Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing impurities from a carbon nanotube structure and then orienting the nanotubes within the structure. The process may use environmentally benign materials and minimize damage to the carbon nanotubes. The process may provide a cost-effective way to manufacture nanomaterials based macroscopic parts and components, whose properties approach to those of the individual nanoparticles.

Abstract: This disclosure refers to a manufacturing method of a flip-chip structure of III group semiconductor light emitting device. The manufacturing method includes steps of: growing a substrate, a buffer layer, an N type nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer and a P type nitride semiconductor layer sequentially from bottom to top to form an epitaxial structure, depositing a transparent conductive layer; defining an isolation groove with the yellow light etching process, depositing a first insulation layer structure, depositing a P type contact metal and N type contact metal, depositing a second insulation layer structure, depositing a flip-chip P type electrode and flip-chip N type electrode, then removing the photo resist by using of the stripping process to get a wafer; thinning, dicing, separating, measuring and sorting the wafer.

Abstract: Provided herein are composite materials and methods of making composite materials including carbon nanoscale fiber networks. The composite materials may include a stretched and doped carbon nanoscale fiber network and a capping layer. The methods of making the composite materials may include stretching a carbon nanoscale fiber network, contacting the nanoscale fiber network with a dopant, and disposing a capping layer on a surface of the carbon nanoscale fiber network.

Abstract: The present invention includes scalable and cost-effective auxetic foam sensors (AFS) created through conformably coating a thin conductive nanomaterial-sensing layer on a porous substrate having a negative Poisson's ratio. In general, the auxetic foam sensors possess multimodal sensing capability, such as large deformation sensing, small pressure sensing, shear/torsion sensing and vibration sensing and excellent robustness in humidity environment.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for producing continuous buckypapers. The systems may permit the in-line characterization and crosslinking of the continuous buckypapers. The systems include roll-to-roll systems in which a continuous buckypaper is created and then separated from the filter paper in an automated process.

Abstract: This disclosure refers to a manufacturing method of a flip-chip structure of III group semiconductor light emitting device. The manufacturing method includes steps of: growing a substrate, a buffer layer, an N type nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer and a P type nitride semiconductor layer sequentially from bottom to top to form an epitaxial structure, depositing a transparent conductive layer; defining an isolation groove with the yellow light etching process, depositing a first insulation layer structure, depositing a P type contact metal and N type contact metal, depositing a second insulation layer structure, depositing a flip-chip P type electrode and flip-chip N type electrode, then removing the photo resist by using of the stripping process to get a wafer; thinning, dicing, separating, measuring and sorting the wafer.

Abstract: Strain sensors are provided that include a flexible substrate, a sheet affixed to the flexible substrate, and two or more microelectrodes printed at spaced locations onto either the sheet or the flexible substrate, wherein the sheet includes a carbon nanotube network, the sheet having a top side and an opposing second side. The two or more microelectrodes are printed at spaced locations onto the top side of the sheet or onto a side of the flexible substrate facing the second side of the sheet. Methods are provided for fabricating a strain sensor wherein the sheet is arranged between the printed microelectrodes and the flexible substrate or wherein the second side of the sheet is arranged atop or across the printed microelectrodes. Methods are also provided for measuring strain in a structure via the strain sensors affixed or integrated therein.

Abstract: Flexible electrical devices are provided that include a coated inner carbon nanotube electrode that has an exterior surface, an outer carbon nanotube electrode disposed on the exterior surface of the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode, and an overlap region in which the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode and the outer carbon nanotube electrode overlap one another, in which the device has a fiber-like geometry and first and second electrode ends. Methods are provided for fabricating an electrical component that includes a flexible electrical component having a fiber-like geometry and includes carbon nanotube electrodes.

Abstract: Flexible electrical devices are provided that include a coated inner carbon nanotube electrode that has an exterior surface, an outer carbon nanotube electrode disposed on the exterior surface of the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode, and an overlap region in which the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode and the outer carbon nanotube electrode overlap one another, in which the device has a fiber-like geometry and first and second electrode ends. Methods are provided for fabricating an electrical component that includes a flexible electrical component having a fiber-like geometry and includes carbon nanotube electrodes.

Abstract: Articles including nanoscale fibers aligned by mechanical stretching are provided. Methods for making composite materials comprising a network of aligned nanoscale fibers are also provided. The network of nanoscale fibers may be substantially devoid of a liquid, and may be a buckypaper. The network of nanoscale fibers also may be associated with a supporting medium.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for producing continuous buckypapers. The systems may permit the in-line characterization and crosslinking of the continuous buckypapers. The systems include roll-to-roll systems in which a continuous buckypaper is created and then separated from the filter paper in an automated process.

Abstract: Strain sensors are provided that include a flexible substrate, a sheet affixed to the flexible substrate, and two or more microelectrodes printed at spaced locations onto either the sheet or the flexible substrate, wherein the sheet includes a carbon nanotube network, the sheet having a top side and an opposing second side. The two or more microelectrodes are printed at spaced locations onto the top side of the sheet or onto a side of the flexible substrate facing the second side of the sheet. Methods are provided for fabricating a strain sensor wherein the sheet is arranged between the printed microelectrodes and the flexible substrate or wherein the second side of the sheet is arranged atop or across the printed microelectrodes. Methods are also provided for measuring strain in a structure via the strain sensors affixed or integrated therein.

Abstract: A method is provided for functionalizing nanoscale fibers including reacting a plurality of nanoscale fibers with at least one epoxide monomer to chemically bond the at least one epoxide monomer to surfaces of the nanoscale fibers to form functionalized nanoscale fibers. Functionalized nanoscale fibers, nanoscale fiber films, and composite materials are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for aligning nanoscale fibers are provided. One method comprises providing a network of nanoscale fibers and mechanically stretching the network of nanoscale fibers in a first direction. The network of nanoscale fibers is substantially devoid of a liquid. A network of aligned nanoscale fibers and a composite comprising a network of aligned nanoscale fibers are also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for functionalizing nanoscale fibers including reacting a plurality of nanoscale fibers with at least one epoxide monomer to chemically bond the at least one epoxide monomer to surfaces of the nanoscale fibers to form functionalized nanoscale fibers. Functionalized nanoscale fibers and nanoscale fiber films are also provided.

Abstract: A composite material for electromagnetic interference shielding is provided. The composite material comprises a stack including at least two electrically conductive nanoscale fiber films, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one insulating gap positioned between the at least two nanoscale fiber films. The stack is effective to provide a substantial multiple internal reflection effect. An electromagnetic interference shielded apparatus and a method for shielding an electrical circuit from electromagnetic interference is provided.

Abstract: Flexible electrical devices are provided that include a coated inner carbon nanotube electrode that has an exterior surface, an outer carbon nanotube electrode disposed on the exterior surface of the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode, and an overlap region in which the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode and the outer carbon nanotube electrode overlap one another, in which the device has a fiber-like geometry and first and second electrode ends. Methods are provided for fabricating an electrical component that includes a flexible electrical component having a fiber-like geometry and includes carbon nanotube electrodes.

Abstract: A method for making an actuator capable of dry actuation is provided. The method includes providing a first nanoscale fiber film, providing a second nanoscale fiber film, positioning a solid polymer electrolyte at least partially between and adjacent to the first nanoscale fiber film and the second nanoscale fiber film, and then affixing the solid polymer electrolyte to the first nanoscale fiber film and the second nanoscale fiber film. The nanoscale fiber films may be buckypapers, made of carbon nanotubes. The actuator is capable of dry actuation.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell comprising a gradient catalyst structure and a method of making the same. The gradient catalyst structure can include a plurality of catalyst nanoparticles, e.g., platinum, disposed on layered buckypaper. The layered buckypaper can include at least a first layer and a second layer and the first layer can have a lower porosity compared to the second layer. The gradient catalyst structure can include single-wall nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, or both in the first layer of the layered buckypaper and can include carbon nanofibers in the second layer of the layered buckypaper. The MEA can have a catalyst utilization efficiency of at least 0.35 gcat/kW or less.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for dynamically determining a connection establishment mechanism between virtual machines (VMs) based on locations of the VMs. The apparatus includes a communication agent unit for receiving messages relating to the locations of the VMs, a control unit for determining the connection establishment mechanism between the VMs based on the received messages and a controlling mechanism to establish a connection between the VMs according to the determined connection establishment mechanism. The method includes receiving messages relating to the locations of the VMs, determining the connection establishment mechanism between the VMs based on the received messages, and establishing a connection between the VMs according to the determined connection establishment mechanism.