Abstract: A packet sending method and device. The first node sets a next-hop of the routing information to a next-hop through which the first node reaches the first route source. The destination address of the routing information is the address prefix. When the second route source is superior to the first route source, the first node switches the next-hop of the routing information to a next-hop through which the first node reaches the second route source. Then, the first node adds, to a target packet, path information of a forwarding path from the first node to the second route source according to the switching operation, where a destination address of the target packet matches the address prefix. Finally, the first node forwards the target packet to the second route source through the forwarding path.

Abstract: A packet forwarding method and device, and a system are provided, and belong to the field of communication technologies. The method includes: A first node first receives a route to a destination node sent by a second node, where the route carries an identifier of the second node and a plurality of tunnel attributes. A plurality of tunnels from the first node to the second are in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of tunnel attributes. The first node forwards packets with different packet attributes destined for same destination node through different tunnels. In this application, packets having different packet attributes can be forwarded over different tunnels, so that traffic steering is implemented at a routing layer, and flexibility of packet forwarding is improved.

Abstract: A binding segment identifier processing method and a device are provided. The method includes a network device receives a message sent by a controller, where the message includes type information and a segment identifier, and the type information indicates that the segment identifier is a binding segment identifier BSID. The network device performs a processing action on the BSID based on the type information. According to embodiments of this application, the network device can identify the BSID, to resolve a technical problem that an incorrect processing result is caused when a segment identifier list of the network device includes the BSID.

Abstract: A packet sending method and device. The first node sets a next-hop of the routing information to a next-hop through which the first node reaches the first route source. The destination address of the routing information is the address prefix. When the second route source is superior to the first route source, the first node switches the next-hop of the routing information to a next-hop through which the first node reaches the second route source. Then, the first node adds, to a target packet, path information of a forwarding path from the first node to the second route source according to the switching operation, where a destination address of the target packet matches the address prefix. Finally, the first node forwards the target packet to the second route source through the forwarding path.

Abstract: A packet sending method and device. The first node sets a next-hop of the routing information to a next-hop through which the first node reaches the first route source. The destination address of the routing information is the address prefix. When the second route source is superior to the first route source, the first node switches the next-hop of the routing information to a next-hop through which the first node reaches the second route source. Then, the first node adds, to a target packet, path information of a forwarding path from the first node to the second route source according to the switching operation, where a destination address of the target packet matches the address prefix. Finally, the first node forwards the target packet to the second route source through the forwarding path.

Abstract: A method is applied to a network comprising a first area and a second area. A first node in the first area obtains aggregated routing information, where the aggregated routing information is obtained by aggregating a plurality of pieces of original routing information, the plurality of pieces of original routing information correspond to N nodes in a network segment, the N nodes in the network segment have a same flexible algorithm flex-algo, and the aggregated routing information carries an algorithm identifier used to indicate the flex-algo and a network segment identifier used to indicate the network segment. The first node sends the aggregated routing information to the second area, where the aggregated routing information is used to indicate a node in the second area to send a packet to the N nodes in the network segment based on the aggregated routing information.

Abstract: A packet sending method and device. The first node sets a next-hop of the routing information to a next-hop through which the first node reaches the first route source. The destination address of the routing information is the address prefix. When the second route source is superior to the first route source, the first node switches the next-hop of the routing information to a next-hop through which the first node reaches the second route source. Then, the first node adds, to a target packet, path information of a forwarding path from the first node to the second route source according to the switching operation, where a destination address of the target packet matches the address prefix. Finally, the first node forwards the target packet to the second route source through the forwarding path.

Abstract: A stage for cutting process and cutting method thereof, processing apparatus are disclosed. The stage includes a support substrate and a driving unit disposed on the support substrate. The driving unit is configured to drive the support substrate to rotate around a first direction in a board surface of the support substrate so as to remove foreign matters on the support substrate. The driving unit disposed in the stage can drive the rotation of the stage to allow foreign matters on the stage to automatically slide down.

Abstract: An OGS substrate and a grinding method thereof are provided. The OGS substrate includes a base substrate, wherein a shielding pattern is formed inside a periphery region of the base substrate, a reference mark is formed above the shielding pattern, the grinding method comprises: grinding an edge of the base substrate to form a chamfer; identifying edges of the reference mark and the base substrate; calculating a position distance between an outer edge of the reference mark and the edge of the base substrate corresponding thereto based on the identified edges of the reference mark and the base substrate; judging whether the position distance is smaller than a first distance; if it is judged that the position distance is smaller than the first distance, stopping grinding; otherwise, continuing to grind.

Abstract: A grinding method, an OGS substrate and a manufacturing method of an OGS mother substrate are provided. The grinding method is used to grind the OGS substrate comprising a base substrate, wherein a shielding pattern is formed inside a periphery region of the base substrate, a reference mark is formed above the shielding pattern, the grinding method comprises: grinding an edge of the base substrate to form a chamfer; identifying edges of the reference mark and the base substrate; calculating a position distance between an outer edge of the reference mark and the edge of the base substrate corresponding thereto based on the identified edges of the reference mark and the base substrate; judging whether the position distance is smaller than a first distance; if it is judged that the position distance is smaller than the first distance, stopping grinding; otherwise, continuing to grind.

Abstract: An OGS substrate and a grinding method thereof are provided. The OGS substrate includes a base substrate, wherein a shielding pattern is formed inside a periphery region of the base substrate, a reference mark is formed above the shielding pattern, the grinding method comprises: grinding an edge of the base substrate to form a chamfer; identifying edges of the reference mark and the base substrate; calculating a position distance between an outer edge of the reference mark and the edge of the base substrate corresponding thereto based on the identified edges of the reference mark and the base substrate; judging whether the position distance is smaller than a first distance; if it is judged that the position distance is smaller than the first distance, stopping grinding; otherwise, continuing to grind.

Abstract: A method for performing bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) on an aggregated link between a first network device and a second network device, where the first network device sends, to the second network device, information used to establish at least two BFD sessions. The first network device receives information that is used to establish at least two BFD sessions and sent by the second network device. The first network device respectively establishes BFD sessions between at least two pairs of ports according to the stored information and the information sent by the second network device. The first network device determines whether at least one BFD session in the established BFD sessions is up. If at least one BFD session in the established BFD sessions is up, the first network device determines that the aggregated link between the first network device and the second network device is available.

Abstract: A grinding method, an OGS substrate and a manufacturing method of an OGS mother substrate are provided. The grinding method is used to grind the OGS substrate comprising a base substrate, wherein a shielding pattern is formed inside a periphery region of the base substrate, a reference mark is formed above the shielding pattern, the grinding method comprises: grinding an edge of the base substrate to form a chamfer; identifying edges of the reference mark and the base substrate; calculating a position distance between an outer edge of the reference mark and the edge of the base substrate corresponding thereto based on the identified edges of the reference mark and the base substrate; judging whether the position distance is smaller than a first distance; if it is judged that the position distance is smaller than the first distance, stopping grinding; otherwise, continuing to grind.

Abstract: A method for performing bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) on an aggregated link between a first network device and a second network device, where the first network device sends, to the second network device, information used to establish at least two BFD sessions. The first network device receives information that is used to establish at least two BFD sessions and sent by the second network device. The first network device respectively establishes BFD sessions between at least two pairs of ports according to the stored information and the information sent by the second network device. The first network device determines whether at least one BFD session in the established BFD sessions is up. If at least one BFD session in the established BFD sessions is up, the first network device determines that the aggregated link between the first network device and the second network device is available.

Abstract: A method, device, and system for measuring network packet loss. A sender performs data packet counting processing on a service stream sent to a receiver to obtain a first data packet count corresponding to a measurement period identifier. The sender sends an OAM packet including a measurement period identifier to be queried to the receiver. The OAM packet and a data packet of the service stream are transmitted on a same path. The sender receives a second data packet count that is returned by the receiver after the receiver receives the OAM packet. The second data packet count is a count obtained by the receiver by performing data packet counting processing on the received service stream. The sender determines a network packet loss situation according to the first data packet count and the second data packet count.