfy a relationship of 1<R0c/R0p?10, thereby allowing changes in the amount of compensated retardation among rotation angles occurring when the retardation compensating plate 50 is set with respect to the liquid crystal panel 11 to be confined within narrow limits. Therefore, the contrast can be adjusted readily, and variations in residual retardation among the individual liquid crystal panels 11 can be accommodated flexibly.

Abstract: An optical sheet stack body includes two optical sheets disposed to overlap a plurality of point light sources arranged in a first direction and arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction. The optical sheets are disposed so that a long-side direction of the optical sheet crosses the first and second directions at an angle other than right angle. A first optical sheet disposed on the point light source side has a plurality of first three-dimensional structures extending in a direction parallel to or almost parallel to the first direction. A second optical sheet disposed on the side opposite to the point light source has a plurality of second three-dimensional structures extending in a direction parallel to or almost parallel to the second direction. The second three-dimensional structure has a shape by which return light is generated from normal incident light more than the first three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A retardation compensation plate having a birefringent property for compensating residual retardation of a liquid crystal panel includes: a combined unit formed of an optical multi-layered film composed of a plurality of layers having different refractive indices stacked in a regular order and a polymer film. In the retardation compensation plate, the retardation compensation plate and the liquid crystal panel have in-plane retardations that satisfy the relationship: 1<R0c/R0p?10, where R0c is an in-plane retardation of the retardation compensation plate and R0p is an in-plane retardation of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: An illuminating apparatus is provided and includes a plurality of point light sources in one plane and a first optical sheet and a second optical sheet overlapped in a region facing the plurality of point light sources. The plurality of point light sources are arranged in a first direction and also arranged in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The first optical sheet has a plurality of first three-dimensional structures extending in a direction parallel to the first direction and arranged in a direction parallel to the second direction. The second optical sheet has a plurality of second three-dimensional structures extending in a direction parallel to the second direction and arranged in a direction parallel to the first direction. Each of the second three-dimensional structures has a shape which generates a larger amount of return light from normal incident light as compared with the first three-dimensional structures.

Abstract: A retardation compensation plate having a birefringent property for compensating residual retardation of a liquid crystal panel includes: a combined unit formed of an optical multi-layered film composed of a plurality of layers having different refractive indices stacked in a regular order and a polymer film. In the retardation compensation plate, the retardation compensation plate and the liquid crystal panel have in-plane retardations that satisfy the relationship: 1<R0c/R0p<10, where R0c is an in-plane retardation of the retardation compensation plate and R0p is an in-plane retardation of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A retardation compensator 40 for compensating for residual retardation of a liquid crystal panel 11 includes a retardation compensating plate 50 having birefringence. An in-plane retardation R0c of the retardation compensating plate 50 and an in-plane retardation R0p of the liquid crystal panel 11 satisfy a relationship of 1<R0c/R0p?10, thereby allowing changes in the amount of compensated retardation among rotation angles occurring when the retardation compensating plate 50 is set with respect to the liquid crystal panel 11 to be confined within narrow limits. Therefore, the contrast can be adjusted readily, and variations in residual retardation among the individual liquid crystal panels 11 can be accommodated flexibly.

Abstract: A predictive-type electronic clinical thermometer comprises a temperature sensing unit, a measuring unit for measuring elapsed time from the start of measurement and an arithmetic unit. The arithmetic unit performs a predictive operation in order to obtain a corrective value utilizing one selected prediction function at one time from among a plurality of prediction functions in which elapsed measurement time is a variable, each function defining a temperature change up to a final temperature. The arithmetic unit calculates the equilibrium temperature based upon the obtained corrective value and the sensed body temperature. In a case where an unstable temperature rise curve exhibits a transition not covered by the group of standard curves which are defined by the predictive functions, the prediction operation is suspended immediately and the actually measured temperature value is displayed at such time.

Abstract: In a predicting-type electronic clinical thermometer, data acquired from a temperature sensor (51) at a very small time interval (.DELTA.t) is read in on a real-time basis, the data is converted into detected temperature (T) by means of a processor (9), the temperature is stored in a memory (7) and a temperature prediction is performed to obtain a predicted temperature (Tp). The rate of change (.DELTA.T/.DELTA.t) in the detected temperature is obtained based upon the detected temperature (T). The moment at which this rate of change attains a predetermined value is taken as an opportunity to check the temporal fluctuation of the predicted temperature within a fixed reference time range. If the predicted temperature is found to have stabilized, the temperature detection is terminated. If it has not stabilized, the temperature detection is continued.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic clinical thermometer at least the temperature sensing portion of which, or the entire thermometer, has a flexible structure which adapts itself to any part of a body surface for automatically measuring body temperature or body surface temperature over an extended period of time. Preferably, the thermometer includes a power supply battery and a temperature measuring and storing circuit for storing in memory temperature data obtained by sensing temperature at a predetermined period by means of a temperature-responsive portion, reading out the temperature data stored in the memory in response to an externally applied data-read request, and outputting the temperature data to an external unit from a prescribed signal extracting portion. These elements are mounted on a flexible circuit board.

Abstract: A predicting-type electronic clinical thermometer in which displayed temperature rapidly attains an equilibrium temperature before the temperature actually sensed does. The thermometer stores a weighting function, in which elapsed measurement time is a variable, prescribing a predetermined change in weighting. When temperature is being sensed, weighting based on the weighting function is applied to a difference value between the sensed body temperature and a predicted value of equilibrium temperature obtained based on the sensed body temperature. The temperature displayed is caused to make a smooth transition from the start of temperature detection to the final equilibrium temperature by adding the weighted difference value to the sensed temperature.