Abstract: This application provides an evaporative cooling unit. The evaporative cooling unit includes an outdoor channel, an indoor channel, and a heat exchange apparatus, and, further includes: an air filter and a defrosting apparatus that are disposed in the outdoor channel. The defrosting apparatus is located on a side that is of the air filter and that is close to an air intake vent of the outdoor channel. The defrosting apparatus includes a heat exchange film, and the heat exchange film has a first channel and a second channel that are arranged crosswise. The first channel communicates with the air intake vent of the outdoor channel, the second channel communicates with the indoor channel, and the first channel communicates with the second channel. The defrosting apparatus further includes a switch valve, and the switch valve is configured to control the second channel to communicate with the indoor channel.

Abstract: This application provides an evaporative cooling unit. The evaporative cooling unit includes an outdoor channel, an indoor channel, and a heat exchange apparatus, and, further includes: an air filter and a defrosting apparatus that are disposed in the outdoor channel. The defrosting apparatus is located on a side that is of the air filter and that is close to an air intake vent of the outdoor channel. The defrosting apparatus includes a heat exchange film, and the heat exchange film has a first channel and a second channel that are arranged crosswise. The first channel communicates with the air intake vent of the outdoor channel, the second channel communicates with the indoor channel, and the first channel communicates with the second channel. The defrosting apparatus further includes a switch valve, and the switch valve is configured to control the second channel to communicate with the indoor channel.

Abstract: A compound having formula I that is useful for C?O reduction is provided: wherein: M is a transition metal; X1, X2 are each independently a counterion; and R1, R2, R3 are each independently H, C1-6 alkyl, C6-15 aryl, or C6-15 heteroaryl.

Abstract: Conversion of vegetable-derived triglycerides to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) is a popular approach to the generation of biodiesel fuels and the basis of a growing industry. Drawbacks of the strategy are that (a) the glycerol backbone of the triglyceride is discarded as waste in this synthesis, and (2) many natural triglycerides are multiply-unsaturated or fully saturated, giving inferior performance and causing engine problems with long-term use. Here, we show that catalysis by iridium complex 1 can address both of these problems through selective reduction of triglycerides high in polyunsaturated fatty esters to FAMEs with high oleate concentration. This is realized using hydrogen imbedded in the triglyceride backbone, concurrently generating lactate as a value-added C3 product. Additional methanol or glycerol as a hydrogen source enables reduction of corn and soybean oils to >80% oleate.

Abstract: A formic acid decomposition catalyst system includes organometallic complexes having formula 1: wherein: M is a transition metal; E is P, N, or C (as in imidazolium carbene); R1, R2 are independently C1-6 alkyl groups; o is 1, 2, 3, or 4; R3 are independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl groups, OR14, NO2, halogen; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R15, R16 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl groups; R14 is a C1-6 alkyl group; and X? is a negatively charge counter ion.

Abstract: A formic acid decomposition catalyst system includes organometallic complexes having formula 1: wherein: M is a transition metal; E is P, N, or C (as in imidazolium carbene); R1, R2 are independently C1-6 alkyl groups; o is 1, 2, 3, or 4; R3 are independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl groups, OR14, NO2, halogen; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R15, R16 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl groups; R14 is a C1-6 alkyl group; and X? is a negatively charge counter ion.

Abstract: Conversion of vegetable-derived triglycerides to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) is a popular approach to the generation of biodiesel fuels and the basis of a growing industry. Drawbacks of the strategy are that (a) the glycerol backbone of the triglyceride is discarded as waste in this synthesis, and (2) many natural triglycerides are multiply-unsaturated or fully saturated, giving inferior performance and causing engine problems with long-term use. Here, we show that catalysis by iridium complex 1 can address both of these problems through selective reduction of triglycerides high in polyunsaturated fatty esters to FAMEs with high oleate concentration. This is realized using hydrogen imbedded in the triglyceride backbone, concurrently generating lactate as a value-added C3 product. Additional methanol or glycerol as a hydrogen source enables reduction of corn and soybean oils to >80% oleate.

Abstract: A catalyst system includes a complex having formula I which advantageously has a sterically protecting N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) carbene-pyridine ligand to handle harsh reactions conditions than many prior art catalysts: wherein M is a transition metal; o is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R1 is a C1-6 alkyl, a C6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C5-18 heteroaryl. In a refinement, R1 is methyl, ethyl, butyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl; R2, R3, R3? are independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, halo (e.g., Cl, F, Br, etc), NO2, an optionally substituted C6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C5-18 heteroaryl; R4, R4? are independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, halo, NO2, an optionally substituted C6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C5-18 heteroaryl; and X? is a negatively charge counter ion and L1, L2 are each independently a neutral ligand.

Abstract: A formic acid decomposition catalyst system includes organometallic complexes having formula 1: wherein: M is a transition metal; E is P, N, or C (as in imidazolium carbene); R1, R2 are independently C1-6 alkyl groups; o is 1, 2, 3, or 4; R3 are independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl groups, OR14, NO2, halogen; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R15, R16 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl groups; R14 is a C1-6 alkyl group; and X? is a negatively charge counter ion.

Abstract: A formic acid decomposition catalyst system includes metal-ligand complexes having formula 1: wherein M is a transition metal; R1, R2 are independently C1-6 alkyl groups; o is 1, 2, 3, or 4; R3 are independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl groups, OR14, NO2, or halogen; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl groups; R14 is a C1-6 alkyl group; and X? is a negatively charge counter ion.

Abstract: A compound having formula I that is useful for C?O reduction is provided: wherein: M is a transition metal; X1, X2 are each independently a counterion; and R1, R2, R3 are each independently H, C1-6 alkyl, C6-15 aryl, or C6-15 heteroaryl.

Abstract: A formic acid decomposition catalyst system includes organometallic complexes having formula 1: wherein: M is a transition metal; E is P, N, or C (as in imidazolium carbene); R1, R2 are independently C1-6 alkyl groups; o is 1, 2, 3, or 4; R3 are independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl groups, OR14, NO2, halogen; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R15, R16 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl groups; R14 is a C1-6 alkyl group; and X?is a negatively charge counter ion.

Abstract: A catalyst system includes a complex having formula I which advantageously has a sterically protecting N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) carbene-pyridine ligand to handle harsh reactions conditions than many prior art catalysts: wherein M is a transition metal; o is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R1 is a C1-6 alkyl, a C6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C5-18 heteroaryl. In a refinement, R1 is methyl, ethyl, butyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl; R2, R3, R3? are independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, halo (e.g., Cl, F, Br, etc), NO2, an optionally substituted C6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C5-18 heteroaryl; R4, R4? are independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, halo, NO2, an optionally substituted C6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C5-18 heteroaryl; and X? is a negatively charge counter ion and L1, L2 are each independently a neutral ligand.

Abstract: A formic acid decomposition catalyst system includes metal-ligand complexes having formula 1: wherein M is a transition metal; R1, R2 are independently C1-6 alkyl groups; o is 1, 2, 3, or 4; R3 are independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl groups, OR14, NO2, or halogen; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl groups; R14 is a C1-6 alkyl group; and X? is a negatively charge counter ion.

Abstract: A ruthenium bis(pyrazolyl)borate scaffold that enables cooperative reduction reactivity in which boron and ruthenium centers work in concert to effect selective nitrile reduction is provided. The pre-catalyst compound [?3-(1-pz)2HB(N?CHCH3)]Ru(cymene)+ TfO? (pz=pyrazolyl) was synthesized using readily-available materials through a straightforward route, thus making it an appealing catalyst for a number of reactions.

Abstract: A ruthenium bis(pyrazolyl)borate scaffold that enables cooperative reduction reactivity in which boron and ruthenium centers work in concert to effect selective nitrile reduction is provided. The pre-catalyst compound [?3-(1-pz)2HB(N?CHCH3)]Ru(cymene)? TfO? (pz=pyrazolyl) was synthesized using readily-available materials through a straightforward route, thus making it an appealing catalyst for a number of reactions.