Abstract: A forwarding path determining method includes: determining, by a path computation node, a first SR-BE forwarding path from a first node to a second node in a first virtual network; determining a second SR-BE forwarding path from the first node to the second node in a physical network; and when the first SR-BE forwarding path completely overlaps the second SR-BE forwarding path, determining the first SR-BE forwarding path as a target forwarding path from the first node to the second node in the first virtual network; or when the first SR-BE forwarding path does not completely overlap the second SR-BE forwarding path, determining, by the path computation node, a first SR-TE forwarding path according to the physical network and the first virtual network, and determining the first SR-TE forwarding path as a target forwarding path from the first node to the second node in the first virtual network.

Abstract: A method for implementing a generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunnel, an access point (AP), and a network system. The method includes establishing a Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) tunnel with an access controller (AC), receiving addresses of at least two gateways, establishing at least two GRE tunnels coupled to the gateways respectively according to the addresses of the at least two gateways, and selecting one of the at least two GRE tunnels to transmit data.

Abstract: A packet transmission method, implemented by a first network device includes determining a first master logical interface, where the first master logical interface is associated with a first virtual network identifier and a first sub-logical interface, and the first sub-logical interface is associated with a second virtual network identifier, and receiving an advertisement packet from a second network device through the first master logical interface, where the advertisement packet includes the first virtual network identifier, first internet protocol (IP) information associated with the first virtual network identifier, the second virtual network identifier, and second IP information associated with the second virtual network identifier.

Abstract: A data sending method includes receiving, by a forwarding device using a first flexible Ethernet (FlexE) group and in multiple timeslots included in a first timeslot set, multiple first encoded data blocks from a physical coding sublayer (PCS), determining, by the forwarding device according to the timeslots included in the first timeslot set and the first FlexE group, a second FlexE group and multiple timeslots included in a second timeslot set, and sending, by the forwarding device, the first encoded data blocks using the second FlexE group and in the timeslots included in the second timeslot set.

Abstract: A method and a device for transmitting a data packet are provided. The method includes: receiving a first data packet from a second node, wherein the first data packet includes first information indicating a dynamic load-sharing request; selecting, according to the first information, a first path for forwarding the first data packet, and recording an identifier of the first path; receiving a second data packet from the second node, wherein the second data packet includes an identifier of the first path, and the second data packet is a data packet, after the first data packet, of a same traffic; selecting, according to the identifier of the first path, the first path to forward the second data packet.

Abstract: A method includes: setting up, by a first network device, a MACSec channel to a second network device according to the MACSec protocol; and sending, by the first network device, an ACP packet to the second network device by using the MACSec channel, where the ACP packet is carried in a MACSec frame, and a frame header of the MACSec frame carries identification information used to identify the ACP packet. By means of the packet transmission method, MACSec channel is set up between adjacent nodes in a self-organizing network according to the MACSec protocol, and an ACP packet is transmitted between the adjacent nodes by using the MACSec channel and processed.

Abstract: A routing table creation method, an electronic device, and a network are provided. The method includes: generating a first probe packet, where the first probe packet has a source address and a destination address; sending, from a source node corresponding to the source address, the first probe packet on a network including at least two nodes, until the first probe packet reaches a destination node corresponding to the destination address, and recording addresses of nodes through which the first probe packet passes, to form a first path; generating a second path according to the first path, where the second path is a reverse path of the first path; generating a first response packet, sending the first response packet along a second path until the first response packet reaches the source node; and creating a routing table entry according to the second path.

Abstract: A forwarding table generation method is provided. The method includes: determining, by a forwarding device, a first timeslot set, where the first timeslot set includes multiple timeslots during which the forwarding device sends, to a first device by using a first flexible Ethernet group, multiple encoded data blocks generated by a physical coding sublayer; determining, by the forwarding device, a second timeslot set, where the second timeslot set includes multiple timeslots during which the forwarding device receives, by using a second FlexE group, the multiple encoded data blocks sent by a second device; and generating, by the forwarding device, a forwarding table, where the forwarding table includes a mapping relationship between the second FlexE group and the multiple timeslots included in the second timeslot set, and between the first FlexE group and the multiple timeslots included in the first timeslot set.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for establishing a forwarding path, the method including obtaining, by a first network node, path information of a to-be-established forwarding path, where the path information comprises an identifier of a network node on the forwarding path and a transmission resource requirement that needs to be allocated by the network node to the forwarding path, and sending a path establishment request packet based on the path information, where a packet header of the path establishment request packet comprises the path information, and where the path establishment request packet triggers the network node to allocate a transmission resource to the forwarding path based on the transmission resource requirement.

Abstract: A method for implementing a generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunnel, an access point (AP), and a network system. The method includes establishing a Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) tunnel with an access controller (AC), receiving addresses of at least two gateways, establishing at least two GRE tunnels coupled to the gateways respectively according to the addresses of the at least two gateways, and selecting one of the at least two GRE tunnels to transmit data.

Abstract: Example embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for transmitting a service flow based on FlexE. The method includes: sending, by a first network device, a first FlexE overhead frame to a second network device, where the first network device and the second network device transmit a service flow using a first FlexE group, and the first FlexE overhead frame includes FlexE group adjustment identification information and PHY information of a physical layer (PHY) included in a second FlexE group; receiving, by the first network device, a second FlexE overhead frame sent by the second network device, where the second FlexE overhead frame includes FlexE group adjustment acknowledgment identification information; adjusting, by the first network device, the first FlexE group to the second FlexE group; and sending, by the first network device, the service flow to the second network device based on the second FlexE group, to dynamically adjust a FlexE group.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, by a network device, notification packets separately sent by a plurality of forwarding nodes, where each notification packet includes interface forwarding delay information of the forwarding node that sends the notification packet, device forwarding delay information of the forwarding node, and a transmission delay of a link connected to the forwarding node; obtaining the interface forwarding delay information and the device forwarding delay information of each of the plurality of forwarding nodes, and obtaining a transmission delay of a link between the plurality of forwarding nodes; and computing a forwarding path between a first forwarding node and a second forwarding node, where a forwarding delay of the forwarding path meets a delay requirement of a service.

Abstract: A routing control method and apparatus includes receiving, by a first edge routing node, a BGP control packet, where the BGP control packet carries a first node identifier and first algorithm information, where the first node identifier indicates an SID of a destination routing node on a BGP forwarding path, where the first algorithm information indicates a requirement of the BGP forwarding path, where the first edge routing node belongs to a first AS and the destination routing node belongs to a second AS; determining, by the first edge routing node, forwarding path information of the data packet based on the first node identifier and the first algorithm information in the BGP control packet; and forwarding, by the first edge routing node, the data packet based on the forwarding path information.

Abstract: A packet sending method that supports a host in imposing a network performance requirement includes that a network device receives a first service packet from the host, where the first service packet includes a first identifier, and the first identifier indicates a network performance requirement of the first service packet; the network device adds a segment list to the first service packet based on an element to obtain a second service packet, where the element includes the first identifier, and a forwarding path corresponding to the segment list meets the network performance requirement; and the network device forwards the second service packet through the forwarding path.

Abstract: This application provides a forwarding path determining method and an apparatus. In determining a forwarding path, a second network device sends a routing update message to a first network device, where the routing update message carries a first identifier list, the first identifier list includes a binding segment identifier, and the first identifier list indicates a first forwarding path that is from the second network device to a third network device. By using the method, a second forwarding path from the first network device to the third network device is determined. According to the method provided in this application, when there is no controller or controllers cannot communicate with each other, routing advertisement of the binding end identifier is implemented, to determine a forwarding path. This helps simplify a packet forwarding control process.

Abstract: This application describes a data transmission method, a network node, and a storage medium for communications technologies. In this application, an underlay segment identifier corresponding to an underlay path is designed, and the underlay segment identifier is advertised, so that a node on a segment routing network can sense the underlay path by using the underlay segment identifier. In this way, when a data packet is transmitted, the data packet can be sent based on an underlay segment identifier carried in the data packet and through an underlay path corresponding to the underlay segment identifier. Therefore, an underlay path through which a data packet is to be transmitted may be specified based on a service requirement, so that different data packets can be transmitted through different underlay paths, thereby improving flexibility and facilitating traffic planning.

Abstract: A packet forwarding method includes a head node that receives a segment identifier from a second network device. The segment identifier indicates that the second network device can provide a first forwarding path from the second network device to a network device in the first domain. After obtaining a packet, the first network device generates, based on the segment identifier, a segment identifier list corresponding to a second forwarding path that is used to forward the packet and that passes through the first domain, and forwards the packet to the second network device based on the segment identifier list. The segment identifier list corresponding to the second forwarding path includes the segment identifier.

Abstract: A data sending method includes receiving, by a forwarding device using a first flexible Ethernet (FlexE) group and in multiple timeslots included in a first timeslot set, multiple first encoded data blocks from a physical coding sublayer (PCS), determining, by the forwarding device according to the timeslots included in the first timeslot set and the first FlexE group, a second FlexE group and multiple timeslots included in a second timeslot set, and sending, by the forwarding device, the first encoded data blocks using the second FlexE group and in the timeslots included in the second timeslot set.

Abstract: A Segment Routing over Internet Protocol version 6 (SRv6)-based data processing method includes a first network device generating a slice locator, where the slice locator includes a target argument. The slice locator is used to identify an addressable destination address prefix in a slice supported by the first network device, and the target argument is used to indicate that the slice locator is associated with at least two slices supported by the first network device. The first network device sends the slice locator to a second network device, so that the second network device generates, based on the slice locator, at least two target slice locators corresponding to the at least two slices.

Abstract: A method and a network device for establishing FlexE path includes a first forwarding node receiving a first path establishment request message sent by a first source node, where the first path establishment request message is used to establish a first FlexE path between the first source node and a first destination node, and the first FlexE path is used to transmit a first service flow; the first forwarding node establishing a second FlexE path between the first forwarding node and a second forwarding node based on the first path establishment request message, and deleting an established third FlexE path between the first forwarding node and the second forwarding node after the second FlexE path is established; and the first forwarding node establishing and storing a correspondence between the first FlexE path and the second FlexE path.