Abstract: A turning tool includes: a holder portion; and a cutting edge portion fixed to the holder portion, wherein the cutting edge portion is composed of a synthetic single-crystal diamond, and the cutting edge portion has a nose curvature having a curvature radius of more than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 1.2 mm, and the nose curvature satisfies at least one of a condition that a direction of a line of intersection between the rake face and a bisecting cross section of a vertex angle of the nose curvature is within ±10° relative to a <110> direction of the synthetic single-crystal diamond, and a condition that the direction of the line of intersection between the rake face and the bisecting cross section of the vertex angle of the nose curvature is within ±10° relative to a <100> direction of the synthetic single-crystal diamond.

Abstract: The fixing apparatus includes a pressure fixing device to pressure fix a rod to a circular arc rod engagement portion, and small protruding portions that bite into the rod and have an acute angle in both end sides of the rod engagement portion outside of the pressure fixing device. A recess surface of the circular arc rod engagement portion between the small protruding portions is formed as a rough surface.

Abstract: A rod connector for connecting, to each other, opposed ends of a plurality of rods held by a rod holding tool which is fixed to a vertebra, wherein a cylindrically formed connector body is previously curved or bent according to a curve of the vertebral column constructed by the vertebra, both ends of the connector body are provided with a rod insertion hole, rod insertion openings into which the rods are inserted are formed in both end surfaces of the connector body, and the connector body includes screw holes through which fixing screws are threadedly inserted for fixing the rods inserted into the rod insertion hole.

Abstract: A rod connector is provided with a rod supporting portion in a part of a connector main body supported to a leading end of a shank portion. A rod pressing portion is provided in a side opposing to the rod supporting portion, and a rod is clamped and fixed by the rod pressing portion and the rod supporting portion. At this time, small convex portions provided in the rod supporting portion eat into the rod.

Abstract: A rod connector is provided with a rod supporting portion in a part of a connector main body supported to a leading end of a shank portion. A rod pressing portion is provided in a side opposing to the rod supporting portion, and a rod is clamped and fixed by the rod pressing portion and the rod supporting portion. At this time, small convex portions provided in the rod supporting portion eat into the rod.

Abstract: A rod connector is provided with a rod supporting portion in a part of a connector main body supported to a leading end of a shank portion. A rod pressing portion is provided in a side opposing to the rod supporting portion, and a rod is clamped and fixed by the rod pressing portion and the rod supporting portion. At this time, small convex portions provided in the rod supporting portion eat into the rod.

Abstract: The present invention provides surgical retractors that can prevent their own arms and handle portions from being raised even when a deep portion of a surgical incision needs to be held open. The surgical retractors are provided with a pair of arms which are openable and closable via a hinge portion and include a blade for spreading and holding an incision open at an extremity portion of the arms and a pair of handles for performing an open and close operation of said pair of arms, the handles being provided on said arms respectively. At the extremity portion of each arm is provided a bent arm portion that bends downward in relation to the arm. A bend line L, formed at the extremity portion of said blade provided at the extremity portion of the bent arm portion, is substantially parallel with said arm when seen from a lateral side.

Abstract: A rod connector 1 is provided with a rod supporting portion 9 in a part of a connector main body 11 supported to a leading end of a shank portion 3. A rod pressing portion 15 is provided in a side opposing to the rod supporting portion 9, and a rod 7 is clamped and fixed by the rod pressing portion 15 and the rod supporting portion 9. At this time, small convex portions 25 provided in the rod supporting portion eat into the rod 7.

Abstract: A vertebra body plate 1 is comprised of a main body portion 3 having an approximately point symmetric shape around a point O in which a first diagonal line M connecting a pair of acute angle portions A, C′ having acute angles opposing to each other, crosses a second diagonal line N connecting a pair of obtuse angle portions B, D′ having obtuse angles opposing to each other, a pair of screw insertion holes 9 provided on or near the first diagonal line M of the main body portion 3, and two spike 7 provided on each of the first diagonal line M and the second diagonal line N.

Abstract: The fixing apparatus 1 is comprised of a pressure fixing device 13 for freely pressure fixing the rod portion 7R to a circular arc rod engagement portion 9 freely engaging with the rod portion 7R, and small protruding portions 15, 15 eating into the rod portion 7R and having an acute angle in both end sides of the rod engagement portion 9 outside the pressure fixing device 13. Further, a recess surface 9A of the rod engagement portion 9 between the small protruding portions 15, 15 provided in the rod engagement portion 9 is formed as a rough surface.

Abstract: A bonesetting connecting member (1, 17, 19, 21) having an end area supported by a bonesetting tool (5) appropriately mounted to a vertebra (3), thereby connecting the vertebra (3), comprises a polygonal tool engaging portion (11) provided on a body of the bonesetting connecting member (1, 17, 19, 21), and a tool restricting portion (13) for preventing a tool from moving toward opposite sides of the tool engaging portion (11).

Abstract: Bone connecting tool for interconnecting vertebral bodies. The bone connecting tool includes a rod member having a first hook portion. A rod engaging member is fixed to the rod member having a second hook portion. A projection portion for eating into an arch of vertebrae is provided in the second hook portion.

Abstract: A bonesetting connecting member (1, 17, 19, 21) having an end area supported by a bonesetting tool (5) appropriately mounted to a vertebra (3), thereby connecting the vertebra (3), comprises a polygonal tool engaging portion (11) provided on a body of the bonesetting connecting member (1, 17, 19, 21), and a tool restricting portion (13) for preventing a tool from moving toward opposite sides of the tool engaging portion (11).

Abstract: In a bone connecting tool comprising a rod connecting member 5 attachable to an arch of vertebrae 3 in a corpus vertebrae 1, and a rod member 9 having a rod portion 7 freely fixed to the rod connecting member 5, wherein a projection portion 23 for eating into the arch of vertebrae 3 is provided in a second hook portion 13 provided in the rod connecting member 5, the rod member 9 is provided with a processus spinosus 27 in the corpus vertebrae 1 or a first hook portion 25 freely hooked to the arch of vertebrae 3 in one end portion thereof, and a projection portion 29 for eating into the processus spinosus 27 or the arch of vertebrae 3 is provided in the first hook portion 25 The rod member 9 and 31 are formed in a substantially J shape or a substantially V shape, and a projection portion 37 eating into the processes spinosus 27 is provided inside a bent portion 35.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition and an agent that can be used for treatment of epidurally migrating herniated intervertebral disc are provided. The composition comprises a glycosaminoglycan degrading enzyme, preferably chondroitinase, more preferably chondroitinase ABC, in an amount effective to dissolve nucleus pulposus epidurally existing.