Compact system module with built-in thermoelectric cooling
An improved integrated circuit package for providing built-in heating or cooling to a semiconductor chip is provided. The improved integrated circuit package provides increased operational bandwidth between different circuit devices, e.g. logic and memory chips. The improved integrated circuit package does not require changes in current CMOS processing techniques. The structure includes the use of a silicon interposer. The silicon interposer can consist of recycled rejected wafers from the front-end semiconductor processing. Micro-machined vias are formed through the silicon interposer. The micro-machined vias include electrical contacts which couple various integrated circuit devices located on the opposing surfaces of the silicon interposer. The packaging includes a Peltier element.
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This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/606,539 filed Jun. 26, 2003, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/144,307 filed on Aug. 31, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,586,835, which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to semiconductor integrated circuits. More particularly, it pertains to a compact system module with built-in thermoelectric cooling.
2. Background of the Invention
Integrated circuit technology relies on transistors to formulate vast arrays of functional circuits. The complexity of these circuits requires the use of an ever increasing number of linked transistors. As the number of transistors required increases, the integrated circuitry dimensions shrink. It is one objective in the semiconductor industry to construct transistors and other discrete devices which occupy less surface area on a given silicon chip/die. At the same time, the semiconductor industry seeks to increase the speed and power offered by integrated circuits. One approach to the latter challenge is through the development of improved methods for electrically connecting and packaging circuit devices which are fabricated on the same or on different silicon chips.
Ideally, we would like to build a computing system by fabricating all the necessary integrated circuits on one wafer or chip, as compared with today's method of fabricating many chips of different functions and packaging them to assemble a system. A true “system on a chip” would greatly improve integrated circuit performance and provide higher bandwidth. Unfortunately, it is very difficult with today's technology to implement a truly high-performance “system on a chip” because of vastly different fabrication processes and different manufacturing yields for the logic and memory circuits.
As a compromise, various “system modules” have been introduced that electrically connect and package circuit devices which are fabricated on the same or on different semiconductor chips. These began with simply stacking two semiconductor chips, e.g. a logic and memory chip, one on top of the other in an arrangement commonly referred to as chip-on-chip (COC) structure. Chip-on-chip structure most commonly utilizes micro bump bonding technology (MBB) to electrically connect the two chips. Several problems, however, remain inherent with this design structure. One serious complication includes the heating which occurs most seriously in connection with a logic chip such as a microprocessor. In high-performance microprocessors, where CPUs are running at 500 MHz and dissipating up to 85 watts of power, cooling becomes a crucial issue.
Usually, the cooling of such a package is accomplished by forced air. In certain applications, however, forced air cooling is not feasible or practical. Examples of such applications include computers to be used in outer space, in a vacuum environment on earth, or in clean rooms where air circulation is not desirable. For these and other instances, a different method of cooling is required. Another cooling method includes liquid cooling, such as the forced water cooling used in the thermal conduction modules of 113M main frame computers and forced freon cooling used in Cray supercomputers. Still, liquid cooling methods can also prove too bulky, costly, and not easily adapted for use in compact high-performance integrated circuit systems, e.g. portable devices.
Thus, it is desirable to develop an improved structure and method for cooling high performance integrated circuit systems. Additionally, the improved structure and method should accommodate a dense integration and packaging for semiconductor chips, e.g. logic and memory chips.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe above mentioned problems with integrated circuits and other problems are addressed by the present invention and will be understood by reading and studying the following specification. An integrated circuit package which accords improved performance is provided.
In particular, an improved integrated circuit package for providing built-in heating or cooling to a semiconductor chip is provided. The improved integrated circuit package provides increased operational bandwidth between different circuit devices, e.g. logic and memory chips. The improved integrated circuit package does not require changes in current CMOS processing techniques. The structure includes the use of a silicon interposer. The silicon interposer can consist of recycled rejected wafers-from the front-end semiconductor processing. Micro-machined vias are formed through the silicon interposer. The micro-machined vias include electrical contacts which couple various integrated circuit devices located on the opposing surfaces of the silicon interposer. The packaging includes a Peltier element.
The Peltier element, using semiconductor-based materials, functions as a small heat pump. By applying a low-voltage d-c current to the Peltier element thermal energy is transferred with the effect that one portion of the Peltier element is cooled and another heated. In one embodiment, the heated portion of the Peltier element is in contact with a heat sink or the outer cover of the integrated circuit package and the cooled portion is in contact with a semiconductor chip. Thus providing improved cooling for high frequency, high speed microprocessor chip components. In an alternative embodiment, the arrangement is reversed. This design has no moving parts, is small in size and lightweight, and has the ability to cool below or heat above the ambient temperature surrounding integrated circuit devices.
These and other embodiments, aspects, advantages, and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following description of the invention and referenced drawings or by practice of the invention. The aspects, advantages, and features of the invention are realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities, procedures, and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following detailed description of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In the drawings, like numerals describe substantially similar components throughout the several views. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The terms wafer and substrate used in the following description include any structure having an exposed surface with which to form the integrated circuit (IC) structure of the invention. The term substrate is understood to include semiconductor wafers. The term substrate is also used to refer to semiconductor structures during processing, and may include other layers that have been fabricated thereupon. Both wafer and substrate include doped and undoped semiconductors, epitaxial semiconductor layers supported by a base semiconductor or insulator, as well as other semiconductor structures well known to one skilled in the art. The term conductor is understood to include semiconductors, and the term insulator is defined to include any material that is less electrically conductive than the materials referred to as conductors. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
The term “horizontal” as used in this application is defined as a plane parallel to the conventional plane or surface of a wafer or substrate, regardless of the orientation of the wafer or substrate. The term “vertical” refers to a direction perpendicular to the horizonal as defined above. Prepositions, such as “on”, “side” (as in “sidewall”), “higher”, “lower”, “over” and “under” are defined with respect to the conventional plane or surface being on the top surface of the wafer or substrate, regardless of the orientation of the wafer or substrate.
Throughout this specification the designation “n+” refers to semiconductor material that is heavily doped n-type semiconductor material, e.g., monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon. Similarly, the designation “p+” refers to semiconductor material that is heavily doped p-type semiconductor material. The designations “n−” and “p−” refer to lightly doped n and p-type semiconductor materials, respectively.
Several illustrative embodiments of the present invention are provided below. In one illustrative embodiment of the present invention includes an electronic packaging assembly. The electronic packaging assembly includes a silicon interposer which has a first and second, or opposing sides. At least one semiconductor chip is provided on a first side of the silicon interposer. The semiconductor chip on the first side of the silicon interposer is coupled to a metal-to-semiconductor junction. At least one semiconductor chip is similarly provided on a second side of the silicon interposer. A number of electrical connections are formed through the silicon interposer and couple the semiconductor chips located on each side of the silicon interposer.
In another embodiment, an electronic system module is provided the electronic system module includes a silicon interposer having opposing surfaces. A microprocessor, which has a circuit side, faces a first one of the opposing surfaces of the silicon interposer. The microprocessor on the first side of the silicon interposer is coupled to a metal-to-semiconductor junction. A memory chip, which has a circuit side, faces a second one of the opposing surfaces of the silicon interposer. A number of electrical connections extend through the silicon interposer and couple the circuit side of the microprocessor to the circuit side of the memory chip.
In another embodiment, a computer system is provided. The computer system includes an electronic packaging assembly as presented and described above. A number of external devices are connected to the electronic packaging assembly by a system bus.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for cooling an integrated circuit is provided. The method includes using, or providing, a silicon interposer with opposing sides and coupling a first semiconductor chip to a first side and coupling a second semiconductor chip to a second side of the silicon interposer. A number of electrical connections through the silicon interposer electrically connect the first semiconductor chip to the second semiconductor. The method further includes forming a metal-to-semiconductor junction connected to the first semiconductor chip. A current is then passed through the metal-to-semiconductor junction in a direction so as to draw thermal energy away from the first semiconductor chip.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for heating an integrated circuit is provided. The method includes using, or providing, a silicon interposer with opposing sides and coupling a first semiconductor chip to a first side and coupling a second semiconductor chip to a second side of the silicon interposer. A number of electrical connections through the silicon interposer electrically connect the first semiconductor chip to the second semiconductor. The method further includes forming a metal-to-semiconductor junction connected to the first semiconductor chip. A current is then passed through the metal-to-semiconductor junction in a direction so as to draw thermal energy to the first semiconductor chip.
In alternative embodiments, the nature of the flip, or semiconductor, chips coupled to the first and second sides, 115 and 120 respectively, can be reversed or varied in any desired order. In one embodiment, capacitors are similarly included amongst the number of flip-chips, 125A, 125B, . . . , 125N, or, 125AA, 125BB, . . . 125NN, and coupled to the first or second side, 115 and 120 respectively. Likewise, microprocessors and memory chips may be coupled to the same side of the silicon interposer. In one embodiment, a second or even multiple microprocessors, capacitors, and memory chips are included in the number of flip-chips, 125A, 125B, . . . , 125N, or, 125AA, 125BB, . . . , 125NN, and are coupled with their circuit side 130 facing the first or second side, 115 and 120 respectively, of the silicon interposer 110.
In constructing the silicon interposer 110 it is of course necessary to complete all the high-temperature process steps prior to the deposition of the interconnection metallurgy. In one embodiment, the microprocessors or logic chips are included amongst the number of flip-chips, 125A, 125B, . . . , 125N, and are mounted with the circuit side 130 face-down (active circuit facing downward) to the silicon interposer 110 by a ball-grid array (BGA) 131, micro-bump bonding (MBB) 131, or controlled collapse chip connections (C-4) 131. In the same embodiment, DRAM chips which are included amongst the number of flip-chips, 125AA, 125BB, . . . , 125NN and are mounted on the other side of the silicon interposer 110 with the circuit side 130 facing upward using the same or similar connection technology. Since chips will be mounted on both sides of the interposer one must be cognizant of the effects of high temperature on the solder joints previously made. This problem may be solved either by using only localized heating to reflow the solder on the second surface 120 or by using an appropriate solder hierarchy. In one embodiment, lead 2.5% (by weight) Pb—Sn solder is used on the C-4 joints of the chips, 125A, 125B, . . . , 125N, mounted on the first side 115. In the same embodiment then, Pb-11 wt. % Sb is used for the chips, 125AA, 125BB, . . . , 125NN, mounted on the second side 120, and Pb-62 Wt % Sn is used for card soldering. In alternative embodiments, other lower-melting point alloys, for example, Ga-based alloys can also be used.
In one embodiment, as illustrate by
The Peltier effect is essentially the reverse of a thermocouple effect. When a current is passed through a circuit formed from two dissimilar metals or from a metal and a semiconductor, or even certain other alloys and compounds, one junction gives off heat and is cooled and the other absorbs heat and becomes warm. The effect is reversible, e.g., if the current is reversed, thermal energy will be drawn in the opposite direction, the cool junction becomes warm and the hot junction cools. Larger temperature differences are produced with metal-to-semiconductor junctions than with metal-to-metal junctions. A metal-n-type junction produces a temperature difference in the opposite sense to that of a metal-p-type junction for the same direction of current flow. A number of such junctions can be used to form a Peltier element, an example of which is shown in
The amount of thermal energy transferred, for a given current, depends on the conductors. The thermal energy that is emitted or absorbed with the passage of current through a junction of dissimilar conductors is called the Peltier heat. The quotient of the Peltier heat and the current is called the Peltier coefficient. Also, a coefficient of performance (COP) is defined in terms of the ratio of the quantity of absorbed heat to the inputted power.
Often, Bi2Te3 is used as the doped semiconductor material for near-room-temperature applications. Lead Telluride (PbTe) and Silicon Germanium (SiGe) are frequently used as the doped semiconductor material in higher temperature applications. Similarly suited doping techniques are employed to create the individual layers, or blocks, of Lead Telluride (PbTe) and Silicon Germanium (SiGe) compounds having distinct “n” and “p” characteristics.
As stated previously the direction of the current flow through the Peltier junction 160 will determine the direction in which heat energy is transported. The following provides several exemplary embodiments of operation with reference to
Conversely, if the layer 128 remains p-type but the current flow is reversed, e.g., the polarity of the voltage supply is reversed, then thermal energy continues to be drawn in, or follow, the direction of current flow, but the direction is now in the direction of arrow 172. In this operational embodiment of
In another exemplary embodiment of
Conversely, if the layer 128 remains n-type but the current flow is reversed, e.g., the polarity of the voltage supply is reversed, then thermal energy continues to be drawn opposite the direction of current flow, but the direction is now in the direction of arrow 170. In this operational embodiment of
As is evident from the illustrations presented above, the choice of semiconductor type material, e.g. n or p-type, and the choice of current direction can be varied without departing from the scope of the present invention. And, these above stated variables can thus be coordinated to achieve a desired objective of either heating or cooling chip 125A.
In one embodiment, shown in
In addition to the semiconductor materials presented earlier, Peltier elements can be formed from a range of other metal-to-metal, or metal-to-semiconductor combinations.
In
The following materials are also well suited for inclusion as the n-type semiconductor layers, or blocks, 202A, 202B, . . . , 202C, etc. and the p-type semiconductor layers, or blocks, 203A, 203B, . . . , 203C, etc. In one embodiment, the n-type semiconductor layers, or blocks, 202A, 202B, . . . , 202C, etc. and the p-type semiconductor layers, or blocks, 203A, 203B, . . . , 203C, etc. are formed from a superlattice comprising alternating layers of (PbTeSe)m and (BiSb)n where m and n are the number of PbTeSe and BiSb monolayers per superlattice period. In another embodiment, the n-type semiconductor layers, or blocks, 202A, 202B, . . . , 202C, etc. and the p-type semiconductor layers, or blocks, 203A, 203B, . . . , 203C, etc. include semiconductor alloys formed between Antimony (Sb) and a transition metal (T) of Group VIII, including Cobalt, Rhodium, and Iridium (Co, Rh, and Ir), and wherein the alloy has the general formula Tsb3. In this embodiment, the semiconductor alloy includes a skutterudite-type crystal lattice.
Similarly well suited to the teachings of the present invention are Peltier elements 200 fabricated by thin film technology onto the backside of an semiconductor chip. An optimization of Bi2Te3 films includes forming a Copper (Cu) and doped Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) junction using vacuum evaporation to form a thin film of p or n-doped Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3). An alternate thin film junction is formed using vacuum evaporation to form a thin film of p or n-doped Antimony Telluride (Sb2Te3). The method for such an embodiments, is provided, for example, according to the methods taught by C. Shafai and M.J. Brett, “Optimization of Bi2Te3 thin films for microintegrated Peltier heat pumps”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, vol.15, no. 5, p. 2798-801, 1997, and C. Shafai and M.J. Brett, “A micro-integrated Peltier heat pump for localized on-chip temperature control”, Canadian Journal of Physics, vol. 74, no. 1, p. S139-42, 1996.
One of ordinary skill in the art of semiconductor fabrication will, upon reading this disclosure, understand the manner in which to construct the same. As explained above in detail relative to
In
In a preferred implementation, holes 18, 20, and 22 are formed or otherwise provided prior to processing of any integrated circuitry devices over either of surfaces 14, 16. In other words, the holes are formed prior to patterning any conductive material which is associated with integrated circuitry devices to be formed over either of surfaces 14 and 16. The holes 18, 20, and 22 are formed through suitable etching techniques. Alternatively, such holes are formed or drilled with a suitable laser. In one exemplary embodiment, very high aspect ratio holes are formed by placing the wafer in a semiconductor wafer processor including a dipole-ring magnetron etching reactor after which, the wafer is exposed to conditions within the dipole ring magnetron etching reactor which are sufficient to form holes which extend through the entirety of the wafer. A suitable dipole ring magnetron (DRM) reactor is described in an article entitled “Trench Storage Node Technology for Gigabit DRAM Generations,” Technical Digest of International Electron Devices Meeting, Dec. 8-11, 1996, pages 507-510, published IEEE, Catalog No. 96CH35961 and authored by Muller et al. Likewise, a suitable DRM system and exemplary processing conditions are described in an article entitled “A New High-Density Plasma Etching System Using a Dipole-Ring Magnet,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34, pt. 1, no. 11, Nov. 1995, pages 6274-6278, and authored by Sekine et al. After formation of the holes 18, 20, and 22, the same can be temporarily filled with any material such as a photoresist to enable subsequent processing of integrated circuitry devices over either or both of surfaces 14 and 16.
As shown in
In
In
In
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming coaxial integrated circuitry and interconnect lines is provided in application Ser. No. 08/917,449 entitled, “Methods of Forming Coaxial Integrated Circuitry Interconnect Lines, and Integrated Circuitry” filed on Aug. 22, 1997, which application is incorporated herein by reference.
Thus, an improved integrated circuit package for providing built-in heating or cooling to a semiconductor chip is provided. The improved integrated circuit package provides increased operational bandwidth between different circuit devices, e.g. logic and memory chips. The improved integrated circuit package does not require changes in current CMOS processing techniques. The structure includes the use of a silicon interposer. The silicon interposer can consist of recycled rejected wafers from the front-end semiconductor processing. Micro-machined vias are formed through the silicon interposer. The micro-machined vias include electrical contacts which couple various integrated circuit devices located on the opposing surfaces of the silicon interposer. The packaging includes a Peltier element.
The Peltier element, using semiconductor-based materials, functions as a small heat pump. By applying a low-voltage d-c current to the Peltier element thermal energy is transferred with the effect that one portion of the Peltier element is cooled and another heated. In one embodiment, the heated portion of the Peltier element is in contact with a heat sink or the outer cover of the integrated circuit package and the cooled portion is in contact with a semiconductor chip. In an alternative embodiment, the arrangement is reversed. This design has no moving parts, is small in size and lightweight, and has the ability to cool below or heat above the ambient temperature surrounding integrated circuit devices.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement which is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiment shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the present invention. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the invention includes any other applications in which the above structures and fabrication methods are used. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
Claims
1. A method for packaging an integrated circuit, comprising:
- providing a silicon interposer having opposing sides;
- coupling a semiconductor chip to each of the opposing sides of the silicon interposer;
- coupling the semiconductor chips on each side of the silicon interposer to one another through the silicon interposer by a number of micro-machined vias, wherein the micro-machined vias provide electrical connections between the opposing sides of the silicon interposer;
- coupling a metal-to-semiconductor junction to at least one of the semiconductor chips, wherein the semiconductor includes a doped complex oxide semiconductor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling a doped complex oxide semiconductor includes coupling an n-doped complex oxide semiconductor comprising Strontium (Sr) and Titanium (Ti).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein coupling a doped complex oxide semiconductor includes coupling an oxygen deficient an n-doped complex oxide semiconductor.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor chips include a flip chip.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein a Peltier element is coupled to a flip chip.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor chips includes a memory chip.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the memory chip includes at least one of a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chip, a flash memory chip and a static random access memory (SRAM) chip.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the semiconductor chips include capacitors.
9. A method for packaging an integrated circuit, comprising:
- providing a silicon interposer having opposing sides;
- coupling a semiconductor chip to each of the opposing sides of the silicon interposer;
- coupling the semiconductor chips on each side of the silicon interposer to one another through the silicon interposer by a number of micro-machined vias, wherein the micro-machined vias provide electrical connections between the opposing sides of the silicon interposer;
- coupling a metal-to-semiconductor junction to at least one of the semiconductor chips, wherein the semiconductor includes an n-doped superlattice comprising alternating layers of (PbTeSe)m and (BiSb)n, where m and n are the number of PbTeSe and BiSb monolayers per superlattice period.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the semiconductor chips include a flip chip.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein a Peltier element is coupled to a flip chip.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the semiconductor chips includes a memory chip.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the memory chip includes at least one of a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chip, a flash memory chip and a static random access memory (SRAM) chip.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the semiconductor chips include capacitors.
15. A method for packaging an integrated circuit, comprising:
- providing a silicon interposer having opposing sides;
- coupling a semiconductor chip to each of the opposing sides of the silicon interposer;
- coupling the semiconductor chips on each side of the silicon interposer to one another through the silicon interposer by a number of micro-machined vias, wherein the micro-machined vias provide electrical connections between the opposing sides of the silicon interposer;
- coupling a metal-to-semiconductor junction to at least one of the semiconductor chips, wherein the semiconductor includes either an n or p-doped semiconductor alloy formed between Antimony (Sb) and transition metal (T) from Group VIII, including Cobalt (Co), Rhodium (Rh), and Iridium (Ir), and wherein the alloy has the general formula TSb3.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the semiconductor chips include a flip chip.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein a Peltier element is coupled to a flip chip.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the semiconductor chips includes a memory chip.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the memory chip includes at least one of a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chip, a flash memory chip and a static random access memory (SRAM) chip.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the semiconductor chips include capacitors.
21. A method for cooling an integrated circuit, comprising:
- providing a silicon interposer having opposing sides;
- coupling a first semiconductor chip to a first side of the silicon interposer;
- coupling a second semiconductor chip to a second side of the silicon interposer, wherein a number of electrical connections through the silicon interposer couple the first semiconductor chip to the second semiconductor chip;
- forming a metal-to-semiconductor junction which couples to the first semiconductor chip on the first side of the silicon interposer, wherein forming the metal-to-semiconductor junction includes forming a Copper (Cu) and n or p-doped semiconductor junction, wherein the semiconductor is selected from Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3), Lead Telluride (PbTe), and Silicon Germanium (SiGe); and
- passing current through the metal-to-semiconductor junction in a direction such that a Peltier cooling effect occurs adjacent to the first semiconductor chip.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the semiconductor chips include a flip chip.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein a Peltier element is coupled to a flip chip.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein the semiconductor chips includes a memory chip.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the memory chip includes at least one of a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chip, a flash memory chip and a static random access memory (SRAM) chip.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein the semiconductor chips include capacitors.
27. A method for cooling an integrated circuit, comprising:
- providing a silicon interposer having opposing sides;
- coupling a first plurality of semiconductor chips to a first side of the silicon interposer;
- coupling at least one Peltier element to one of the first side of the silicon interposer and on of the first plurality of semiconductor chips; and
- coupling a second plurality of semiconductor chips to a second side of the silicon interposer wherein a number of electrical connections through the silicon interposer couple the first plurality of semiconductor chips to the second plurality of semiconductor chips.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the first plurality of semiconductor chips includes flip chips, and the at least one Peltier element is coupled to a selected one of the flip chips.
29. The method of claim 27, wherein the second plurality of semiconductor chips includes a memory chip.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the memory chip includes at least one of a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chip, a flash memory chip and a static random access memory (SRAM) chip.
31. The method of claim 29, wherein the second plurality includes semiconductor chip capacitors.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 1, 2006
Publication Date: Jun 15, 2006
Applicant:
Inventors: Kie Ahn (Chappaqua, NY), Leonard Forbes (Corvallis, OR), Eugene Cloud (Boise, ID)
Application Number: 11/345,253
International Classification: H01L 21/60 (20060101);