Abstract: In accordance with at least selected aspects, objects or embodiments, optimized, novel or improved membranes, battery separators, batteries, and/or systems and/or related methods of manufacture, use and/or optimization are provided. In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present invention is related to novel or improved battery separators that prevent dendrite growth, prevent internal shorts due to dendrite growth, or both, batteries incorporating such separators, systems incorporating such batteries, and/or related methods of manufacture, use and/or optimization thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present invention is related to novel or improved ultra thin or super thin membranes or battery separators, and/or lithium primary batteries, cells or packs incorporating such separators, and/or systems incorporating such batteries, cells or packs.

Abstract: A lubricant oil detergent and a producing process thereof are disclosed. A process for producing a lubricant oil additive having a TBN from about 100 to about 400 includes reacting, at an elevated temperature, of composition (A) an alkyl salicylic acid or an alkyl salicylate ester, composition (B) an alkaline earth metal hydroxide added by one time or plural times during the reaction; composition (C) which contains at least one compound which is (i) an alcohol, or (ii) an carboxylic acid or an carboxylic anhydride; composition (D) base oil; and composition (E) carbon dioxide introduced after the composition (B) by one time, or introduced each time when the composition (B) is added if the composition (B) is added by plural times; solvent having a low boiling point is removed from the reacted mixture after the overbasing under vacuum, and the reacted mixture is filtered to obtain a clear liquid product.

Abstract: A lubricant oil detergent and a producing process thereof are disclosed. A process for producing a lubricant oil additive having a TBN from about 100 to about 400 includes reacting, at an elevated temperature, of composition (A) an alkyl salicylic acid or an alkyl salicylate ester, composition (B) an alkaline earth metal hydroxide added by one time or plural times during the reaction; composition (C) which contains at least one compound which is (i) an alcohol, or (ii) an carboxylic acid or an carboxylic anhydride; composition (D) base oil; and composition (E) carbon dioxide introduced after the composition (B) by one time, or introduced each time when the composition (B) is added if the composition (B) is added by plural times; solvent having a low boiling point is removed from the reacted mixture after the overbasing under vacuum, and the reacted mixture is filtered to obtain a clear liquid product.