Abstract: A gold alloy and a method for producing the gold alloy. The gold alloy includes: gold; and an Au—X-RE-based hypermaterial represented by a compositional formula AU100-(a+b)XaREb, wherein, in the compositional formula, X represents at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, and Sn; RE represents a rare-earth element; and a and b respectively represent a content of X and a content of RE, expressed in at %, and satisfy the following (1) and (2): 10?a?40 (1); and 13?b?17 (2), wherein the Au—X-RE-based hypermaterial is dispersed in a gold matrix phase.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus for converting an AC voltage supplied from a power supply to a DC voltage includes a rectification circuit, a smoothing capacitor, a transformer, a voltage dividing circuit, and controller. The AC voltage is rectified by the rectification circuit and smoothed by the smoothing capacitor. The switching circuit switches between a first state in which the smoothed voltage is supplied to a first winding of the transformer and a second state in which the smoothed voltage is not supplied to the first winding. The voltage dividing circuit divides the smoothed voltage to a divided voltage by a ratio which depends on whether the AC voltage is being input to the power supply apparatus, and the divided voltage is applied to the controller. The controller controls the switching of the switching circuit according to the divided voltage applied from the voltage dividing circuit.

Abstract: A shunt resistor is connected in series to a load. A differential amplifier circuit are inputted a first voltage that is generated at one end of the shunt resistor and a second voltage that is generated at the other end of the shunt resistor. The differential amplifier circuit outputs a third voltage equivalent to a sum of a reference voltage and a voltage obtained by performing differential amplification on the first voltage and the second voltage. A conversion circuit outputs the voltage obtained by performing differential amplification on the first voltage and the second voltage by removing the reference voltage from the third voltage. The voltage is proportional to a load current.

Abstract: A first power supply circuit supplies power to a load. A second power supply circuit connected to the first power supply circuit in parallel supplies power to the load together with the first power supply circuit. A monitoring unit monitors a current flowing from the first power supply circuit to the load. A switch disconnects the second power supply circuit and the load when a current flowing from the first power supply circuit to the load has not reached a predetermined value and connects the second power supply circuit and the load when a current flowing from the first power supply circuit to the load has reached a predetermined value.

Abstract: A first surge absorber has a low resistance when a surge voltage which is greater than or equal to a first operating voltage is applied to a power supply line, and has a high resistance when the surge voltage which is greater than or equal to the first operating voltage is not applied. A detector outputs a detection signal indicating that the surge voltage is greater than or equal to the first operating voltage when the surge voltage is greater than or equal to the first operating voltage. A second surge absorber becomes a low resistance when a surge voltage greater than or equal to a second operating voltage is applied, and becomes a high resistance when a surge voltage greater than or equal to the second operating voltage is not applied.

Abstract: A target steering angle determining section determines a target steering angle based on the operation amount of the steering gear. A target angle setting section sets a target angle of a steered wheel. A control state switching section switches between an enabled state in which steering control is performed to deflect the steered wheel such that an actual steering angle reaches the target angle and a disabled state in which the steering control is not performed. When the steering control state is switched to the enabled state, the target angle setting section sets the target angle to an angle that was brought closer to the actual steering angle from the target steering angle. After the steering control state is switched to the enabled state, the target angle setting section brings the target angle closer to the target steering angle as time passes.

Abstract: A shunt resistor is connected in series to a load. A differential amplifier circuit are inputted a first voltage that is generated at one end of the shunt resistor and a second voltage that is generated at the other end of the shunt resistor. The differential amplifier circuit outputs a third voltage equivalent to a sum of a reference voltage and a voltage obtained by performing differential amplification on the first voltage and the second voltage. A conversion circuit outputs the voltage obtained by performing differential amplification on the first voltage and the second voltage by removing the reference voltage from the third voltage. The voltage is proportional to a load current.

Abstract: A first power supply circuit supplies power to a load. A second power supply circuit connected to the first power supply circuit in parallel supplies power to the load together with the first power supply circuit. A monitoring unit monitors a current flowing from the first power supply circuit to the load. A switch disconnects the second power supply circuit and the load when a current flowing from the first power supply circuit to the load has not reached a predetermined value and connects the second power supply circuit and the load when a current flowing from the first power supply circuit to the load has reached a predetermined value.

Abstract: A first surge absorber has a low resistance when a surge voltage which is greater than or equal to a first operating voltage is applied to a power supply line, and has a high resistance when the surge voltage which is greater than or equal to the first operating voltage is not applied. A detector outputs a detection signal indicating that the surge voltage is greater than or equal to the first operating voltage when the surge voltage is greater than or equal to the first operating voltage. A second surge absorber becomes a low resistance when a surge voltage greater than or equal to a second operating voltage is applied, and becomes a high resistance when a surge voltage greater than or equal to the second operating voltage is not applied.

Abstract: A target steering angle determining section determines a target steering angle based on the operation amount of the steering gear. A target angle setting section sets a target angle of a steered wheel. A control state switching section switches between an enabled state in which steering control is performed to deflect the steered wheel such that an actual steering angle reaches the target angle and a disabled state in which the steering control is not performed. When the steering control state is switched to the enabled state, the target angle setting section sets the target angle to an angle that was brought closer to the actual steering angle from the target steering angle. After the steering control state is switched to the enabled state, the target angle setting section brings the target angle closer to the target steering angle as time passes.

Abstract: A control device 20 for an aircraft steering apparatus controls an aircraft steering apparatus 1 comprising an operation unit including rudder pedals 4, a main pilot steering handle 2 and a co-pilot steering handle 3 which are provided in a cockpit of an aircraft, and an actuator 6 driven in accordance with an operation amount output from the operation unit for driving and steering at least a steered wheel 5, and the control device 20 includes a switching control unit 22 exclusively switches, based on instruction input from at least one of a main pilot and a co-pilot, which of operation amounts corresponding to operation of the rudder pedals 4, the main pilot steering handle 2 and the co-pilot steering handle 3 is used for driving the actuator 6.

Abstract: A control device 20 for an aircraft steering apparatus controls an aircraft steering apparatus 1 comprising an operation unit including rudder pedals 4, a main pilot steering handle 2 and a co-pilot steering handle 3 which are provided in a cockpit of an aircraft, and an actuator 6 driven in accordance with an operation amount output from the operation unit for driving and steering at least a steered wheel 5, and the control device 20 includes a switching control unit 22 exclusively switches, based on instruction input from at least one of a main pilot and a co-pilot, which of operation amounts corresponding to operation of the rudder pedals 4, the main pilot steering handle 2 and the co-pilot steering handle 3 is used for driving the actuator 6.

Abstract: A steering control equipment has a controller having a provisional-target-angular-position calculating section calculating a provisional target angular position of a steering mechanism corresponding to the operation amounts of a steering handle and rudder pedals, a speed setting section setting the aircraft speed on the basis of detected ground speed and airspeed, a target-angular-position limiting section outputting the provisional target angular position as a final target angular position when the calculated provisional target angular position is equal to or lower than a limit value corresponding to the set speed and outputting the limit value as a final target angular position when the calculated provisional target angular position is larger than the limit value, and a actuating control section controlling an actuating mechanism for actuating the steering mechanism so that the output final target angular position and the actual angular position of the steering mechanism detected coincide with each other.

Abstract: A steering control equipment has a controller having a provisional-target-angular-position calculating section calculating a provisional target angular position of a steering mechanism corresponding to the operation amounts of a steering handle and rudder pedals, a speed setting section setting the aircraft speed on the basis of detected ground speed and airspeed, a target-angular-position limiting section outputting the provisional target angular position as a final target angular position when the calculated provisional target angular position is equal to or lower than a limit value corresponding to the set speed and outputting the limit value as a final target angular position when the calculated provisional target angular position is larger than the limit value, and a actuating control section controlling an actuating mechanism for actuating the steering mechanism so that the output final target angular position and the actual angular position of the steering mechanism detected coincide with each other.

Abstract: A power plant, including an internal combustion engine, a fuel conversion device that coverts a fuel to be supplied to the internal combustion engine from a before-conversion fuel to an after-conversion fuel, a first fuel supply device that supplies the fuel conversion device with the before-conversion fuel, a second fuel supply device that supplies the internal combustion engine with the after-conversion fuel, the after-conversion fuel being the fuel that has been converted by the fuel conversion device, and a controller that is communicated with the internal combustion engine, the fuel conversion device, the first fuel supply device and the second fuel supply device.

Abstract: A power plant, including an internal combustion engine, a fuel conversion device that coverts a fuel to be supplied to the internal combustion engine from a before-conversion fuel to an after-conversion fuel, a first fuel supply device that supplies the fuel conversion device with the before-conversion fuel, a second fuel supply device that supplies the internal combustion engine with the after-conversion fuel, the after-conversion fuel being the fuel that has been converted by the fuel conversion device, and a controller that is communicated with the internal combustion engine, the fuel conversion device, the first fuel supply device and the second fuel supply device.

Abstract: An intake valve control system for an internal combustion engine includes a first valve control mechanism for varying an actual operation angle of an intake valve, a second valve control mechanism for varying an actual maximum lift phase of the intake valve and a control unit that operates the first and second valve control mechanisms to adjust an intake air amount by controlling the operation angle predominantly in a low-intake range and controlling the maximum lift phase predominantly in a high-intake range. The control unit is configured to calculate a target operation angle and a target maximum lift phase according to engine operating conditions so that the actual operation angle and maximum lift phase are controlled to the target operation angle and maximum lift phase, respectively, and correct the target operation angle in a transient operating state where the actual maximum lift phase deviates from the target maximum lift phase.

Abstract: In intake air control apparatus and method for an internal combustion engine, a target angle calculating section calculates a target angle of one of first and second variably operated valve mechanisms from a target load in accordance with an accelerator opening angle and a present engine speed, a variably operated valve mechanism actual angle outputting section derives and outputs an actual angle of the one of the first and second variably operated valve mechanisms which is varied toward the target angle, and another target angle calculating section calculates another target angle of the other of the first and second variably operated valve mechanisms from a derived and outputted present corresponding variably operated valve mechanism actual angle equivalent value, the present engine speed, and the target load on the basis of a known relationship among four of the working angle, the central angle, the engine speed, and a load.

Abstract: In intake air control apparatus and method for an internal combustion engine, a target angle calculating section calculates a target angle of one of first and second variably operated valve mechanisms from a target load in accordance with an accelerator opening angle and a present engine speed, a variably operated valve mechanism actual angle outputting section derives and outputs an actual angle of the one of the first and second variably operated valve mechanisms which is varied toward the target angle, and another target angle calculating section calculates another target angle of the other of the first and second variably operated valve mechanisms from a derived and outputted present corresponding variably operated valve mechanism actual angle equivalent value, the present engine speed, and the target load on the basis of a known relationship among four of the working angle, the central angle, the engine speed, and a load.

Abstract: An intake valve control system for an internal combustion engine includes a first valve control mechanism for varying an actual operation angle of an intake valve, a second valve control mechanism for varying an actual maximum lift phase of the intake valve and a control unit that operates the first and second valve control mechanisms to adjust an intake air amount by controlling the operation angle predominantly in a low-intake range and controlling the maximum lift phase predominantly in a high-intake range. The control unit is configured to calculate a target operation angle and a target maximum lift phase according to engine operating conditions so that the actual operation angle and maximum lift phase are controlled to the target operation angle and maximum lift phase, respectively, and correct the target operation angle in a transient operating state where the actual maximum lift phase deviates from the target maximum lift phase.