Abstract: There is provided a controller configured to carry out at least one of first control and second control, in cases where the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined operating state in which the EGR valve is caused to be fully closed, the first control being that an amount of fuel to be injected into an intake passage is made smaller, and an amount of fuel to be injected into a cylinder is made larger, in the presence of the abnormality of the EGR valve being not fully closed than in the absence of the abnormality, and the second control being that a pressure of fuel to be injected into the cylinder is made higher in the presence of the abnormality of the EGR valve being not fully closed than in the absence of the abnormality.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic-organic hybrid material which comprises an inorganic component and an organic component, has a content of the inorganic component of 20-80% by mass, and has a refractive index of 1.60 or higher, wherein, when preparing a strip specimen having a thickness of 1,000 ?m, a width of 5 mm and a length of 70 mm by using the inorganic-organic hybrid material and winding the specimen by 180° on a cylindrical metal rod having a diameter of 10 mm at 25° C., the specimen does not crack.

Abstract: There is provided a controller configured to carry out at least one of first control and second control, in cases where the internal combustion engine is in a predetermined operating state in which the EGR valve is caused to be fully closed, the first control being that an amount of fuel to be injected into an intake passage is made smaller, and an amount of fuel to be injected into a cylinder is made larger, in the presence of the abnormality of the EGR valve being not fully closed than in the absence of the abnormality, and the second control being that a pressure of fuel to be injected into the cylinder is made higher in the presence of the abnormality of the EGR valve being not fully closed than in the absence of the abnormality.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes fuel injection valves and an ECU. In the internal combustion unit, predetermined injection is performed when the bed temperature of a catalyst is lower that a predetermined temperature. In the predetermined injection, fuel is injected from a first fuel injection valve, from among the fuel injection valves, within the valve opening period of an intake valve, and fuel is injected from a second fuel injection valve, from among the fuel injection valves, within the valve opening period of an exhaust valve. In the internal combustion engine, a first injection amount is specifically injected from the first fuel injection valve in the predetermined injection.

Abstract: A fuel injection control device sets an injection sharing ratio of a quantity of a fuel injected in an intake stroke, and a quantity of a fuel injected in a compression stroke, based on an operating state or an environmental condition of the engine, and manipulates the cylinder fuel injection device so as to inject a part or all of a required fuel in the intake stroke and inject a remaining part in the compression stroke, in accordance with the set injection sharing ratio. The injection sharing ratio is set so as to make a proportion of the quantity of the fuel which is injected in the intake stroke larger when a temperature of air which is taken into a cylinder is higher than a fuel which is injected from the cylinder fuel injection device, as compared to when the temperature of the air is lower than the fuel.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided in which a prescribed amount of fuel is injected over a predetermined period until an air-fuel ratio sensor is activated when fuel cut control of the internal combustion engine is stopped to resume normal engine operation. If an EGR gas is inducted immediately before the fuel cut control is started, the prescribed amount is reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic-organic hybrid material which comprises an inorganic component and an organic component, has a content of the inorganic component of 20-80% by mass, and has a refractive index of 1.60 or higher, wherein, when preparing a strip specimen having a thickness of 1,000 ?m, a width of 5 mm and a length of 70 mm by using the inorganic-organic hybrid material and winding the specimen by 180° on a cylindrical metal rod having a diameter of 10 mm at 25° C., the specimen does not crack.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes fuel injection valves and an ECU. In the internal combustion unit, predetermined injection is performed when the bed temperature of a catalyst is lower that a predetermined temperature. In the predetermined injection, fuel is injected from a first fuel injection valve, from among the fuel injection valves, within the valve opening period of an intake valve, and fuel is injected from a second fuel injection valve, from among the fuel injection valves, within the valve opening period of an exhaust valve. In the internal combustion engine, a first injection amount is specifically injected from the first fuel injection valve in the predetermined injection.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic-organic hybrid material which comprises an inorganic component and an organic component, has a content of the inorganic component of 20-80% by mass, and has a refractive index of 1.60 or higher, wherein, when preparing a strip specimen having a thickness of 1,000 ?m, a width of 5 mm and a length of 70 mm by using the inorganic-organic hybrid material and winding the specimen by 180° on a cylindrical metal rod having a diameter of 10 mm at 25° C., the specimen does not crack.

Abstract: A method for charging with liquefied ammonia comprising sequentially a feeding step of feeding gaseous ammonia in a condenser, a liquefaction step of converting the gaseous ammonia into a liquefied ammonia in the condenser, and a charging step of feeding the liquefied ammonia formed in the condenser to a vessel to thereby charge the vessel with the liquefied ammonia wherein a cooling step of feeding the liquefied ammonia formed in the condenser to the vessel and cooling the vessel by the latent heat of vaporization of the liquefied ammonia and a circulation step of feeding the gaseous ammonia formed through vaporization of the liquefied ammonia in the previous cooling step to the condenser are carried out between the liquefaction step and the charging step.

Abstract: A control device for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine executes feedback control such that an air-fuel ratio detected by an air-fuel ratio detecting unit becomes a target air-fuel ratio, carries out external EGR, and, when an abnormal deviation that an air-fuel ratio of at least any one of cylinders deviates from the target air-fuel ratio has occurred during the feedback control, detects the abnormal deviation and an abnormal cylinder. When the abnormal deviation has been detected during feedback control and external EGR, the control device corrects the target air-fuel ratio to compensate for a detection error of the air-fuel ratio detecting unit due to the influence of specific components of exhaust gas. The control device changes the correction mode on the basis of whether the abnormal cylinder causes more intensive gas flow or equal or less intensive gas flow against the air-fuel ratio detecting unit than the other cylinders.

Abstract: With a control apparatus of a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine, external EGR that circulates exhaust gas in an exhaust passage to an intake passage is executed, and an air-fuel ratio is feedback-controlled such that an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas comes to match a predetermined target air-fuel ratio. When a rich deviation in which the air-fuel ratio of a portion of cylinders is off to a rich side from the target air-fuel ratio is detected, a parameter indicative of an amount of the rich deviation is calculated. The target air-fuel ratio is corrected to the rich side according to the calculated parameter. A value of a parameter at which the rich correction is started is changed according to whether external EGR is being executed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to obtain a merit by intake stroke injection in a wider operation range while efficiently exploiting a merit of compression stroke injection in an internal combustion engine having a cylinder fuel injection device. For this purpose, a fuel injection control device provided by the present invention sets an injection sharing ratio of a quantity of a fuel which is injected in an intake stroke, and a quantity of a fuel which is injected in a compression stroke, in accordance with an operating state or an environmental condition of the internal combustion engine, and manipulates the cylinder fuel injection device so as to inject a part or all of a required fuel in the intake stroke and inject a remaining part in the compression stroke, in accordance with the set injection sharing ratio.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic-organic hybrid material which comprises an inorganic component and an organic component, has a content of the inorganic component of 20-80% by mass, and has a refractive index of 1.60 or higher, wherein, when preparing a strip specimen having a thickness of 1,000 ?m, a width of 5 mm and a length of 70 mm by using the inorganic-organic hybrid material and winding the specimen by 180° on a cylindrical metal rod having a diameter of 10 mm at 25° C., the specimen does not crack.

Abstract: A control device for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine executes feedback control such that an air-fuel ratio detected by an air-fuel ratio detecting unit becomes a target air-fuel ratio, carries out external EGR, and, when an abnormal deviation that an air-fuel ratio of at least any one of cylinders deviates from the target air-fuel ratio has occurred during the feedback control, detects the abnormal deviation and an abnormal cylinder. When the abnormal deviation has been detected during feedback control and external EGR, the control device corrects the target air-fuel ratio to compensate for a detection error of the air-fuel ratio detecting unit due to the influence of specific components of exhaust gas. The control device changes the correction mode on the basis of whether the abnormal cylinder causes more intensive gas flow or equal or less intensive gas flow against the air-fuel ratio detecting unit than the other cylinders.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control apparatus includes a fuel supplying mechanism supplying fuel to the internal combustion engine; an exhaust gas recirculating mechanism recirculating exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to an intake side of the internal combustion engine; a flow adjuster selectively increasing and decreasing a strength of flow of the supplied fuel and the recirculated exhaust gas in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine; a stop controller controlling the fuel supplying mechanism to stop the supply of fuel and controlling the exhaust gas recirculating mechanism to stop the recirculation of exhaust gas, when the internal combustion engine is operated in a predetermined deceleration mode; and in-cylinder flow controller controlling the flow adjuster to increase the strength of the flow when the control to stop the supply of fuel is cancelled.

Abstract: With a control apparatus of a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine, external EGR that circulates exhaust gas in an exhaust passage to an intake passage is executed, and an air-fuel ratio is feedback-controlled such that an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas comes to match a predetermined target air-fuel ratio. When a rich deviation in which the air-fuel ratio of a portion of cylinders is off to a rich side from the target air-fuel ratio is detected, a parameter indicative of an amount of the rich deviation is calculated. The target air-fuel ratio is corrected to the rich side according to the calculated parameter. A value of a parameter at which the rich correction is started is changed according to whether external EGR is being executed.

Abstract: A piston (1) includes a cavity (5) defined by a curved recessed portion (5a) formed on a crown surface in a manner such that a surface of the curved recessed portion extends along a tumble flow produced during an intake stroke, and a weakening portion (6) that is disposed in the cavity. The weakening portion, for example, is disposed on the crown surface of the piston (1) so as to occupy the portion of the crown surface that includes substantially a center portion of the piston (1). The weakening portion (6) reduces the strength of tumble flow produced by the gas flowing into a combustion chamber when the intake valves are opened.

Abstract: A method for charging with liquefied ammonia comprising sequentially a feeding step of feeding gaseous ammonia in a condenser, a liquefaction step of converting the gaseous ammonia into a liquefied ammonia in the condenser, and a charging step of feeding the liquefied ammonia formed in the condenser to a vessel to thereby charge the vessel with the liquefied ammonia wherein a cooling step of feeding the liquefied ammonia formed in the condenser to the vessel and cooling the vessel by the latent heat of vaporization of the liquefied ammonia and a circulation step of feeding the gaseous ammonia formed through vaporization of the liquefied ammonia in the previous cooling step to the condenser are carried out between the liquefaction step and the charging step.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided in which a prescribed amount of fuel is injected over a predetermined period until an air-fuel ratio sensor is activated when fuel cut control of the internal combustion engine is stopped to resume normal engine operation. If an EGR gas is inducted immediately before the fuel cut control is started, the prescribed amount is reduced.