Apparatus and method for uplink power control for variable interference conditions
According to an example embodiment of this application, a method may include by a processor, processing communication with a network element, the communication comprising one or more frames, wherein each frame comprises at least two subframes; receiving a signaling indicating definition of subframe groups; receiving a power control command for controlling a transmission power; and applying the power control command.
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This application was originally filed as PCT Application No. PCT/FI2012/050682 filed Jun. 28, 2012, which claims priority benefit from U.S. Application No. 61/512,403, filed Jul. 28, 2011.
TECHNICAL FIELDThe present invention relates generally to an apparatus and a method for uplink power control for variable interference conditions.
BACKGROUNDThis section is intended to provide a background or context to the invention that is recited in the claims. The description herein may include concepts that could be pursued, but are not necessarily ones that have been previously conceived, implemented or described. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated herein, what is described in this section is not prior art to the description and claims in this application.
In wireless communication, different collections of communication protocols are available to provide different types of services and capabilities. The long term evolution (LTE) is one of such collection of wireless communication protocols that extends and improves the performance of existing UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) protocols and is specified by different releases of the standard by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) in the area of mobile network technology.
Of interest herein are the further releases of 3GPP LTE targeted towards future international mobile telephony-advanced (IMT-A) systems, referred to herein for convenience simply as LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). A goal of LTE-A is to provide significantly enhanced services by means of higher data rates and lower latency with reduced cost. LTE-A is directed toward extending and optimizing the current 3GPP LTE radio access technologies to provide higher data rates at very low cost. LTE-A will be a more optimized radio system fulfilling the international telecommunication union radiocommunication sector (ITU-R) requirements for IMT-A while maintaining backward compatibility with the current LTE release.
Both time-division duplexing (TDD) and frequency-division duplexing (FDD) schemes are adopted in LTE. In LTE TDD scheme, the downlink (DL) transmission (from the network to the user equipment) and the uplink (UL) transmission (from the user equipment to the network) are operated at same carrier frequency, but allocated different time portion, or the so-called subframes. In LTE-A, several UL/DL subframe configurations are available for semistatic selection according to the ratio of UL and DL data. Recently, dynamic allocation of subframes to UL or DL is considered.
The concept of heterogeneous network has attracted considerable attention to optimize performance particularly for unequal user or traffic distribution. In a heterogeneous network, different layers of cells are deployed in a less well planed or even uncoordinatedly manner. To combat with the challenge of interference management, different enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) technologies are studied, one of which is the time domain (TDM) eICIC. In TDM eICIC, almost blank subframes (ABS) are used to manage interference in DL, thus creating variable interference pattern at the receiver.
SUMMARYVarious aspects of examples of the invention are set out in the claims.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method may include by a processor, processing communication with a network element, the communication comprising one or more frames, wherein each frame comprises at least two subframes; receiving a signaling indicating definition of subframe groups; receiving a power control command for controlling a transmission power; and applying the power control command.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, an apparatus may include at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to process communication with a network element, the communication comprising one or more frames, wherein each frame comprises at least two subframes; receive a signaling indicating definition of subframe groups; receive a power control command for controlling a transmission power; and apply the power control command.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium bearing computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer, the computer program code may include code for processing communication with a network element, the communication comprising one or more frames, wherein each frame comprises at least two subframes; code for receiving a signaling indicating definition of subframe groups; code for receiving a power control command for controlling a transmission power; and code for applying the power control command.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, an apparatus may include means for processing communication with a network element, the communication comprising one or more frames, wherein each frame comprises at least two subframes; means for receiving a signaling indicating definition of subframe groups; means for receiving a power control command for controlling a transmission power; and means for applying the power control command.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a method may include by a processor, processing communication with a user equipment, the communication comprising one or more frames, wherein each frame comprises at least two subframes; defining various subframe groups; generating a signaling indicating definition of subframe groups; and generating a power control command for controlling a transmission power of the user equipment.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, an apparatus may include at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to, process communication with a user equipment, the communication comprising one or more frames, wherein each frame comprises at least two subframes; define various subframe groups; generate a signaling indicating definition of subframe groups; and generate a power control command for controlling a transmission power of the user equipment.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium bearing computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer, the computer program code may include code for processing communication with a user equipment, the communication comprising one or more frames, wherein each frame comprises at least two subframes; code for defining various subframe groups; code for generating a signaling indicating definition of subframe groups; and code for generating a power control command for controlling a transmission power of the user equipment.
According to a eighth aspect of the present invention, an apparatus may include means for processing communication with a user equipment, the communication comprising one or more frames, wherein each frame comprises at least two subframes; means for defining various subframe groups; means for generating a signaling indicating definition of subframe groups; and means for generating a power control command for controlling a transmission power of the user equipment.
The aspects of the invention as set out herein above and in the accompanying independent claims may be suitably combined with each other and with any of the embodiments described herein below and in the dependent claims in any manner apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
For a more complete understanding of example embodiments of the present invention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are by way of example only, in which:
On the other hand, an UL transmission from one cell may cause significant interference to DL reception of another UE in a different cell. For example, in
Note that although the time unit of subframe is assumed in the example scenario shown in
Based on the above discussion, it may be convenient to generalize the definition of frame and subframe in the context of this application. While the frame can be referred to a temporal unit between two communicating peers, e.g, a network element (NE) and a UE, the subframe may be defined as any temporal portion of the frame, without any loss of generality.
In an example embodiment, for optimal operation of UL transmissions, UE needs to adapt the transmission power levels for the different interference situations in the different subframes. While LTE specifications support power control commands which allow for fine adjustments on UE transmit power, the dynamics of interference, e.g., introduced by flexible TDD configuration, can be beyond the dynamic range of the adjustment granularity supported by current specifications. The requirements for UL time domain (TDM)-based eICIC are similar compared to the flexible TDD frame configuration. Therefore, an appropriate UL power control scheme may be desired.
3GPP LTE supports power control for UL transmissions, provided it does not go beyond a maximum configured power level. The transmit power control (TPC) commands sent by the eNB provide adjustments to the power levels of the UEs. The power levels of the UEs also depend on some parameters that may be controlled by higher layers. For example, according to 3GPP, “TS 36.213 Physical Layer Procedure”, v9.2.0 (2010-06), subclause 5.1.1, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, the setting of the UE transmit power for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission depends on a cell specific nominal component PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH (j) provided from higher layers for j=0 and 1 and a UE specific component PO_UE_PUSCH (j) provided by higher layers for j=0 and 1. Without any loss of generality, we may refer both PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH (j) and PO_UE_PUSCH (j) to reference levels of power control.
There are two types of power control commands: absolute power control command and accumulative power control command. After receiving an absolute power control command, the UE adjusts its transmission power to a certain absolute value determined based on the received absolute power control command. When the UE receives an accumulative power control command, the UE changes its transmission power relatively to the transmission power of an earlier time based on the received accumulative power control command.
The TPC commands can be transmitted in several different ways. In an example embodiment, the TPC commands are included in physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) downlink control information (DCI) format 0 or 4. In LTE, various DCI formats are defined for different purpose of the control message. The PDCCH DCI formats 0 and 4 contain PUSCH allocation information and TPC command for a single UE. Both accumulative and absolute commands can be included. In other example embodiments, the TPC command can be conveyed in PDCCH DCI format 3/3A. The PDCCH DCI format 3/3A contains TPC commands but may not contain PUSCH allocation. In an example embodiment, TPC commands for several UEs may be multiplexed to the same PDCCH DCI format 3/3A message. UE may find its control command by its identity TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, which identifies the format 3/3A message and TPC_Index, which identifies the control command for the UE inside the message.
In an example embodiment, a separate power control procedure may be used for physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). Instead of a PDCCH DCI format 0 message, the power control command for PUCCH may be included in a DL assignment message. It may be sent also in a PDCCH DCI format 3/3A message and may be shared with other UEs addressed with their respective identities TPC-PUCCH-RNTI;
In an example embodiment, subframes that may be treated similarly in terms of power control are defined as one subframe group (SFG). For example, for the scenario of
In an example embodiment, the SFGs may be defined by eNB based on interference measurements. In another example embodiment, eNBs may exchange information on the selected frame configuration and determine the SFGs.
In an example embodiment, separate reference levels of power control for different SFGs may be defined by means of cell specific parameter PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH (j) or UE specific parameter PO_UE_PUSCH (j) which may be modified such that it is signaled for different SFGs, denoted here as PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH (J, SFG) and PO_UE_PUSCH (j, SFG), respectively.
In an example embodiment, the UE may be configured to adapt the power independently in each SFG.
In an example embodiment, TPC commands included in a message, e.g., a PDCCH DCI format 0 message, are applied for the subframe where the UE is currently scheduled. Therefore, for UEs configured for absolute TPC commands, it may be sufficient that the power levels of one subframe is set by the reference level of power control, e.g., PO_NOMINAL_PUSCH (j, SFG) or PO_UE_PUSCH (j, SFG), and the received TPC command.
For UEs configured for accumulative TPC commands, there are different ways in which the TPC commands can be interpreted. In an example embodiment, the accumulative TPC command may be applied to more than one SFG where the UE is and will be scheduled. In an example embodiment, the accumulative TPC command may be applied to the subframe where the UE is currently scheduled and the corresponding subframes belonging to the same SFG where the UE will be scheduled. In an example embodiment, the UE may be configured by higher layers how to interpret the power control commands.
In an example embodiment, the accumulative TPC command is conveyed in a PDCCH DCI format 3/3A message. In another example embodiment, the accumulative TPC command may be conveyed in a PDCCH DCI format 0 message if the UE is configured to interpret the TPC command in this manner.
In the example illustrated in
Continuing in the example of
In this example, the UE, e.g., the UE 102 in
In the example illustrated in
Continuing in the example of
In the example illustrated in
Continuing in the example of
Note that in an example embodiment, the absolute TPC command may also be defined such that, within a frame, it applies to the subframes in the same SFG as the subframe where the TPC command is received.
In an example embodiment, different combinations of power control procedures can be conceived, where the UE may be requested to apply accumulative power control in some SFGs and absolute power control in other SFGs.
SFG dependent power control may be defined similarly for PUCCH. For example, when the example flexible frame structure illustrated in
As discussed earlier, the network may configure separate reference levels to be used in different SFGs.
In an example embodiment, in case the flexible subframes are treated as one single SFG, the network may signal the UE the reference levels with a bit indicating if it applies to “normal” or “flexible” subframes. In another example embodiment, a bitmap may be used to indicate the SFGs where the separate reference levels are applied. In an example embodiment, the reference levels may be sent as absolute values independently for different SFGs. In another example embodiment, the reference levels may be sent as an absolute vale for one pre-defined SFG and differential values for other SFGs.
Note that in an example embodiment, the frame configuration in own and neighboring cells may be stable over time. In this case, if accumulative TPC commands are used independently for each SFG, and if a UE is scheduled a few times in different SFGs in order to allow for proper adaptation, it is possible that the UE may converge to stable transmit power levels in different SFGs without specifically assigning different reference power levels.
It is useful to note that in various example embodiments presented in
Reference is made to
The NE 1001 includes a processor 1005, a memory (MEM) 1004 coupled to the processor 1005, and a suitable transceiver (TRANS) 1003 (having a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX)) coupled to the processor 1005. The MEM 1004 stores a program (PROG) 1002. The TRANS 1003 is for bidirectional wireless communications with the UE 1011. The NE 1001 is coupled to one or more external networks or systems, which is not shown in this figure.
As shown in
As shown in
At least one of the PROGs 1002 and 1012 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor, enable the electronic apparatus to operate in accordance with the example embodiments of this disclosure, as discussed herein.
In general, the various example embodiments of the apparatus 1011 can include, but are not limited to, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) having wireless communication capabilities, portable computers having wireless communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital cameras having wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices having wireless communication capabilities, music storage and playback appliances having wireless communication capabilities, Internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and browsing, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions.
The example embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented by computer software or computer program code executable by one or more of the processors 1005, 1015 of the NE 1001 and the UE 1011, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
The MEMs 1004 and 1014 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. The processors 1005 and 1015 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
Without in any way limiting the scope, interpretation, or application of the claims appearing below, a technical effect of one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein may be allowing the UE to adapt its power level effectively during various situations. This helps to mitigate the interference variations or their effect, caused by dynamic subframe allocation, and to protect control signals efficiently in an eICIC system.
Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in software, hardware, application logic or a combination of software, hardware and application logic. The software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on an apparatus such as a user equipment, a Node B or other mobile communication devices. If desired, part of the software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on an eNode B/base station 1001, part of the software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on a user equipment 1011, and part of the software, application logic and/or hardware may reside on other chipset or integrated circuit. In an example embodiment, the application logic, software or an instruction set is maintained on any one of various conventional computer-readable media. In the context of this document, a “computer-readable medium” may be any media or means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable medium may comprise a computer-readable storage medium that may be any media or means that can contain or store the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Although various aspects of the invention are set out in the independent claims, other aspects of the invention comprise other combinations of features from the described embodiments and/or the dependent claims with the features of the independent claims, and not solely the combinations explicitly set out in the claims.
It is also noted herein that while the above describes example embodiments of the invention, these descriptions should not be viewed in a limiting sense. Rather, there are several variations and modifications which may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
For example, while the example embodiments have been described above in the context of the LTE system for uplink power control, it should be appreciated that the example embodiments of this invention are not limited for use with only this one particular type of wireless communication system, and that they may be used to advantage in other wireless communication systems and in downlink power control.
Further, the various names used for the described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any respect, as these parameters may be identified by any suitable names. Further, the various names assigned to different channels (e.g., PDCCH, etc.) are not intended to be limiting in any respect, as these various channels may be identified by any suitable names.
If desired, the different functions discussed herein may be performed in a different order and/or concurrently with each other. Furthermore, if desired, one or more of the above-described functions may be optional or may be combined. As such, the foregoing description should be considered as merely illustrative of the principles, teachings and example embodiments of this invention, and not in limitation thereof.
Claims
1. A method, comprising:
- processing at a user equipment a communication with a network element, wherein the communication comprising one or more frames, and wherein each of the one or more frames comprises at least two subframes;
- receiving at the user equipment a signal indicating a definition of subframe groups each comprising at least one of the at least two subframes in a time domain, wherein the definition defines a plurality of subframes which are subjected to power control as a subframe group;
- receiving at the user equipment separate reference power levels for each of the subframe groups, wherein the reference power levels define a power level for the user equipment to use during a transmission;
- receiving at the user equipment a power control command for controlling a transmission power associated with at least one of the subframe groups; and
- controlling power at the user equipment by applying the power control command to the reference power levels for at least one of the subframe groups.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein applying the power control command comprises at least one of applying the power control command to at least one of the at least two subframes where the communication is scheduled, applying the power control command to a plurality of the subframe groups where the communication is scheduled, and applying the power control command to at least one of the at least two subframes where the communication is scheduled and the corresponding subframes in a same one of the subframe groups.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the transmission power of at least one of the subframes is based at least on the received power control command and the transmission power of a previous subframe belonging to the same one of the subframe groups.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a timing relationship between at least one of the at least two subframes where the power control command is received and another of the subframes where the power control command is applied, is predefined.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein receiving a power control command comprises receiving separate power control commands for each of the subframe groups in a single message with a power control command index assigned for each of the subframe groups.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the power control command is an accumulative power control command.
7. An apparatus, comprising:
- at least one processor; and
- at least one memory including computer program code,
- wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
- process at a user equipment a communication with a network element, wherein the communication comprising one or more frames, and wherein each of the one or more frames comprises at least two subframes;
- receive at the user equipment a signaling indicating a definition of subframe groups each comprising at least one of the at least two subframes in a time domain, wherein the definition defines a plurality of subframes which are subjected to power control as a subframe group;
- receive at the user equipment separate reference power levels for each of the subframe groups, wherein the reference power levels define a power level for the user equipment to use during a transmission;
- receive at the user equipment a power control command for controlling a transmission power associated with at least one of the subframe groups; and
- control power at the user equipment by applying the power control command to the reference power levels for at least one of the subframe groups.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the power control command is applied to at least one of the subframes where the communication is scheduled, a plurality of subframe groups where the communication is scheduled, and at least one of the subframes where the communication is scheduled and the corresponding subframes in a same one of the subframe groups.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the transmission power of at least one of the subframes is based at least on the received power control command and the transmission power of a previous subframe belonging to the same one of the subframe groups.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the timing relationship between at least one of the subframes where the power control command is received and another of the subframes where the power control command is applied, is predefined.
11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the power control command is received as separate power control commands for each of the subframe groups in a single message with a power control command index assigned for each of the subframe groups.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the power control command is an accumulative power control command.
13. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium bearing computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer, the computer program code when executed in hardware perform a process comprising:
- processing at a user equipment a communication with a network element, wherein the communication comprising one or more frames, and wherein each of the one or more frames comprises at least two subframes;
- receiving at the user equipment a signaling indicating a definition of subframe groups each comprising at least one of the at least two subframes in a time domain, wherein the definition defines a plurality of subframes which are subjected to power control as a subframe group;
- receiving at the user equipment separate reference power levels for each of the subframe groups, wherein the reference power levels define a power level for the user equipment to use during a transmission;
- receiving at the user equipment a power control command for controlling a transmission power associated with at least one of the subframe groups; and
- controlling power at the user equipment by applying the power control command to the reference power levels for at least one of the subframe groups.
14. The computer program product as claimed in claim 13, wherein the computer program code for applying the power control command comprises code for at least one of applying the power control command to at least one of the subframes where the communication is scheduled, applying the power control command to a plurality of subframe groups where the communication is scheduled, and applying the power control command to at least one of the subframes where the communication is scheduled and the corresponding subframes in a same one of the subframe groups.
15. The computer program product as claimed in claim 14, wherein the transmission power of at least one of the subframes is based at least on the received power control command and the transmission power of a previous subframe belonging to the same one of the subframe groups.
16. The computer program product as claimed in claim 13, wherein the timing relationship between at least one of the subframes where the power control command is received and another of the subframes where the power control command is applied, is predefined.
17. The computer program product as claimed in claim 13, wherein the computer program code for receiving a power control command comprises code for receiving separate power control commands for each of the subframe groups in a single message with a power control command index assigned for each of the subframe groups.
18. The computer program product as claimed in claim 13, wherein the power control command is an accumulative power control command.
19. A method, comprising:
- processing a communication with a user equipment, wherein the communication comprising one or more frames, and wherein each of the one or more frames comprises at least two subframes;
- defining various subframe groups each comprising at least one of the at least two subframes in a time domain;
- generating a signaling indicating a definition of the subframe groups, wherein the definition defines a plurality of subframes which are subjected to power control as a subframe group;
- generating separate reference power levels for at least one of the subframe groups, wherein the reference power levels define a power level for a user equipment to use during a transmission;
- generating a power control command for controlling a transmission power of the user equipment associated with at least one of the subframe groups; and
- transmitting the signaling indicating the definition of the subframe groups, the reference power levels, and the power control command to the user equipment.
20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein defining that the various subframe groups comprise at least one of measuring interference levels at each of the subframes and exchanging information between network elements on selected frame configurations.
21. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein generating of the a power control command comprises generating separate power control commands for each of the subframe groups in a single message with a power control command index assigned for each of the subframe groups.
22. An apparatus, comprising:
- at least one processor; and
- at least one memory including computer program code,
- wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
- process a communication with a user equipment, wherein the communication comprising one or more frames, and wherein each of the one or more frames comprises at least two subframes;
- define various subframe groups each comprising at least one of the at least two subframes in a time domain;
- generate a signaling indicating a definition of the subframe groups, wherein the definition defines a plurality of subframes which are subjected to power control as a subframe group;
- generate separate reference power levels for at least one of the subframe groups, wherein the reference power levels define a power level for the user equipment to use during a transmission; and
- generate a power control command for controlling a transmission power of the user equipment associated with at least one of the subframe groups; and
- transmit the signaling indicating the definition of the subframe groups, the reference power levels, and the power control command to the user equipment.
23. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium bearing computer program code embodied therein for use with a computer, the computer program code when executed in hardware perform a process comprising:
- processing a communication with a user equipment, wherein the communication comprising one or more frames, and wherein each of the one or more frames comprises at least two subframes;
- defining various subframe groups each comprising at least one of the at least two subframes in a time domain;
- generating a signaling indicating a definition of the subframe groups, wherein the definition defines a plurality of subframes which are subjected to power control as a subframe group;
- generating separate reference power levels for at least one of the subframe groups, wherein the reference power levels define a power level for the user equipment to use during a transmission;
- generating a power control command for controlling a transmission power of the user equipment associated with at least one of the subframe groups; and
- transmitting the signaling indicating the definition of the subframe groups, the reference power levels, and the power control command to the user equipment.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Jun 28, 2012
Date of Patent: Mar 19, 2019
Patent Publication Number: 20140133366
Assignee: NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY (Espoo)
Inventors: Cássio Barboza Ribeiro (Espoo), Juha Sakari Korhonen (Espoo), Esa Tapani Tiirola (Kempele), Kari Pekka Pajukoski (Oulu)
Primary Examiner: Salvador E Rivas
Application Number: 14/233,367
International Classification: H04W 52/18 (20090101); H04W 52/24 (20090101); H04W 52/14 (20090101); H04W 52/58 (20090101); H04J 3/16 (20060101); H04W 52/34 (20090101); H04W 52/22 (20090101);