Abstract: The invention concerns a method for incentivizing management or reduction of emission of one or more pollutants in connection with operation of a pollutant-emitting device, characterized in that the method comprises: transmitting an offset status information signal to at least one information system during operation of a pollutant-emitting device, and causing said at least one information system to indicate, in response to receiving said offset status information signal, whether a pollution-offset procedure has been implemented in a pollutant offset program for offsetting in a certified or certifiable manner at least part of the quantity of pollutant(s) emitted by the device.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for incentivizing management or reduction of emission of one or more pollutants in connection with operation of a pollutant-emitting device, characterized in that the method comprises: transmitting an offset status information signal to at least one information system during operation of a pollutant-emitting device, and causing said at least one information system to indicate, in response to receiving said offset status information signal, whether a pollution-offset procedure has been implemented in a pollutant offset program for offsetting in a certified or certifiable manner at least part of the quantity of pollutant(s) emitted by the device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described regarding creating a portfolio of securities involving a step of maximizing a diversification ratio represented by a quotient having as a numerator a measure of a weighted average risk characteristic of a group of securities and as a denominator a measure of an overall risk characteristic of the portfolio.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention comprises a method comprising: (a) acquiring data regarding a first group of securities in a first portfolio; (b) based on said data and on risk characteristics of said first group of securities, identifying a second group of securities to be included in a second portfolio; and (c) calculating holdings in said second portfolio based on one or more portfolio optimization procedures. In another aspect, the invention comprises software for performing the steps described above (as well as steps of other embodiments), and in another aspect, the invention comprises one or more computer systems operable to perform those steps.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention comprises a method comprising: (a) acquiring data regarding a first group of securities in a first portfolio; (b) based on said data and on risk characteristics of said first group of securities, identifying a second group of securities to be included in a second portfolio; and (c) calculating holdings in said second portfolio based on one or more portfolio optimization procedures. In another aspect, the invention comprises software for performing the steps described above (as well as steps of other embodiments), and in another aspect, the invention comprises one or more computer systems operable to perform those steps.