Abstract: Provided are an abrasive, a polishing composition, and a polishing method capable of polishing the surface of an alloy or metal oxide at a sufficient polishing removal rate and providing a high-quality mirror surface. The abrasive contains alumina having an ?-conversion rate of 80% or more and having a 50% particle diameter, in a volume-based cumulative particle diameter distribution, of 0.15 ?m or more to 0.35 ?m or less. The polishing composition contains this abrasive and has a pH of 7 or less. These abrasive and polishing composition are used for polishing polishing objects containing at least one of an alloy and a metal oxide.

Abstract: To provide a polishing pad capable of sufficiently polishing, in polishing of an object to be polished having at least one of a projection portion and a recessed portion on the surface, a portion near the projection portion or the inner surface of the recessed portion of the surface of the object to be polished. The polishing pad has a piloerection portion (1) in which a plurality of fibers (12) having a length of 2 mm or more are raised on the surface of a base (11), in which the mass of the fibers (12) is 250 g/m2 or more. The polishing pad is used for polishing an object to be polished (2) containing metal, an alloy, or a metal oxide material and having at least one of a projection portion (21) and a recessed portion (22) on the surface.

Abstract: Provided is a polishing composition that is produced at low cost and can impart high-grade mirror finishing to ceramic. The polishing composition includes abrasives, has a pH of 6.0 or more to 9.0 or less, and is used for polishing ceramic.

Abstract: Provided are an abrasive, a polishing composition, and a polishing method capable of polishing the surface of an alloy or metal oxide at a sufficient polishing removal rate and providing a high-quality mirror surface. The abrasive contains alumina having an ?-conversion rate of 80% or more and having a 50% particle diameter, in a volume-based cumulative particle diameter distribution, of 0.15 ?m or more to 0.35 ?m or less. The polishing composition contains this abrasive and has a pH of 7 or less. These abrasive and polishing composition are used for polishing polishing objects containing at least one of an alloy and a metal oxide.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nonaqueous secondary battery includes: constructing a battery assembly with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing an unsaturated carbonate; activating the battery assembly to decompose a portion of the unsaturated carbonate such that a percentage of the unsaturated carbonate is adjusted to be 0.9 mass % or less with respect to 100 mass % of a total amount of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution; self-discharging the battery assembly to measure a voltage drop amount; and determining whether internal short-circuit occurs in the battery assembly based on the voltage drop amount.

Abstract: There is provided a polishing pad that ensures sufficiently performing polishing up to a part near a projection portion and an inner surface of a recessed portion in a surface of an object to be polished in polishing the object to be polished having a surface with at least one of the projection portion and the recessed portion. The polishing pad includes a napped part (1) where a plurality of fibers (12) with a length of 3 mm or more are napped on a surface of a base portion (11). A count of the fibers (12) is 10000 pieces/cm2 or more.

Abstract: To provide a polishing pad capable of sufficiently polishing, in polishing of an object to be polished having at least one of a projection portion and a recessed portion on the surface, a portion near the projection portion or the inner surface of the recessed portion of the surface of the object to be polished. The polishing pad has a piloerection portion (1) in which a plurality of fibers (12) having a length of 2 mm or more are raised on the surface of a base (11), in which the mass of the fibers (12) is 250 g/m2 or more. The polishing pad is used for polishing an object to be polished (2) containing metal, an alloy, or a metal oxide material and having at least one of a projection portion (21) and a recessed portion (22) on the surface.

Abstract: Provided is a polishing composition that is produced at low cost and can impart high-grade mirror finishing to ceramic. The polishing composition includes abrasives, has a pH of 6.0 or more to 9.0 or less, and is used for polishing ceramic.

Abstract: Provided is a polishing composition that is produced at low cost and can impart high-grade mirror finishing to ceramic. The polishing composition includes abrasives made of carbide, and is used for polishing ceramic.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nonaqueous secondary battery includes: constructing a battery assembly with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing an unsaturated carbonate; activating the battery assembly to decompose a portion of the unsaturated carbonate such that a percentage of the unsaturated carbonate is adjusted to be 0.9 mass % or less with respect to 100 mass % of a total amount of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution; self-discharging the battery assembly to measure a voltage drop amount; and determining whether internal short-circuit occurs in the battery assembly based on the voltage drop amount.

Abstract: A cleaning agent for an alloy material is provided. The cleaning agent has a pH in a range between 1.5 and 4, inclusive, and contains an anionic surfactant having an SO3M group (where M represents a counter ion). It is preferable that the cleaning agent for an alloy material further contains an organic acid. A method for producing an alloy material is also provided. The method includes a step for cleaning the alloy material using the cleaning agent for an alloy material.

Abstract: In a control device for a hydraulic actuator, one end of an oil passage that is provided through a connecting rod, a crankshaft and a crankcase supporting the crankshaft is connected to a hydraulic chamber of a hydraulic actuator provided in a piston connected to the crankshaft via the connecting rod with the other end of the oil passage being connected to an oil reservoir and a hydraulic pressure source via a main switching valve. An auxiliary switching valve is provided in the connecting rod. The auxiliary switching valve causes a downstream side of the oil passage that leads to the hydraulic chamber to open into the crankcase when the main switching valve allows the oil passage to communicate with the oil reservoir.

Abstract: In a control device for a hydraulic actuator, one end of an oil passage that is provided through a connecting rod, a crankshaft and a crankcase supporting the crankshaft is connected to a hydraulic chamber of a hydraulic actuator provided in a piston connected to the crankshaft via the connecting rod with the other end of the oil passage being connected to an oil reservoir and a hydraulic pressure source via a main switching valve. An auxiliary switching valve is provided in the connecting rod. The auxiliary switching valve causes a downstream side of the oil passage that leads to the hydraulic chamber to open into the crankcase when the main switching valve allows the oil passage to communicate with the oil reservoir.

Abstract: A Rankine cycle system includes an evaporator for heating water with thermal energy of exhaust gas of an engine so as to generate steam, an expander for converting the thermal energy of the steam generated by the evaporator into mechanical energy and a temperature controller for making the temperature of the steam supplied from the evaporator to the expander coincide with a target temperature. The temperature controller includes a water supply amount controller for manipulating the amount of water supplied to the evaporator and a water injection quantity controller for supplying water to the exhaust gas upstream of the evaporator during an expansion stroke or an exhaust stroke of the engine, when the thermal energy of exhaust gas changes suddenly accompanying a change in the load of the engine and the temperature of the steam cannot be controlled at the target temperature by supply of water to the evaporator.

Abstract: Provided is an optical recording medium comprising at least a recording layer, a metal reflective layer, a protective layer and a printing layer laminated on a transparent substrate, wherein the printing layer is obtained by curing a UV-curing ink composition and said ink composition contains a compound which has a solubility parameter falling in the range of 7 to 10 and which takes no part in UV curing and does not react with other components contained therein.