Abstract: A glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than about 0.7·t to t, comprise a tangent with a slope having an absolute value greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometer. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t) and a maximum central tension of less than about 71.5/?(t) (MPa). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.

Abstract: A system for determining a real time solid flow rate of a solid-gas mixture is provided. The system includes multiple sensors, a data-fusion unit and an estimating unit. The sensors generate multiple measurement signals for obtaining at least two measured values of the real time solid flow rate. The data-fusion unit receives the measured values and establishes a state-space model based on the measured values. The estimating unit estimates the state-space model to generate an estimated value of the real time solid flow rate. A method for determining a real time solid flow rate of a solid-gas mixture is also presented.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a dry feed system to convey a solid fuel includes multiple sensors, a pressurizing gas controller, at least one assistant gas controller and multiple gas valves. The sensors generate multiple measurement signals signifying characteristics of the dry feed system. The pressuring gas controller calculates a feed tank pressure bias or/and a pressuring gas flow bias based on a solid flow rate and generates a first control signal based on the pressure bias or/and the pressurizing gas flow bias. The assistant gas controller calculates an assistant gas bias based on a solid loading ratio and generates a second control signal based on the assistant gas bias. The gas valves are driven by the first or/and second control signals to regulate the solid fuel. A control method is also described.

Abstract: A system for determining a real time solid flow rate of a solid-gas mixture is provided. The system includes multiple sensors, a data-fusion unit and an estimating unit. The sensors generate multiple measurement signals for obtaining at least two measured values of the real time solid flow rate. The data-fusion unit receives the measured values and establishes a state-space model based on the measured values. The estimating unit estimates the state-space model to generate an estimated value of the real time solid flow rate. A method for determining a real time solid flow rate of a solid-gas mixture is also presented.

Abstract: A wind turbine includes multiple blades, multiple Micro Inertial Measurement Units (MIMUs) mounted on each of the blades and sensing parameter signals of the blades, and a parameter processing unit receiving sensed parameter signals from the MIMUs and determining parameters of the blades according to the sensed parameter signals.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a dry feed system to convey a solid fuel includes multiple sensors, a pressurizing gas controller, at least one assistant gas controller and multiple gas valves. The sensors generate multiple measurement signals signifying characteristics of the dry feed system. The pressuring gas controller calculates a feed tank pressure bias or/and a pressuring gas flow bias based on a solid flow rate and generates a first control signal based on the pressure bias or/and the pressurizing gas flow bias. The assistant gas controller calculates an assistant gas bias based on a solid loading ratio and generates a second control signal based on the assistant gas bias. The gas valves are driven by the first or/and second control signals to regulate the solid fuel. A control method is also described.

Abstract: A method of detecting faults in a fuel cell system, the method comprising: comparing a plurality of fuel cell measurements to respective ones of a plurality of range limits to yield a plurality of range flags; differentiating the fuel cell measurements to yield a plurality of fuel cell rates; comparing the fuel cell rates to respective ones of a plurality of rate limits to yield a plurality of rate flags; and classifying the range flags and the rate flags to yield a fault detection decision.

Abstract: A method of detecting faults in a fuel cell system, the method comprising: comparing a plurality of fuel cell measurements to respective ones of a plurality of range limits to yield a plurality of range flags; differentiating the fuel cell measurements to yield a plurality of fuel cell rates; comparing the fuel cell rates to respective ones of a plurality of rate limits to yield a plurality of rate flags; and classifying the range flags and the rate flags to yield a fault detection decision.