Abstract: A first aspect of the present invention is carbon fiber wherein the surface of a monofilament has a center line average roughness Ra of 6.0 nm or more and 13 nm or less, and the monofilament has a long diameter/short diameter ratio of 1.11 or more and 1.245 or less. A second aspect of the present invention is carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber wherein the surface of a monofilament has a center line average roughness Ra of 18 nm or more and 27 nm or less, and the monofilament has a long diameter/short diameter ratio of 1.11 or more and 1.245 or less. The carbon fiber according to the first aspect is obtained by stabilizing and carbonizing under specific conditions the carbon fiber precursor acrylic fiber according to the second aspect.

Abstract: A travel control apparatus is provided with: a speed controller that controls speed of a vehicle having an internal combustion engine; and a determination part that determines an emission deterioration state of the internal combustion engine. The speed controller is configured to execute burn-and-coast control that repeatedly executes burn control in which the vehicle is accelerated by driving force of the internal combustion engine, and coasting control in which the vehicle is driven by inertia, by stopping the generation of the driving force or rotation of the internal combustion engine. The speed controller is configured to execute emission suppression control that suppresses emissions by adjusting the burn-and-coast control when the emission deterioration state of the internal combustion engine is determined by the determination part.

Abstract: A travel control apparatus is provided with: a speed controller that controls speed of a vehicle having an internal combustion engine; and a determination part that determines an emission deterioration state of the internal combustion engine. The speed controller is configured to execute burn-and-coast control that repeatedly executes burn control in which the vehicle is accelerated by driving force of the internal combustion engine, and coasting control in which the vehicle is driven by inertia, by stopping the generation of the driving force or rotation of the internal combustion engine. The speed controller is configured to execute emission suppression control that suppresses emissions by adjusting the burn-and-coast control when the emission deterioration state of the internal combustion engine is determined by the determination part.

Abstract: A travel control device repeats a burn control that accelerates a vehicle at a target acceleration until speed of the vehicle reaches an upper limit speed of a vehicle speed range and a coasting control that makes the vehicle travel by means of inertia until the speed of the vehicle reaches a lower limit speed of the vehicle speed range. Further, a vehicle speed width that is a width of the vehicle speed range and the target acceleration are changed based on calculated travel resistance.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an engine, a first MG, a second MG, a main battery which can be charged and discharged, and a heating device. The heating device includes an exhaust heater which uses an exhaust heat of the engine, and a heat pump system which uses an electric power of the main battery. A hybrid control device determines a start timing of the heating device, based on a coolant temperature and a SOC. Specifically, the start timing of the heating device is determined such that a timing that the coolant temperature reaches a target temperature matches a timing that the SOC reaches a target value. After a warming-up operation is completed, an EV travelling of the vehicle can be executed according to the electric power of the main battery charged in the warming-up operation, and a fuel consumption of the engine is improved.

Abstract: A battery warming-up system includes a main battery, an electric heating portion, and a control device. The main battery is mounted to a vehicle to supply an electric power to drive the vehicle, and is warmed by a heat generation of an inner resistance of the main battery according to an input and output of the electric power. The electric heating portion heats a compartment of the vehicle by using the electric power supplied from the main battery. The control device controls a temperature of the main battery by controlling a power supply from the main battery to the electric heating portion. The output of the main battery is increased by increasing the power supply from the main battery to the electric heating portion, and the main battery can be suitably warmed. Therefore, since a power loss due to a decrease of the inner resistance of the main battery is improved or the battery output becomes sufficient, the driving power of the vehicle can be properly ensured.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an engine, a first MG, a second MG, a main battery which can be charged and discharged, and a heating device. The heating device includes an exhaust heater which uses an exhaust heat of the engine, and a heat pump system which uses an electric power of the main battery. A hybrid control device determines a start timing of the heating device, based on a coolant temperature and a SOC. Specifically, the start timing of the heating device is determined such that a timing that the coolant temperature reaches a target temperature matches a timing that the SOC reaches a target value. After a warming-up operation is completed, an EV travelling of the vehicle can be executed according to the electric power of the main battery charged in the warming-up operation, and a fuel consumption of the engine is improved.