Abstract: Driver with open output protection Starting current for a load driver (200; 300) for driving a load (L) is provided via the load. In a load driver (200; 300) for driving a load (L), an operating current or an operating voltage at a reference point is derived from a power voltage bus (105; 305) by coupling said reference point to said power voltage bus via the load. A load driver (200; 300) for driving a load (L) comprises an output capacitor (125; 325) and two output terminals (128, 129; 328, 329) coupled to the output capacitor. A coupling diode (202; 325) is coupled in forward connection from one output terminal to a terminal of the output buffer capacitor. A startup terminal (111) of a converter circuit (110) is coupled to said one output terminal (129; 329) to receive a startup current (Is) via the driven load if the load is present to conduct this current.

Abstract: Driver with open output protection Starting current for a load driver (200; 300) for driving a load (L) is provided via the load. In a load driver (200; 300) for driving a load (L), an operating current or an operating voltage at a reference point is derived from a power voltage bus (105; 305) by coupling said reference point to said power voltage bus via the load. A load driver (200; 300) for driving a load (L) comprises an output capacitor (125; 325) and two output terminals (128, 129; 328, 329) coupled to the output capacitor. A coupling diode (202; 325) is coupled in forward connection from one output terminal to a terminal of the output buffer capacitor. A startup terminal (111) of a converter circuit (110) is coupled to said one output terminal (129; 329) to receive a startup current (Is)via the driven load if the load is present to conduct this current.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighting device comprising an exit window (30); a plurality of solid state lighting elements (20) arranged in an annular pattern; an optical element (10, 50) for redirecting the luminous output of the solid state lighting elements towards said exit window, the shape of said optical element defining a cavity (15) on a central axis of the lighting device, said cavity being shielded from said luminous output; and a driver circuit (40) for driving at least some of said solid state lighting elements located in said cavity. A luminaire including such a lighting device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) includes a buck and boost conversion circuit (110), and a control unit (120, 200) for controlling operations of the buck and boost converter. The buck and boost converter includes a buck conversion circuit having a first set of switches (SW3, SW4), and a boost conversion circuit having a second set of switches (SW5, SW6). The buck conversion circuit and the boost conversion circuit may be controlled independently from each other. The control unit is configured to control delivery of power from the power converter to a load (20) via the buck conversion circuit in a buck conversion mode by controlling switching operations of the first set of switches, and to control the delivery of the power from the power converter to the load via the boost conversion circuit in a boost conversion mode by controlling switching operations of the second set of switches.

Abstract: A load driver for driving a load and an LED module are disclosed. In one embodiment, the load driver comprises a converter circuit comprising a controllable switching element configured to be turned on and off and to perform power factor correction for power from a power supply to the load, wherein a control terminal of the controllable switching element is configured for receiving a startup current via the two output terminals, the controllable switching element configured to be turned on by the startup current. The converter circuit further comprises a first inductor, coupled to the power supply at a first end, and to ground at a second end via the controllable switching element, wherein a first one of the output terminals connects to a second end of the first inductor via a diode forwarded from the first inductor, a second one of the output terminals is coupled to the first end of the first inductor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighting device comprising an exit window (30); a plurality of solid state lighting elements (20) arranged in an annular pattern; an optical element (10, 50) for redirecting the luminous output of the solid state lighting elements towards said exit window, the shape of said optical element defining a cavity (15) on a central axis of the lighting device, said cavity being shielded from said luminous output; and a driver circuit (40) for driving at least some of said solid state lighting elements located in said cavity. A luminaire including such a lighting device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) includes a buck and boost conversion circuit (110), and a control unit (120, 200) for controlling operations of the buck and boost converter. The buck and boost converter includes a buck conversion circuit having a first set of switches (SW3, SW4), and a boost conversion circuit having a second set of switches (SW5, SW6). The buck conversion circuit and the boost conversion circuit may be controlled independently from each other. The control unit is configured to control delivery of power from the power converter to a load (20) via the buck conversion circuit in a buck conversion mode by controlling switching operations of the first set of switches, and to control the delivery of the power from the power converter to the load via the boost conversion circuit in a boost conversion mode by controlling switching operations of the second set of switches.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a complex IC in two parts and making the electrical connections between them afterwards is described. By this method, a ferroelectric RAM is fabricated in two parts, where the first part has an array of unit cells each of those has a transistor or a group of transistors serving the purpose of selecting one address for data recording and has an array of electrically conductive pads facing upward, protruding out from the surface of the first part, where the second part consists of a data-recording layer on another substrate. The data-recording layer consists of ferroelectric material and is pressed on the first part during data writing and reading.