Abstract: Hybrid electrodes for batteries are disclosed having a protective electrochemically active layer on a metal layer. Other hybrid electrodes include a silicon salt on a metal electrode. The protective layer can be formed directly from the reaction between the metal electrode and a metal salt in a pre-treatment solution and/or from a reaction of the metal salt added in an electrolyte so that the protective layer can be formed in situ during battery formation cycles.

Abstract: Rechargeable batteries are disclosed having a protective membrane layer on surfaces of an electrode such as cathode active material. Such membranes include anionically charged groups and include an anionic membrane or a zwitterionic membrane. Such membranes can minimize contact of electrolyte to the surfaces of the active materials of the cathode where oxidation of electrolyte typically occurs thus promoting thermal stability of the electrolyte especially for high voltage batteries.

Abstract: Rechargeable metal batteries are disclosed having a protective ionic membrane layer on a metal anode. The ionic membrane can be formed from ionomers in the electrolyte including polymerizable ionic liquid monomers or halogenated alkyl anion salts. Such ionic membranes can continuously supply ions near the anode electrode and stabilize the anode metal electrode.

Abstract: A metal-based battery includes at least one metal electrode immersed within an electrolyte that includes: (1) an aprotic solvent; (2) a simple halogen containing material; and (3) optionally a metal salt that includes a complex halogen containing anion. The simple halogen containing material may include a metal halide salt that includes a metal cation selected from the group including but not limited to lithium and sodium metal cations. The metal halide salt may also include a halide anion selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide halide anions. The use of the metal halide salt within the metal-based battery provides enhanced cycling ability within the metal-based battery. Also contemplated are additional simple halogen containing material additives that may enhance cycling performance of a metal-based battery.

Abstract: Hybrid electrodes for batteries are disclosed having a protective electrochemically active layer on a metal layer. Other hybrid electrodes include a silicon salt on a metal electrode. The protective layer can be formed directly from the reaction between the metal electrode and a metal salt in a pre-treatment solution and/or from a reaction of the metal salt added in an electrolyte so that the protective layer can be formed in situ during battery formation cycles.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium metal anode comprising a Langmuir-Blodgett films as an artificial solid electrolyte interface layer, a lithium metal battery comprising the same, and a preparation method thereof. Various ultra-thin film layers made of carbon and ceramic are formed on the surface of the LiM to serve as a stable artificial SEI layer and suppress formation and perforation of lithium dendrite and side reactions.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium metal anode comprising a Langmuir-Blodgett films as an artificial solid electrolyte interface layer, a lithium metal battery comprising the same, and a preparation method thereof. Various ultra-thin film layers made of carbon and ceramic are formed on the surface of the LiM to serve as a stable artificial SEI layer and suppress formation and perforation of lithium dendrite and side reactions.

Abstract: A metal-based battery includes at least one metal electrode immersed within an electrolyte that includes: (1) an aprotic solvent; (2) a simple halogen containing material; and (3) optionally a metal salt that includes a complex halogen containing anion. The simple halogen containing material may include a metal halide salt that includes a metal cation selected from the group including but not limited to lithium and sodium metal cations. The metal halide salt may also include a halide anion selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide halide anions. The use of the metal halide salt within the metal-based battery provides enhanced cycling ability within the metal-based battery. Also contemplated are additional simple halogen containing material additives that may enhance cycling performance of a metal-based battery.

Abstract: A sandwich-type laminated composite for a battery separator that may be infused with a battery electrolyte uses a corer layer comprising a first nanoporous material to which is laminated upon opposite sides a pair of cladding layers comprising a second nanoporous materials different from the first nanoporous material and comprising a polymer material. A particular construction uses a nanoporous alumina core material and a pair of PVDF-FEP cladding layers to provide the sandwich-type laminated composite.