Abstract: A touch typing emulator to be placed on any flat surface is made from as few as two acoustic sensors connected by a wire that determines the separation between the sensors and is connected by a USB cable to a computer. The emulator receives two waves from each finger tap on the surface, a higher velocity wave and a lesser velocity wave. By affixing the sensors to a surface, the sensors, in connection with software in a computer receiving the USB connection, determines the location of the tapping of a users fingers on the surface and uses that information to emulate a typewriter keyboard.

Abstract: The data scrambler converts the original data files into the converted data files, respectively, while keeping the output produced by the receiver unchanged. The conversion may comprise dummy insertion, logical structure changing, tag name changing, element order changing, and value unit changing. If the input data files are XML and XSL files, each step also produces XML and XSL files. However, the produced files contain different data from the input XML and XSL files.

Abstract: The data scrambler converts the original data files into the converted data files, respectively, while keeping the output produced by the receiver unchanged. The conversion may comprise dummy insertion, logical structure changing, tag name changing, element order changing, and value unit changing. If the input data files are XML and XSL files, each step also produces XML and XSL files. However, the produced files contain different data from the input XML and XSL files.