Abstract: A non-catalytic process for producing esters, the process comprising reacting an ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol and removing ammonia from the reaction mixture. Selectivities for the desired ester product can exceed 95 percent.

Abstract: An improved method for detoxifying waste materials contaminated with halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method provides for detoxification of halogenated aromatic compounds by electrophilic aromatic substitution. The method also provides for the dehalogenation of the lower congeners of such halogenated aromatic compounds, as a result of chemical activation via electrophilic aromatic substitution, followed by nucleophilic aromatic dehalogenation. In addition, the method provides for the more complete dehalogenation of mixtures of halogenated aromatic compounds that contain both higher and lower congeners by increasing the efficiency of dehalogenation of the lower congeners.

Abstract: Metal complexes and especially nickel EDTA is decomposed by adding an oxidizing agent to an aqueous solution containing metal complexes to define an oxidizable aqueous solution. The oxidizable aqueous solution is then exposed to a source of ultraviolet radiation in the range of from 185-300 nanometers for a period of time sufficient to destroy the complex portion of the metal complex. The remaining metal is recovered.

Abstract: An improved method for detoxifying waste materials contaminated with halogenated hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method achieves dehalogenation of such halogenated hydrocarbons in a manner as efficient as previous methods, but at a considerably lower cost. The economic advantages of the present invention arise from the use of lower temperatures and/or smaller quantities of reagents, which in turn are made possible by the discovery of a surprisingly superior reagent, 2-methoxyethanol.

Abstract: An improved method for detoxifying waste materials contaminated with halogenated hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method achieves dehalogenation of such halogenated hydrocarbons in a manner as efficient as previous methods, but at a considerably lower cost. The economic advantages of the present invention arise from the use of lower temperatures and/or smaller quantities of reagents, which in turn is made possible by the discovery of a surprisingly superior reagent, 2-methoxyethanol, and superior catalysts, the crown ethers, which allow reagents other than 2-methoxyethanol to function very efficiently in dehalogenation reactions.

Abstract: An improved method for detoxifying waste materials contaminated with halogenated hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method achieves dehalogenation of such halogenated hydrocarbons in a manner as efficient as previous methods, but at a considerably lower cost. The economic advantages of the present invention arise from the use of lower temperatures and/or smaller quantities of reagents, which in turn are made possible by the discovery of a surprisingly superior reagent, 2-methoxyethanol.

Abstract: A process for removing metal salts from an H.sub.4 EDTA precipitate by esterification with an esterification reagent to produce an esterification mixture comprising a solid metal salt an EDTA ester and thereafter separating the solid metal salt from the esterification mixture.

Abstract: A composition is provided which comprises a carrier medium and a spirodiphosphate described by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X and X' are independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur; and Z and Z' are independently selected from the group consisting of organic moieties attached to phosphorus through one of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and carbon.

Abstract: A composition, useful as an extreme pressure additive is provided wherein the composition comprises an aminocarboxylic acid-terminated polyoxyalkylene, wherein the polyoxyalkylene has at least seven oxyalkylene units.

Abstract: A spirodiphosphoamidate-type composition is provided, wherein the composition is represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein A and A' are independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur; R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic, oxyaliphatic, polyoxyaliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic moieties; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.13 and larger aliphatic, oxyaliphatic, polyoxyaliphatic and aliphatic substituted aryl groups.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition is provided which comprises a polyimide with an effective amount of an alpha-hydroxyketone such as benzoin to prevent discoloration on thermal processing.

Abstract: An extreme pressure composition is provided wherein the composition comprises a carrier medium and an aminocarboxylic acid-terminated polyoxyalkylene having at least four oxyalkylene units.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition is provided which comprises a polyphenylene ether such as the copolymer of 2,6-dimethylphenol with 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, with an effective amount of an alpha-hydroxyketone such as benzoin to prevent discoloration on thermal processing.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyvalent metal and amine salts of the indicated phosphorinane (an acid). The salts are isolated as such and are effective, in small proportions, to impart flame-retardant properties to polymers, especially to polypropylene and to styrenic polymers such as polystyrene, ABS and MBS.

Abstract: The di-ester of beta-pentabromophenoxyethanol and succinic acid, bis(beta-pentabromophenoxyethyl) succinate, is prepared by mono-ethoxylating pentabromophenol with ethylene oxide, then esterifying the resulting pentabromophenoxyethanol with succinic acid. The di-ester is a flame retardant for ABS.

Abstract: A flame-retarded polymer composition wherein the polymer constituent is an olefin polymer, a polymethyl acrylate or methacrylate, or polystyrene. The polymer is rendered flame-retardant by the presence of an amino-s-triazine salt of bis-(pentaerythritol phosphate) phosphoric acid.

Abstract: Amino-s-triazine salts of bis-(pentaerythritol phosphate) phosphoric acid. The salts are effective flame-retardant additives in a number of different types of polymers.

Abstract: A process for preparing amino-s-triazine salts of bis-(pentaerythritol phosphate) phosphoric acid. The process involves reacting the particular amine with the corresponding acid chloride, i.e., the phosphorous oxychloride, in the presence of water. The salts are effective flame-retardants in a number of different types of polymers.

Abstract: Compositions comprising ABS and bis(beta-pentabromophenoxyethyl) succinate have good flame retardance and are self-extinguishing in the UL-94 vertical burn test. The compositions may be further compounded with a conventional synergist such as antimony oxide.

Abstract: Polymer compositions containing minor proportions of polyvalent metal or amine salts of 5,5-bis-(bromomethyl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane. Aluminum, calcium and melamine salts are preferred.