Vision and cognition testing and/or training under stress conditions
The visual and cognitive skills of a subject may be tested and/or trained by providing a visual stimulus to a subject. More particularly, a subject may be tested and/or trained when under a stress condition to determine the effect of a stress condition, such as a physical stress or a cognitive stress, on the subject's visual and sensory skills. A response may be received from a subject via an input device, the appropriateness of which may depend upon the stimulus provided to the subject. Behavioral information and other data regarding the performance of a subject and the possible effect of the stress condition may be recorded. Scoring may be based upon the speed, accuracy, and other aspects of the performance of a subject.
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This application is a divisional of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/117,315, filed May. 8, 200, and titled “Vision and Cognition Testing and/or Training Under Stress Conditions,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTNot applicable.
TECHNICAL FIELDThe present invention relates to the testing and training of vision and cognitive function. More particularly, the present invention relates to training and testing visual and/or cognitive processing under stress conditions.
BACKGROUNDOne skilled in the art of vision evaluation will be aware of a large number of vision tests that may be performed upon a subject to determine the strengths and weaknesses of an individual's visual abilities. Typically, such tests are applied to determine whether an individual may benefit from some form of vision correction and/or training and, if so, what type and degree of vision correction and/or training may be desirable. Further, numerous activities, particularly competitive athletics, place particularized demands upon the visual abilities of an individual, and awareness of any effect caused by such demands on visual or cognitive abilities is also desirable. However, an individual's visual ability is not always static, as it may be affected by physiological changes such as those accompanying physical or cognitive stress such as for example increased blood pressure.
SUMMARYSystems and methods in accordance with the present invention test or train the vision and/or cognition abilities of a subject under stress conditions by subjecting a subject to a stress condition, providing a visual stimulus, and receiving a response from a subject. Stress conditions may include physical stress and/or cognitive stress, such as an aerobic activity or an anaerobic activity. Stimulus presented to a subject may be, for example, a visual stimulus presented on a display device. A response may be received from a subject through an input device.
In another embodiment in accordance with the present invention, a system is provided that may comprise a display device, a stress-inducing device that subjects an individual to a stress condition, and a test unit coupled to the display device. A display device in this system may be configured to display a visual stimulus to a test subject. Such a system may also include an input device configured to receive a response from the test subject.
In yet another embodiment in accordance with the present invention, a method for visual and cognitive testing or training is provided. The method may comprise administering a first test to a subject to produce test results, where the test may be a visual test and/or a cognitive test; recording the test results from this first test; subjecting the test subject to a stress condition; administering a second test to the test subject to produce test results, where the test may be a visual test and/or a cognitive test; recording the second test results; and determining the difference between the first test results and the second test results.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
Referring now to the figures,
In
Although device 105 in
In accordance with the present invention, visual and/or cognitive tests may be performed on an individual. Visual tests may include any visually demanding activity, such as having a subject read from an eye chart Likewise, cognitive tests may include any cognitively demanding activity. Examples of such activities may include various arithmetic, verbal, directional tests, and the like. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the degree of difficulty of these activities may vary based on the individual's level and the particularized activity of the individual. The difficulty of such activities may also vary during the course of the testing. For example, the tests may begin at an easy level, and with each round of testing, may increase in difficulty.
In performing the visual and/or cognitive testing, the displayed stimulus (e.g., indicia 114) may possess traits that may be perceived by a user. For example, the stimulus may possess a particular color, or may be a particular character, such as a digit or letter as shown by indicia 114. Alternatively, a displayed stimulus may possess traits such as orientation. For example, a stimulus may comprise an arrow or a Landolt C pointing up, down, left or right, and subject 102 may provide a response (e.g., by depressing a button, moving a joystick, providing voice recognition, shifting weight, etc.), corresponding to the direction of the displayed arrow.
In accordance with the present invention, methods subjecting a subject to a stress condition may occur in various ways. By way of example, without limitation, an individual may be subjected to a stress condition for a specific duration of time, the stress condition may terminate, and then subsequently the individual may be subjected to visual and/or cognitive testing. To determine the effect of a stress condition on an individual, vision and/or cognitive testing may occur prior to subjecting the individual to the stress condition to provide baseline data with which to compare later vision and/or cognitive test results.
The duration of the physical activity or stress may vary and may be repeated at longer or shorter intervals. Further, the intensity of the activity may vary. For example, if a treadmill was used as device 105, the speed or incline of the treadmill might increase with each round of testing, or if the stress was provided by weight training, more weight might be added for the individual to lift. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the intensity may also increase or decrease within each round. One skilled in the art will further appreciate that the determination of the type, duration, and intensity of the stress condition may be determined based on the particularized needs of the athlete.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an individual may be subjected to both visual and/or cognitive testing and a stress condition simultaneously. Visual and/or cognitive testing may also occur prior to subjecting the individual to the stress condition in order to have baseline data for comparison purposes. This embodiment may be used for athletes who participate in sports that require the athlete to be in a continuous stress condition, such as soccer, basketball, and the like.
Referring to
Display device 110 may provide a stimulus, such as visual indicia 114. As illustrated in
In responding to the visual stimulus displayed to test subject 102, test subject 102 may provide a response via an input device. An input device may include any device capable of receiving input from a user, such as a touch-sensitive display device, an audio device, a motor input device, etc. By way of example, without limitation, display device 110 may be touch-sensitive, thereby permitting it to receive inputs as well. A touch-sensitive display device 110 may comprise a monitor, projection screen, or any other type of display device without touch-sensitivity operatively coupled to a touch sensitive layer that permits both the display of visual stimuli and the receipt of touch inputs. For example, a touch-sensitive and substantially transparent film may be applied over a non-touch-sensitive monitor. By way of further example, a touch-sensitive board may be used in conjunction with a projector as a touch-sensitive display 110. These and other possibilities for use as a touch-sensitive display device will be understood to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Subject 102 may further provide responses using a motor input device (e.g., device 350 in
Still referring to
Further referring to
Still referring to
Test unit 180 may coordinate the stimulus or stimuli provided by various output devices in system 100 and collect and retain input data from the responses of subject 102 and any additional data, such as balance, eye movement, head movement data, and biological/medical data received from subject 102. Test unit 180 may further provide scoring functionality to provide a measure of the accuracy, speed, and other performance criteria of subject 102. Test unit 180 may further control the testing process so that the presentation of a stimulus to subject 102 increases in speed or difficulty as subject 102 progresses through testing/training.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
In step 520, the results received from the tests administered in step 510 are recorded. In step 530, a test subject may be subjected to a stress condition. In step 540, a visual and/or cognitive test is administered. Stress conditions, as described above, may include any aerobic or anaerobic activity. The test administered in step 540 may be identical to the test administered in step 510, or alternatively, the test administered in step 540 may differ from the test administered in step 510. While, in method 500, step 530 is illustrated as occurring before step 540, it will be appreciated that steps 530 and 540 may occur simultaneously. In step 550, the results of the test administered in step 540 are recorded. In step 560, the difference between the results recorded in step 520 and step 550 is calculated. This difference may indicate the effect of the stress condition on the subject's visual and/or cognitive abilities.
The systems and methods described herein may be utilized to test and/or train a variety of visual and cognitive skills. The types of physical activities used to stress an individual are not limited to those described herein, but rather may utilize any type of activity capable of providing stress to a subject. Further, the types of output devices used to provide stimuli to a subject are not limited to those described herein, but rather may utilize any type of device capable of providing stimuli to a subject. The systems and methods described herein are further not limited to any particular scoring algorithm or criteria, and the scoring algorithms and criteria may be adjusted for different subjects or as individual subjects progress in skill Similarly, the number and types of stimuli provided to a subject and response received by a subject are not limited to those described herein, and multiple types of stimuli and multiple types of responses may be provided and received in any individual testing/training session.
Claims
1. A system for improving athletic performance of a test subject, the system comprising:
- a first apparatus, comprising: a test unit, at least one display device, and at least one monitor for monitoring at least one of eye movement and head movement of the test subject; and
- a second apparatus comprising a stress-inducing device configured to provide a stress to the test subject, wherein the first apparatus is configured to provide a test to the test subject by: displaying a visual stimulus to the test subject on the at least one display device; determining a correct response to the visual stimulus; receiving a response from the test subject; capturing at least one of head movement and eye movement of the test subject using the at least one monitor; determining if the response is the correct response; and calculating a score based on the response being correct or incorrect and a degree of head or eye movement of the test subject captured by the at least one monitor,
- wherein the system is configured so the first apparatus can provide the test to the test subject at the same time as the second apparatus provides the stress to the test subject.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the test unit is communicatively coupled to the at least one display device and the at least one monitor.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising an input device communicatively coupled to the test unit and configured to receive an input from the test subject as the response.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one display device and the input device are the same.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the stress-inducing device is a device for one of running, cycling, and elliptical training.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the stress-inducing device is a speaker and the stress is a sound emitted from the speaker.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 23, 2016
Date of Patent: Dec 18, 2018
Patent Publication Number: 20170103666
Assignee: NIKE, Inc. (Beaverton, OR)
Inventors: Alan W. Reichow (Beaverton, OR), Herb Yoo (Beaverton, OR)
Primary Examiner: Adam J Eiseman
Application Number: 15/389,516