Roller track device for moving a load in a substantially horizontal plane
The invention concerns a roller track device based on simple kinematics without energy input, enabling reduction of the number of parts, of production cost of the assembly and of its space requirement, easy maintenance, and designed for being fitted on new handling apparatuses as well as for retrofitting. The roller track device (100) comprises a rail (310) bearing the static load, a guard rail (210) housed in the rail (310) and wherein are mounted rolling members (230) bearing the moving load. The guard rail (210) is coupled to a pivoting lever (410) co-operating with a lift bar (450) directly mounted on a machine (20) for moving the guard rail (210) relative to the rail (310) between a low position and a high position, wherein the load is supported either by the rail (310) or by the guard rail (210). The pivoting lever (410) transforms the vertical upward force exerted by the lift bar (450) into a horizontal force on the guard rail (210) to move it in horizontal translation (Th). The rail (310) comprises inclined ramps (331) co-operating with the rolling members (230) to move it in vertical translation (Tv) simultaneously with its horizontal movement (Th). The invention is useful for transferring heavy loads in a substantially horizontal plane between a fork handling apparatus and a machine such as a machine-tool, a press, and injection machine and the like.
The present invention concerns a roller track device for moving a load in a substantially horizontal plane between a load handling apparatus and a machine, said device being used to equip the forks on said handling apparatus and comprising at least one rail defining at least one plane contact surface capable of supporting said load when it is static, said rail being hollow, substantially horizontal, and having a longitudinal opening, at least one counter-rail housed within said rail within which roller devices are attached opposite said longitudinal opening, said roller elements being contained in a plane that is generally parallel to said surface and being capable of supporting said load when it is moving, at least one of the structures being associated with actuation means so to be movable relative to the other between at least a lower position and an upper position, in which positions the load is supported either by the rail or by the counter-rail, said actuation means displacing the structure known as the movable structure in at least horizontal translation, and lifting means located between the two structures so as to generate vertical displacement of the structure known as the movable structure simultaneous with its horizontal displacement. The present invention also concerns a handling device with forks that is equipped with such a roller device.
In industry, load handling platforms such as, for example, elevator cars and stacking equipment are currently used to handle heavy loads. These heavy loads might consist of tools for machine tools, presses used to cut or stamp metal, or molds or forms used in the injection of synthetic material, etc. Generally, loads of less than two tons are transported on load handling platforms, while loads from two to ten tons are transported using fork apparatuses. Loads of over ten tons are transported by cranes.
To facilitate the transfer of loads in the horizontal plane from the handling platform to the machine tool or vice versa, handling equipment now in use is provided with a roller device integral with the forks, designed to support the load and displace it without friction on the free roller devices. This handling equipment may also be provided with articulated arms designed to push or pull the load. The roller device generally comprises a “roller support structure” surmounted by a “load support structure.” The function of the load support structure is to support the load while the handling apparatus moves, whereas the function of the roller support structure is to support it without friction in order to effect the transfer. Passing the load from one structure to the other and vice versa is accomplished through the displacement of one structure relative to the other so that the roller devices on the roller-support structure can be retracted or extended relative to the load support structure, said relative displacement being controlled by means of manual or automatic actuators.
In load handling devices using forks, this relative movement is generally controlled automatically either by a block provided on the machine tool and cooperating with said movable structure when the forks are attached, or by a cylinder integrated within the handling apparatus.
In Publication DE-A-36 20 964 displacement of the structure called the movable structure is generated by a stop when the forks are attached to the machine tool, which causes the roller support structure to rise by making it pivot on an axle located in the tablet of the load handling apparatus. This is not a satisfactory solution because it requires a broad amplitude of movement, which increases the time required to transfer the load and necessitates use of large fork due to this amplitude. Moreover, the load is not uniformly distributed and there is no guaranty of simultaneous movement between the roller support structures, leading to premature wear and deterioration of the roller device. In addition, this system cannot be adapted to equip load handling apparatuses already in use.
In Publications U.S. Pat. No. 3,243,029, U.S. Pat. No. 4,930,612 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,515, displacement of the structure called the movable structure is accomplished by a cylinder that raises the roller support structure through the intermediary of inclined ramp systems or bearings. These solutions are unsatisfactory as well, since they require a specific external energy source for supplying the cylinder or cylinders. These approaches are complex, expensive, and require a lot of space. Moreover, their design does not facilitate cleaning and maintenance of the roller devices, since the roller support device is difficult to disassemble. Finally, they are not suitable for retrofitting load handling apparatuses already in use.
The present invention proposes overcoming these disadvantages with a roller device based on simple kinematics without any outside energy source which limits the number of pieces, reduces both the cost and space requirements for the unit, facilitates maintenance and cleaning, and which is suitable for both new apparatus and retrofitting existing ones.
To achieve this, the invention concerns a roller device of the type indicated in the preamble characterized in that the actuation means comprises at least one block designed to be installed on said machine and at least one actuator located between the two structures which cooperates with said block so as to transform a vertical force exerted by said block on said actuator into a horizontal force exerted by said actuator onto said structure called the movable structure, displacing it in horizontal translation when the forks of the load handling devices are attached to said machine.
In a preferred embodiment the lifting means comprises inclined ramps integral with said rail which cooperate with said roller elements on said counter-rail. These inclined ramps define at least a first zone which allows at least the tops of the roller elements to project, a second zone designed to cover the roller elements, and an intermediate zone designed to form, in combination with the roller elements, the lifting ramps. Each roller element advantageously comprises at least one roller designed to support the load in position for motion, said roller being attached to a generally horizontal axle between two rollers of smaller diameter, with the rollers being in contact with the inclined ramps.
In a variation the lifting means may comprise articulated bearings having one extremity connected to said rail and other extremity connected to said counter-rail.
Said actuator may be chosen from the group comprising at least a pivoting lever, a ball and socket, a rotating device, or a cylinder.
Preferably the rail is fixed and the counter-rail supporting the roller elements is movable and cooperates with said actuator, the purpose of said actuator being to displace the counter-rail from its lower position to its upper position when it is in contact with the block and to allow the counter-rail to descend by gravity when it is no longer in contact with the block.
In a first variation, the actuator comprises at least one pivoting lever attached to the rail by an axle oriented in a generally perpendicular to the direction of horizontal displacement of the counter-rail, said pivoting lever comprising at least two contact zones located on either side of the axle, one of which is in contact with the counter-rail and the other of which cooperates with said block. This pivoting lever comprises at least one roller located between the two contact zones and designed to supplement the roller elements on the counter-rail when it is in the upper position.
In a second variation the actuator comprises at least one pivoting lever attached to said counter-rail by an axle oriented generally perpendicular to the direction of horizontal displacement of the counter-rail, said pivoting lever comprising at least two contact zones, one of which is in contact with the rail and the other of which cooperates with said block. One of the contact zones preferably constitutes a ramp capable of cooperating with a rotating element integral with said rail.
In a third variation, the actuator comprises at least one rotating element attached to said counter-rail by an axle oriented generally perpendicular to the direction of horizontal displacement of the counter-rail, said rotating element being designed to move along an inclined ramp integral with said block, said rail being guided in vertical translation within said block by a tenon-slide system.
In a fourth variation the actuator comprises at least one ball and socket consisting of at least one contact zone located at the intersection of two articulated lever arms and respectively connected to said rail and said counter-rail along two axles generally perpendicular to the direction of horizontal displacement of said counter-rail, with the contact zone being designed to cooperate with said block. The contact zones advantageously consist of rotating elements.
In a fifth embodiment the actuator comprises at least one double cylinder, a first piston of which cooperates with said counter-rail and is oriented generally perpendicular to the direction of its horizontal displacement, with the second piston cooperating with said block and oriented generally perpendicular to said first piston. The second piston is preferably associated with a recall device. The piston chambers may be separate and connected by at least one conduit housed within the rail.
In a sixth embodiment the actuator comprises at least one rotating element attached to the rail by an axle oriented generally perpendicular to the direction of horizontal displacement of the counter-rail and guided translationally within the rail by grooves, said rotating element cooperating with two ramps that are provided on the rail and the counter-rail, respectively, at least one of the ramps being inclined. This rotating element comprises at least three coaxial rollers of different diameters, at least two of which are movable in relation to each other, said rollers cooperating respectively with the ramp integral with the rail, the ramp integral with the counter-rail, and the block.
The block is preferably selected from among at least a tie rod which can receive the front extremity of said forks and a machine table, said block being at least partially shaped to be compatible with the actuator.
For the same purpose, the invention concerns a load handling apparatus with forks of the type indicated in the preamble characterized in that it comprises at least one roller device as defined above.
The advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description of several embodiments cited by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:
With reference to
This roller device 100 comprises a roller support structure 200 comprising roller elements 230 surmounted by a load support structure 300 having a plane contact surface S provided with an opening 320 which allows at least the tops of the roller devices 230 to be visible. In this embodiment, and as shown schematically by
Roller support structure 200 is associated with actuation means 400 which displace it in horizontal translation Th along a course Ch and with lifting means 500 which displace it in vertical translation Tv on a course Cv simultaneously with horizontal displacement Th, with course Cv being shorter than course Ch. The originality of roller device 100 of the invention resides in the fact that the actuating means 400 is mechanical and automatic, integrated within roller device 100, occupies only a small space, and does not require any energy input. The other originality resides in the lifting means 500 which, rather than consisting of supplemental expensive and complicated mechanisms, is directly integrated within load support structure 300 and roller support structure 200. It is the specific result of moving contact between pieces 330, 240 respectively provided on load support structure 300 and roller support structure 200, said pieces 330, 240 being specifically shaped to form a lifting ramp as explained below.
In the example shown, load support structure 300 consists of a hollow, U-shaped rail 310 for use in the horizontal position defining a longitudinal opening 320 in the upper portion and an interior housing receiving roller support structure 200. Said rail 310 comprises at its rear extremity a vertical support 340 forming a fork 10, said support being equipped with jaws 341 allowing said fork 10 to be attached to the same place and in the same position as the existing forks on a standard load handling device. At its front extremity, said rail 310 comprises a lower notch 350 capable of engaging with a tie rod on a machine 20, for example. Inside rail 310 blocks 330 with inclined ramps 331 are attached, each block 330 comprising two parallel inclined ramps 331. These inclined ramps 331 define at least one first zone 331a which allows at least the tops of roller elements 230 to project, a second zone 331b for covering roller elements 230, and an intermediate zone 331c which forms, in combination with roller elements 230, the lifting means 500.
The roller support structure 200 constitutes a counter-rail 210 open from side to side and with dimensions that are complementary to those of the interior housing in rail 310 so as to be freely movable within said rail 310 in horizontal translation Th and in vertical translation Tv. Said counter rail 210 is guided within rail 310 by their respective lateral sides. It comprises a plurality of rollers 230 aligned along its median axle in a plane parallel to plane contact surface S of rail 310, said rollers 230 being essentially cylindrical and constituting the roller elements. Each roller 230 is freely attached to a transverse axle 220 integral with counter-rail 210. Each transverse axle 220 also supports two rollers 240 located on either side of roller 230, having a smaller diameter than roller 230 and positioned opposite and in contact with ramps 331 on a block 330.
Roller support structure 200 is associated with an actuation means 400 which, in the example shown, is mechanical and automatic, and comprises a block consisting of the tie rod 450 attached to machine 20 and an actuator in the form of a pivoting lever 410 integral with roller device 100 and cooperating with said block. The tie rod may be attached to machine 20 with clamps 451 or any other appropriate means. Pivoting lever 410 is generally triangular with three tips and located in front of counter-rail 210 in the area of the front extremity of rail 310. This pivoting lever 410 is attached to an axle 420 integral with rail 310 and perpendicular to direction Th. It is designed to transform a vertical force exerted by tie rod 450 when forks 10 are attached to machine 20 into a horizontal force capable of displacing counter-rail 210 in horizontal translation. Therefore, the force transmitted by this pivoting lever 410 to counter rail 210 is generally proportionate to the size of load 1. Said pivoting lever 410 comprises three distinct contact zones forming the three tips of the triangle and constituting roller elements: a roller 430 located opposite lower notch 350 on rail 310 and disposed to contact tie rod 450, a roller 440 in moving contact with the front extremity of counter-rail 210, and a roller 230 disposed to complement roller elements 230 on roller support structure 200. Obviously the actuator may consist of any other equivalent means such as, for example, a cylinder (cf.
It is clearly apparent that the roller device according to the invention originates from a simple kinematic concept. For this reason it is economical to buy as well as to maintain; it occupies a small amount of space and it is durable. More specifically, counter-rail 210 can be easily removed from rail 310 to facilitate cleaning and maintenance. Because the actuator is integral with rail 310, it does not interfere with the performance of the load handling device. The advantage of this actuator is that it is automatically and mechanically activated by a block while the forks are being attached to the machine, without any energy input.
The roller device as described can be sold with forks to retrofit load-handling apparatuses already in use, or integrated into new equipment. It is for this reason that the invention also applies to load-handling apparatuses (not shown) equipped with such a roller device.
The present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art while still remaining within the scope of protection defined by the attached claims.
Claims
1-21. (canceled)
22. A roller device (100-180) for displacing a load (1) in a generally horizontal plane between a load handling apparatus with forks and a machine (20), the device being designed to equip the forks (10) of a handling device, the roller device comprising;
- at least one rail (310) defining at least one plane contact surface (S) capable of supporting the load (1) when the load is static, the rail (310) being hollow, generally horizontal, and provided with a longitudinal opening (320);
- at least one counter-rail (210) housed inside the rail (310) and inside of which roller elements (230) are attached opposite the longitudinal opening (320), the roller elements (230) being located in a plane that is generally parallel to the surface (S) and capable of supporting the load (1) when the load is moving; and
- an actuating means (400, 400′, 600-1000) being connected to at least one of the rail (310) and the counter-rail (210) so as to be movable relative to another of the rail (310) and the counter-rail (210) between at least one lower position and one upper position, in the upper and the lower positions, the load is supported either by the rail (310) or by the counter-rail (210), the actuating means being disposed to displace the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) in at least a horizontal translation (Th), with lifting means (500, 500′) being disposed between the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) to cause the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) to move in a vertical displacement (Tv) simultaneously with the horizontal displacement (Th), the actuating means (400, 400′, 610-1100) comprises,
- at least one block (450, 20′, 650-1150) designed to be attached to the machine (20), and
- at least one actuator (410, 410′, 610-1110) disposed between the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) and designed to cooperate with the block and to transform a vertical force exerted by the block on the actuator into a horizontal force exerted by the actuator on the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) to displace the load in the horizontal translation (Th) when the forks (10) on the load handling apparatus are connected to the machine (20).
23. The roller device (100-130, 150-180) according to claim 22, wherein the lifting means (500) comprises inclined ramps (331) integral with the rail (310) and designed to cooperate with the roller elements (230) on the counter-rail (210).
24. The roller device according to claim 23, wherein the inclined ramps (331) define at least a first zone (331a) designed to allow at least tops of the roller elements (230) to project, a second zone (331b) designed to cover the roller elements (230), and an intermediate zone (331c) forming, in combination with the roller elements, the lifting ramps.
25. The roller device according to claim 24, wherein each of the roller elements comprise at least one roller (230) designed to support the load (1) in a moving position, the roller (230) being attached to a generally horizontal axle (220) between two other rollers (240) of smaller diameter, the two other rollers (240) being in contact with the inclined ramps (331).
26. The roller device (140) according to claim 22, wherein the lifting means (500′) comprises articulated bearings (510) having a first extremity connected to the rail (310) and a second extremity connected to the counter-rail (210).
27. The roller device according to claim 22, wherein the actuator is chosen from a group comprising at least a pivoting lever (410, 410′), a ball and socket (710), a rotating element (610), and a cylinder (810, 910).
28. The roller device according to claim 22, wherein the rail (310) is fixed and the counter-rail (210) supporting the roller elements (230) is movable and cooperates with the actuator (410, 410′, 610-1110), the actuator being designed to displace the counter-rail (210) from the lower position to the upper position when in contact with the block (450, 20′, 650-1150) and to allow the counter-rail (210) to descend into the lower position by gravity when the counter-rail (210) is no longer in contact with the block.
29. The roller device (100) according to claim 28, wherein the actuator comprises at least one pivoting lever (410) attached to the rail (310) by an axle (420) oriented in a generally perpendicular direction to a direction of the horizontal displacement (Th) of the counter-rail (210), the pivoting lever (410) comprising at least two contact zones (430, 440) located on either side of the axle (420), a first contact zone (440) is in contact with the counter-rail (210) and a second contact zone (430) is designed to cooperate with the block (450).
30. The roller device according to claim 29, wherein the pivoting lever (410) comprises at least a first roller element (230) located between the two contact zones (430, 440) and designed to complement the roller elements (230) on the counter-rail (210) when the counter-rail (210) is in the upper position.
31. The roller device (110) according to claim 28, wherein the actuator comprises at least one pivoting lever (410′) attached to the counter-rail (210) by an axle (420′) oriented in a generally perpendicular direction to a direction of horizontal displacement (Th) by the counter-rail (210), the pivoting lever (410) comprising at least two contact zones (430′, 440′), a first contact zone (440′) is in contact with the rail (310) and a second contact zone (430′) is designed to cooperate with the block
32. The roller device according to claim 31, wherein the first contact zone (440′) consists of a travel ramp capable of cooperating with a rotating element (441′) integral with the rail (310).
33. The roller device (120) according to claim 28, wherein the actuator comprises at least one rotating element (610) attached to the counter-rail (210) by an axle oriented in a generally perpendicular direction to a direction of horizontal displacement (Th) of the counter-rail, the rotating element (610) being designed to move along an inclined ramp (620) integrated within the block (650), the rail (310) being guided in vertical translation within the block (650) by a tenon (630) and a slide (640) system.
34. The roller device (130, 140) according to claim 28, wherein the actuator comprises at least one ball and socket (710) having at least one contact zone (720) disposed at an intersection of two articulated lever arms (730) respectively connected to the rail (310) and to the counter-rail (210) along axles that are generally perpendicular to the horizontal displacement (Th) of the counter-rail (210), the contact zone (720) being designed to cooperate with the block (750).
35. The roller device according to claim 29, wherein the contact zones (430, 440, 430′, 720) are comprised of rotating elements.
36. The roller device (150, 160) according to claim 28, wherein the actuator comprises at least one double cylinder (810, 910), a first piston (840, 940) of which cooperates with the counter-rail (210) and is generally parallel to the horizontal displacement (Th), and a second piston (820, 920) of which is designed to cooperate with the block (850, 950) and is generally perpendicular relative to the first piston (840, 940).
37. The roller device according to claim 36, wherein the second piston (820, 920) is associated with a recall means (830, 930).
38. The roller device (160) according to claim 36, wherein chambers (911, 913) of the first and the second pistons (920, 940) are separate and interconnected by at least one conduit (912) housed in the rail (310).
39. The roller device (170, 180) according to claim 28, wherein the actuator comprises at least one rotating element (1010, 1110) attached to the rail (310) by an axle (1011, 1111) oriented generally perpendicular to the horizontal displacement (Th) of the counter-rail (210) and guided in translation within the rail (310) by grooves (1021, 1121), the rotating element (1010, 1110) being designed to cooperate with two ramps (1020, 211; 311, 1120) provided on the rail (310) and the counter-rail (210), respectively, at least one of the ramps (1020, 1120) being inclined.
40. The roller device according to claim 39, wherein the rotating element (1010, 1110) comprises at least three coaxial rollers (1012, 1013, 1014; 1112, 1113, 1114) of different diameters, at least two of the three coaxial rollers are movable in relation to each other, the two of the three coaxial rollers being designed to respectively cooperate with the ramp (1021, 311) integral with the rail (310), the ramp (211, 1120) integral with the counter-rail (210), and the block (1050, 1150).
41. The roller device according to claim 22, wherein the block is selected from among at least a tie rod (450, 650-1150) capable of receiving a front extremity of the forks (10) and a machine table (10′), and is at least partially shaped to be compatible with the actuator (410, 410′, 610-1110).
42. A load handling device with forks for displacing a load (1) in a generally horizontal plane between the load handling device and a machine (20), the forks (10) comprise the roller device (100-180), the device being designed to equip the forks (10) of a handling device, the roller device comprising;
- at least one rail (310) defining at least one plane contact surface (S) capable of supporting the load (1) when the load is static, the rail (310) being hollow, generally horizontal, and provided with a longitudinal opening (320);
- at least one counter-rail (210) housed inside the rail (310) and inside of which roller elements (230) are attached opposite the longitudinal opening (320), the roller elements (230) being located in a plane that is generally parallel to the surface (S) and capable of supporting the load (1) when the load is moving; and
- an actuating means (400, 400′, 600-1000) being connected to at least one of the rail (310) and the counter-rail (210) so as to be movable relative to another of the rail (310) and the counter-rail (210) between at least one lower position and one upper position, in the upper and the lower positions, the load is supported either by the rail (310) or by the counter-rail (210), the actuating means being disposed to displace the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) in at least a horizontal translation (Th), with lifting means (500, 500′) being disposed between the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) to cause the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) to move in a vertical displacement (Tv) simultaneously with the horizontal displacement (Th), the actuating means (400, 400′, 610-1100) comprises,
- at least one block (450, 20′, 650-1150) designed to be attached to the machine (20), and
- at least one actuator (410, 410′, 610-1110) disposed between the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) and designed to cooperate with the block and to transform a vertical force exerted by the block on the actuator into a horizontal force exerted by the actuator on the at least one rail (210) and the at least one counter rail (310) to displace the load in the horizontal translation (Th) when the forks (10) on the load handling apparatus are connected to the machine (20).
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 21, 2003
Publication Date: Mar 16, 2006
Inventor: Pierre Marcelli (Laveze)
Application Number: 10/532,145
International Classification: B65G 13/00 (20060101);