Abstract: A switch includes a substrate and a microwave line comprising two tracks produced on the substrate, an active zone of the substrate being bounded by the two conductive tracks and connecting the two tracks. The switch comprises a set of at least one DC line, intended to convey a DC current, the DC line comprising two electrodes that are distant from each other and that are connected by a separation zone of the substrate, the separation zone being able to be made conductive when it is illuminated by the optical control beam so as to establish an electrical contact between the two electrodes, the two electrodes being separated by a separation plane of the DC line, the separation plane passing through the centre O and being perpendicular to the plane of the active zone.

Abstract: A switch includes a substrate and a microwave line comprising two tracks produced on the substrate, an active zone of the substrate being bounded by the two conductive tracks and connecting the two tracks. The switch comprises a set of at least one DC line, intended to convey a DC current, the DC line comprising two electrodes that are distant from each other and that are connected by a separation zone of the substrate, the separation zone being able to be made conductive when it is illuminated by the optical control beam so as to establish an electrical contact between the two electrodes, the two electrodes being separated by a separation plane of the DC line, the separation plane passing through the centre O and being perpendicular to the plane of the active zone.

Abstract: A synchronization device which synchronizes signals transmitted from a transmitter to receivers. The transmitter includes a generator for generating a synchronization signal having a recurrence period substantially equal to the minimum resolution of the journey time between the transmitter and the receiver. Each receiver includes a controllable delay for delaying the synchronization signal and a synchronization loop downstream of the delay. The synchronization loop includes a semi-reflecting plate, a correlator and a device for slaving the delay depending on the correlation. A signal received by the receiver is synchronized when the correlation function of the two successive recurrences of the synchronization signal passing through the semi-reflecting plate is at a maximum. The device may be used for accurate synchronization of information distributed from a transmitter to mutually remote receivers, for example for operating complex electromagnetic or optical rigs.

Abstract: To make optimum use of an available volume exhibiting in particular surfaces of small radius of curvature, with a view to housing electronic circuits therein, a stack (11) of layers of possibly different compositions (circuits, components, insulants, etc.) is made, these layers being parallel to the surface of largest dimension of this volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmission or reception device. The device comprises several layers having openings such that the stack thereof produces one or more antennas. Microwave circuits are implanted on internal layers.

Abstract: In a remote identification device, an interrogator sends a microwave signal to a responder, the interrogation wave signal being modulated. At each period of the modulation signal of the interrogation wave signal, the responder accumulates the energy conveyed by this signal, the energy received being converted into supply voltage to be used to encode and transmit a response microwave signal to the interrogator. This may be used for the identification of objects by a radar signal.

Abstract: In an anticollision device, a moving object heading in a given direction along a movement vector and having a relative speed vector directed towards an obstacle is fitted out with at least two antennas sending out a microwave signal liable to be received by the obstacle. The device furthermore comprises reception means and means to analyze the echoes received from the obstacle, the analyzing means determining the variation with respect to time of the angle .theta. between the movement vector and the relative speed vector, a substantially zero variation of the angle .theta. indicating a risk of collision. Application to the equipment of motor vehicles to prevent collisions, notably in the event of poor visibility.

Abstract: The antenna is produced by placing radiating elements (70) in at least one of the spaces occupied by the various vehicle external lights. The radiating elements can be dipoles formed by metallizing the lens (43) which closes the headlight casing (40) and the casing itself can be used to reflect the electromagnetic energy forwards.

Abstract: The wave is modulated in frequency (or in phase) and a measurement is made of the frequency of the beat between the transmitted wave and the received wave which gives the propagation delay and hence the distance. The method provides for the superimposing, on this modulation, of a periodic over-modulation with a period that is equal to or is a multiple of the propagation delay corresponding to a pre-selected expected distance. The device comprises, at transmission, in the case of a linear modulation of frequency, a saw-tooth generator (31) and a generator of over-modulations (32), for example sinusoidal, controlled by the expected distance given by a distance selector (30). The modulation signal of the transmitter is obtained by summation (33) of the signals of the two generators (31, 32).

Abstract: A detection and localization system mounted on an airborne vehicle, and which enables detection of objects having at least one face inclined relative to the surrounding flat horizontal ground and therefore presenting a contrast with this ground. A radar transceiver is connected to an antenna rotating around the airborne vehicle and has a low directivity in a pitch plane and a high directivity in a roll plane, associated with a generator of distance cells. Making use of mathematical relations, an on-board computer, knowing the altitude of the airborne vehicle and the roll angle of the emitted radar wave, localizes the inclined face which produces a much higher reflection of the emitted radar wave than the surrounding ground, to thereby detect the inclined face.

Abstract: The distance between the target and the measurement means is segmented into adjacent distance compartments, the first one of which starts at the zero distance. Each distance compartment has an associated energy level obtained by the demodulation of the delay measurement signal resulting from the product of correlation between the emitted signal and the received signal reflected by the target. The disclosed method consists in creating two distinct aliasings of the spectrum of the signal measurement signal, the energy level of which corresponds to the first distance compartment, these aliasings being achieved on the part of the spectrum corresponding to negative distances. This two distinct aliasings make it possible to obtain two distinct energy levels on the totality of the first distance compartment, and thus enable the measurement of all the distances on this first distance compartment, including the very small distances, even almost zero distances, by comparisons and analyses of the two energy levels.

Abstract: A device automatically measures a distance relative to the longitudinal axis of a runway to be destroyed. This device comprises: a radar transmitter-receiver, at least one depointed antenna, distance-measuring gates, a threshold circuit and a computer circuit.