Structural wood elements and system that can be constructed therefrom

Abstract

A system of structural wood elements has blocks that have grooves on bases and tongues on tops for superimposing the blocks. A lateral element fixed to one side of the blocks is thinner and longer than the blocks. Opposite ends of the lateral element are fixed to the topmost top and bottommost base of the blocks

Description

AREA OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention involves the construction field, more specifically it involves structural wood elements and a corresponding construction system, enabling the construction of buildings, especially walls, partitions, floors, ceilings, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Traditionally, the construction of wooden buildings, especially the construction of second homes or vacation villages in the form of cottages, requires the use of costly species, in which the wooden elements are timbered from large tree trunks. The produce of the forests has been considerably diminished and there is a genuine need for better utilization of forest resources, a genuine need to exploit raw material which up to now has been scarcely utilized (little added value). The use of products coming from smaller and/or curved trunks and low-grade wood species, especially those having a tendency to warp, is very limited; they are used essentially as heating wood or as raw material for paper pulp and for the production of wooden panels. Development in the construction of wooden houses, as well as the growth of this economic activity, is ongoing. In fact, wood is experiencing a kind of fad, this material is sought after by the current generation and there is an increasingly large demand for it, which means that the market for wooden construction is steadily growing. On the other hand, the awareness of environmental issues by the population, especially the young people, is leading to new lifestyles, especially in the area of housing, which translates into an increasingly large demand for constructions oriented toward elegant and natural materials. Wood is the especially preferred material for this vibrant market. Wooden construction offers comfort and well being, thermal and acoustical properties, as well as aesthetic qualities appreciated by all.

Traditionally, wooden construction is made from round wooden timbers, massive planks, or wood core plywood planks, which are stacked on each other and rabbeted at the corners of the construction. More recently and more economically, the construction uses panels to make walls and partitions, constructed from a skeleton, of uprights and stringers, between which are attached stiffening laths, consisting on the outside of wooden panels, an air cavity, and a cladding, and on the inside of wooden lining (wainscot), or some other material. The prefabrication of these panels at the plant is common, and they are assembled afterwards at the work site. More recently, wooden construction has developed toward so-called “kit” systems, structural elements made of wood. This is the particular purpose of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention consists in an original concept for a construction system (“kit” system), made from structural wooden elements, of simple fabrication, easy to implement and quick to set up, regardless of the location and the circumstances.

The concept of the wooden construction basically involves the use of structural wood construction elements for the building of structures, especially walls, wall sections, partitions, floors, ceilings, etc. This structural construction element consists of a central block having a parallelepiped structure, on which the base is formed by a groove and the upper part by a tongue (the profile of which is identical to that of the groove), which enables a perfect assembly of central blocks when placed vertically one on the other, on one surface of this central block, on which is secured (by gluing, nailing, screwing, or otherwise) a lateral element of thickness less than the thickness of the central block, of length greater than the length of the central block, and with a height greater than the height of the central block, on which the base consists of a groove and the upper portion of a tongue (the profile thereof is identical to that of the groove), on the surface of this lateral element opposite the surface attached to the central block is assembled another element (by gluing, nailing, screwing or otherwise) of identical useful height of variable thickness, and of greater length, for which the base consists of a groove and the upper part of a tongue (the profile of which is identical to that of the groove), so as make possible means of assembly for other structural construction elements.

According to the basic provisions of the invention, this structural construction element formed by a central block assembled with two elements, such that the base (formed by a groove) of the central block is perfectly aligned with the base of the two elements attached to one of the surfaces of the central block, allows another structural element with a central block similar to the preceding one, on which and on the surface opposite that of the preceding central block are attached two elements similar to those applied to the first central block, so that these are aligned with the second central block by their upper useful parts, a vertical assembly of structural elements such that, by placing the second structural element mentioned above on top of the first one, the upper part of the central block of the latter (tongue) is fitted perfectly in the base (groove) of the central block of the second structural element, the lateral element which is attached to the central block of the first structural element is still placed by its inner surface (at the block side) against the central block of the second structural element, and vice versa, that is, the inner surface (block side) of the lateral element of the second structural element is still placed against the surface of the central block of the first structural element. These structural elements have assembly bodies arranged on their upper and lower lengthwise edges to enable a vertical assembly of elements one on top of the other, and this without the use of uprights and/or other supplemental connection elements as are traditionally used.

This invention and this structural construction element offer numerous benefits, among which:

• its cost, since it can be made from wood of low commercial value as regards the central block, with total utilization of the wood, since the lengths are very short. Furthermore, an industrial mass production is very easy and quick.
• its transport and maintenance, thanks to the weight and dimensions and the possibility of interpenetration of the elements.
• its ease and speed of assembly, since it is easy to manipulate and it is sufficient unto itself since the alignment, horizontality, and plumbness are produced automatically by the fitting of the tongues in the grooves.
• its reutilization, since the construction can be disassembled.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to make intersecting structures, which enable the creation of L-shaped structures, as well as T-shaped structures, intersecting or with another angle. The central block of the structural elements which allows one to make this type of intersecting structure has a recess at its lower lengthwise edge and situated perpendicular to the latter, with the same profile as that of the groove situated in the base of the block, which is likewise identical to that of the upper tongue of the central block; the location of the recess perpendicular to the base of the central block, as well as the length and the location of the lateral elements, vary according to the type of structure being made. The perpendicular recess at the base of the central block enables assembly with another central block placed underneath, so that the upper part (tongue) of the latter fits perfectly into the perpendicular recess of the base of the other block, placed at 90°. For the making of intersecting structures with an angle other than 90°, it is sufficient to make the recess at the base of the block with the desired angle.

Another characteristic of the invention is the fact that the central block of the structural elements is vertically perforated, which allows for the passage of the connection and fixation element of the various structural elements placed vertically, for example, a screw spindle with its accessories, washers, bolts, connectors, etc.

According to a particularly favorable characteristic of the invention, the species of wood used for the fabrication of the central block, the lateral elements and the lining elements can be different; it is possible to use less elegant and thus cheaper types of wood, depending on the desired technical and aesthetic criteria. For example, it is preferable to use tough and impervious wood for the lining elements placed on the outside, since it will be exposed to the weather; an aesthetic wood more in demand for decorative purposes for the lining elements placed inside; and a hard wood for the central block and the lateral elements, since it will secure the structure of the finished construction.

Even though the main aspects of the invention that are considered to be innovative have already been stated, more ample details regarding the embodiment of constructions made from the structural elements of wood construction, using the fundamental notions of the invention, will be better understood by consulting the following description and the accompanying drawings, illustrating these embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1, 1a, 1b and 1c show perspective views of a first embodiment of structural construction elements according to the invention.

FIGS. 2, 2a and 2b show perspective views of a second embodiment of structural construction elements according to the invention.

FIGS. 3 and 3a show perspective views of an embodiment of an angle structure according to the invention.

FIGS. 4 and 4a show perspective views of an embodiment of a T-structure according to the invention.

FIGS. 5 and 5a show perspective views of an embodiment of an intersecting structure according to the invention.

FIGS. 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g and 6h show horizontal top views of several walls and partitions representing the various embodiments illustrated above, according to the invention.

FIGS. 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e and 7f show vertical side views of wall sections made from structural construction elements according to the invention and with various profiles.

FIG. 8 shows a front view of a wall structure made from structural construction elements according to the invention. FIG. 8a shows a vertical side view of a wall structure according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

As illustrated in the drawing of FIG. 1, the structural wood construction element, designated overall as 100, consists of two central blocks 01 and 04, inserted between two lateral elements 02 and 05, which in turn are inserted between two lining elements 03 and 06. The element 02 is attached to the central block 01, and on the assembly resulting from these two elements is placed the element 03, which is attached to the element 02, these three elements form the structural element 100a, the element 05 is attached to the central block 04, on the assembly produced from these two elements is placed the element 06, which is attached to the element 05, these three elements form the structural element 100b. The element designated as 100 in FIG. 1 corresponds to the placement of element 100a on top of element 100b.

According to the fundamental concept of the invention, the lateral elements 02 and 05 are attached to the central blocks 01 and 04, the central block 01 is secured to the inner surface of the element 02 at its upper half and the central block 04 is secured to the inner surface of the element 05 at its lower half. The fixation elements (nails, screws, glue, etc.) are placed so as to never be visible after the construction is produced, they are placed in the direction: element 02—block 01 and element 05—block 04. The lining element 03 is attached by its inner surface to the outer surface of the element 02 such that these two elements are aligned at the bottom and top. The lining element 06 is secured by its inner surface to the outer surface of the element 05 such that these two elements remain aligned at the bottom and top. The fixation elements 08 are placed in the direction: element 02—element 03 and element 05—element 06.

When a structural element 100a is placed vertically on top of a structural element 100b, they form a structural assembly 100, the base of the central block 01 enables the insertion of the upper part of the central block 04, which on the one hand allows the upper and lower lengthwise edges of the structural elements 100a and 100b to be aligned and leveled, and on the other hand the central block 01 to be placed against the inner surface of the element 05 on its upper half and the central block 04 to be placed against the inner surface of the element 02 on its lower half. When structural assemblies 100 are placed vertically one above the other to produce the construction, supplemental columns or rows, etc., the upper lengthwise edges of the structural assembly 100 fit into the lower lengthwise edges of the next structural assembly 100, with the tongues of one fitting into the grooves of the other, so as to define the vertical alignment, horizontality, and plumbness.

According to the invention, the central blocks 01 and 04 are perforated in the vertical direction 07, to allow for passage of the connection and fixation element, for example, a screw spindle with its supplemental accessories.

The purpose of the structural construction assembly 110 represented in the drawing of FIG. 2 is to show a variant of the structural assembly 100, made from a structural element 110a, FIG. 2a, and a structural element 110b, FIG. 2b. These construction elements are more simple than the elements 100a and 100b, inasmuch as the lateral element has been eliminated from the composition.

The central blocks, which previously had a flat and clean cross section at their farthermost ends, now have an L-shaped cross section, the lateral element attached to the central block has been eliminated. As illustrated in the drawing of FIG. 2, the wood construction element designated as 110 is formed in its entirety by two central blocks 12 and 15, inserted between two lateral lining elements 11 and 14, the central block 12 is attached by its largest surface to the inner surface of the element 11 on its upper half and the central block 15 is attached by its largest surface to the inner surface of the element 14 on its lower half. The fixation elements 16 are placed in the ends of the blocks, at the base with L-shaped cross section, so that they are not visible after the construction is produced.

When one construction element 110a is placed vertically on top of a construction element 110b, the result is a structural construction element 110 in which the base of the central block 12 enables the insertion of the upper part of the central block 15, which on the one hand allows the upper and lower lengthwise edges of the structural elements 110a and 110b to be aligned, and on the other hand the central block 12 to be placed against the inner surface of the element 14 on its upper half and the central block 15 to be placed against the inner surface of the element 11 on its lower half. When structural assemblies 110 are placed vertically on top of each other to produce the construction, primarily of partitions, the lower lengthwise edges of the element 110 will always enable the insertion of the upper lengthwise edges of the preceding structural element 110, with the tongues of the one fitting into the grooves of the other, so as to define the vertical alignment, horizontality, and plumbness.

According to the invention, the central blocks 12 and 15 are vertically perforated 13, to allow the passage of the connection and fixation element, for example, a screw spindle.

The purpose of the drawing of FIG. 3 is to show a structural assembly 120 formed by the structural construction elements 120a, 120b, 120c and 120d, representing an angle structure. According to the invention, the structural element 120a consists of a central block 31, which is attached to the inner surface of the lateral element 29 on its upper half, and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 27. The structural element 120b consists of a central block 32 of length greater than that of the central block 31, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 30 on its lower half, and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 28. The structural element 120c consists of a central block 26 similar to the block 32, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 24 on its upper half, and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 22. The structural element 120d consists of a central block 25 similar to the block 31, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 23 on its lower half, and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 21. The central blocks 26 and 32 have, in one of their ends and situated in their base, a recess perpendicular to the respective block 35, with a profile identical to the groove and to the tongue which are located in the lower and upper edges of the blocks; these recesses allow one to produce an intersecting structure for the structural elements when assembled. The component parts of the structural elements 120a, 120b, 120c and 120d that form the structural assembly 120 are placed so that, when this structural assembly 120 is produced, the central block 26 placed on the block 32 by means of the recess 35 situated at the base of the block 26 and in which the upper tongue of the block 32 fits are positioned perpendicularly, the block 31 and the element 29 are placed against the central block 26, the block 25 and the elements 21, 23 and 24 are placed against the central block 32, the elements 28 and 30 are placed against the outer surface of the element 21, and one end of the element 27 is placed against the inner surface of the element 22. The making of the structural assembly 120 enables upper and lower lengthwise alignments between its elements which, in turn, permit vertical alignment, horizontality, and plumbness when two structural elements 120 are placed one on top of the other, FIG. 3a.

According to the invention, the central blocks 26 and 32 are perforated in the vertical direction 33 and 34, the perforations 33 are located at the center of the recesses 35 which are located at the base of the blocks, which allows for the connection and fixation of the structural element 120b to the structural element 120c, these elements make an intersection, while on the other hand the perforations 34 enable the connection and fixation of the structural element 120c to the structural element 120d, which form one of the sides of the resulting structure 120, and the connection and fixation of the structural element 120a to the structural element 120b, which form the other side of the resulting structure 120.

The drawing of FIG. 4 shows a structural assembly 130 formed by the structural elements 130a, 130b, 130c and 130d, representing a T-shaped structure. According to the invention, the structural element 130a consists of two similar central blocks 54 and 56, which are secured respectively to the inner surfaces of the lateral elements 53 and 55 on their upper halves, and these two resulting assemblies are secured to the inner surface of the lining element 52, leaving a separation between them equal to the thickness of the central block 46. The structural element 130b consists of a central block 49, which has a length greater than the preceding blocks, which is secured to the inner surfaces of the lateral elements 48 and 51 on their lower halves, and this resulting element is secured to the inner surfaces of the lining elements 47 and 50, such that the separation between the elements 50/51 and the elements 47/48 is at most equal to the thickness of the elements 41/42/43/44 added to that of the block 46. The structural element 130c consists of the central block 46, which has a length less than that of the block 49 but greater than that of the block 54, it is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 44 on its upper half and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 42. The structural element 130d consists of the central block 45, which has a length less than that of the block 46, it is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 43 on its lower half and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 41. The central block 46 has, at one of its ends and situated in its base, a recess 57 perpendicular to the block, likewise the central block 49 has a similar recess situated at the center and in its base, with a profile identical to the groove and tongue located in the lower and upper edge of the blocks; these recesses enable one to make an intersecting structure for the structural elements when assembled. The component parts of the structural elements 130a, 130b, 130c and 130d, which form the structural assembly 130, are placed such that, when this structural assembly 130 is produced, the block 46 placed on the block 49 by means of the recess 57 situated at the base of the block 46 and into which the upper tongue of the block 49 fits are in perpendicular position; the central block 46 is placed against the inner surface of the element 52; the elements 41, 42, 43, 44 and the block 45 are placed against the block 49; the elements 47 and 48 are placed against the outer surface of the element 42, the elements 50 and 51 are placed against the outer surface of the element 41. The making of the structural assembly 130 enables upper and lower lengthwise alignments between its elements, which in turn, when two structural elements 130 are placed one on top of the other, enable a fitting between the lower lengthwise edges of the one and the upper lengthwise edges of the other, FIG. 4a. The placing of these elements one on top of the other enables vertical alignment, horizontality, and plumbness.

The drawing of FIG. 5 shows a structural assembly 140 consisting of structural elements 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e and 140f, representing a structure in the shape of a cross. According to the invention, the structural element 140a consists of a central block 62, similar to the blocks 63/68 and 69, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 61 on its upper half, and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 60. The structural element 140b consists of a central block 77, having a length greater than that of the block 62, which is secured to the inner surfaces of the lateral elements 78 and 81 on their lower halves, and this assembly is secured to the inner surfaces of the lining elements 79 and 80, such that the separation between the elements 80/81 and the elements 78/79 is at most equal to the thickness of the elements 70/71/73/74 added to that of the block 72. The structural element 140c consists of a central block 63, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 64 on its lower half and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 65. The structural element 140d consists of a central block 68, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 67 on its upper half and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 66. The element 140e consists of a central block 72, similar to the block 77, it is secured to the inner surfaces of the lateral elements 73 and 76 on their upper halves and this assembly is secured to the inner surfaces of the lining elements 74 and 75, such that the separation between the elements 75/76 and 73/74 is at most equal to the thickness of the elements 66/67/78/79 added to that of the block 68. The element 140f consists of a central block 69, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 71 on its lower half and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 70. The central blocks 72 and 77 have at the center and located in their bases a recess perpendicular to the respective blocks, with the same profile as the groove and the tongue located at the lower and upper edges of the blocks; these recesses, when assembled, allow one to make an intersecting structure for the structural elements. The component parts of the structural elements 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d, 140e and 140f, making up the structural assembly 140, are placed such that when this structural assembly 140 is produced, the block 72 placed on the block 77 by means of the recess located in the base of the block 72 and mating with the upper tongue of the block 77 are in perpendicular position; the elements 60/61/66/67 and the blocks 62/68 are placed against the block 72; the block 63 is placed against the block 77; the elements 64 and 65 are placed against the outer surface of the element 66; the elements 75 and 76 are placed against the outer surface of the element 60; the elements 70/71/73/74 and the block 69 are placed against the block 77; the elements 78 and 79 are placed against the outer surface of the element 70; the elements 80 and 81 are placed against the outer surface of the element 74. The making of the structural assembly 140 enables upper and lower lengthwise alignments between the elements, which in turn, when two structural assemblies 140 are placed one on top of the other, enables a nesting between the lower lengthwise edges of the one and the upper lengthwise edges of the other, FIG. 5a. The placing of these elements on top of each other enables vertical alignment, horizontality and plumbness.

The drawing of FIG. 6 shows, in horizontal top view, the realization of a structure formed overall by several walls and partitions, representing the various construction elements according to the invention.

FIGS. 6d, 6f, 6c, 6e and 6g show horizontal top views of the previously described structural construction elements in FIGS. 1, 2, 3a, 4a and 5a, respectively. FIG. 6b shows a horizontal top view of:

two structural assemblies 100 in which the lining element 96 is common to the two assemblies and the lining elements 94 and 95 each belong to one structural assembly 100, connected together by the profile 97, FIG. 6a. The ability to stagger the lining elements, in the case of FIG. 6b the staggering is horizontal, provides more sturdiness to the construction.

a filler element 90, which represents for example, a sheet of thermal insulation, which is secured by simple nesting in the cavities 91 located in the lateral ends of the structural assemblies 100, these cavities 91 are the result of the difference between the lengths of the lateral elements and the lengths of the central blocks, the structural assemblies 110 also have cavities in their lateral ends, which can have the same function.

two voids 92 and 93, the void 92 being situated on the exterior side of the construction, enabling a vertical ventilation of the structural elements; this ventilation is also horizontal, by means of the grooves situated in the inner surfaces of the lateral elements and the lining elements 09, FIG. 1. The void 93 is located at the inner side of the construction, making possible the passage of electricity, water, or other distribution network conduits.

Another advantage of the invention is the possibility of being able to employ different profiles, as is technically and/or aesthetically necessary, as one can see from FIGS. 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e and 7f. This possibility of using different profiles in any given element, namely, central block, lateral element, and lining element, provides infinite construction alternatives. It is also possible according to the invention to use lining elements other than wood, as presented in FIG. 7d, where one of the linings consists of a sheet which can be derived from wood or another material.

The drawing of FIG. 8 shows a wall section constructed from structural construction assemblies of the invention. In order to achieve the esthetics and rigidity of traditional constructions with staggered courses of brick, it is possible to produce structural construction assemblies 101 having half the length of the structural construction assemblies 102. These structural assemblies have several advantages, for example:

they allow the use of several kinds of wood

they allow the use of small-dimension wood

they enable, for greater sturdiness of construction, an assembly staggered simultaneously in the vertical plane, FIG. 8, and the horizontal plane, FIG. 6b, of these structural construction elements.

On the other hand, for technical and/or aesthetic reasons, it is also possible to produce structural assemblies of larger dimension, for example having the total length of the wall to be constructed 103; this variant has the advantage of eliminating the joints between the lining elements 105.

The construction of a wall from structural construction assemblies is easy to implement, simple and within the capability of any amateur. In fact, the phases of construction of the wall section are:

• • arranging the first course of structural construction elements, with the grooves situated in the lower lengthwise edges facing downward, so that the grooves in the lower bases of the central blocks fit together with the upper tongues of the support beams 104, and the lining elements are joined laterally by the grooves 97, FIG. 6.
  • arranging the grooves of the lower lengthwise edges of the structural elements of each upper course so that they fit together with the tongues of the upper lengthwise edges of the structural elements of the next lower course, and the lining elements are joined laterally by the grooves 97, FIG. 6.

The inserting of the tongues into the grooves enables not just a nesting and stability of the structural elements placed vertically one on top of the other, but also ensures the alignment, the horizontality, and the plumbness of the construction during and after the construction.

Of course, in order to achieve the junction and the anchoring of the walls to each other, especially in the different directions, as for example those illustrated by FIG. 6, where the walls make right angles with each other, one will employ structural construction elements of the invention as previously described. These structural elements will be selected according to the type of construction desired, a L connection, a T connection, a cross connection, a connection with a different angle, etc.

FIG. 6h shows a T-connection of a wall made from structural construction assemblies 100 with another wall of partition type, made from assemblies of structural construction elements 110. This connection uses a lath 98, having the same width as the thickness of the central block of the elements 110, which is secured vertically on the outer surface of the wall made with the assemblies of elements 100, after putting in place of this lath 98, the other wall is attached by fitting the lining elements of the structural assemblies 110 to the lath; the sides of the lath rest against the inner surfaces of the lining elements of the structural assemblies 110.

The connection and fixation of the structures made from the construction elements of the invention are assured by elements placed in the vertical openings located in the central blocks of the construction elements, for example, screw spindles with supplemental accessories such as washers, bolts, connectors, etc.

It is understood that the structural construction elements described and represented above have been done so by way of a disclosure, rather than a limitation. Obviously, improvements, adjustments and modifications could be made to the preceding examples, without thereby leaving the scope of the invention, taken in its broadest spirit and aspects. Thus, for example, the dimensions of the component parts of the structural elements which have been described above, namely, the central block having half the useful height of the lateral element, and the latter having the same useful height as the lining element, certainly can be modified without leaving the original and innovative concept of the invention; on the other hand, the structures which have been described as being those of walls or partitions certainly can be implemented to produce ceilings, floors, etc.

Claims

1. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements for building of structures, especially of walls, wall sections, floors, ceilings, etc., consisting of central blocks (01, 04) having a parallelepiped structure, in which the base is formed by a groove and the upper part by a tongue, to the surfaces of these blocks are applied lateral elements (02, 05) with thickness less than the thickness of the central block, to which are applied lining elements (03, 06), so as to define means of assembly to other structural elements (100), characterized in that the lateral elements (02, 05) while having the same useful height as the lining elements (03, 06) are of shorter length than latter.

2. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the useful height of the central block (01) (04) corresponds to half the useful height of the lateral element (02) (05).

3. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the central block (01) is glued and secured to the upper half of the inner surface of the lateral element (02).

4. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the central block (04) is glued and secured to the lower half of the inner surface of the lateral element (05).

5. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the groove of the lower lengthwise edge of the central block (01) engages with the tongue of the upper lengthwise edge of the central block (04) when the structural element (100a) is assembled with the structural element (100b).

6. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral element (02) is spaced regularly along the lining element (03), being secured to the inner surface of the latter by its outer surface, and the lateral element (05) is spaced regularly along the lining element (06), being secured to the inner surface of the latter by its outer surface.

7. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized on the one hand in that the dimensions of the central block (04) are less in height and in length than those of the lateral element (05), so that after securing of the central block (04) to a lower portion of the inner surface of the lateral element (05), by positioning of the anchoring elements used (08) from the lateral element (05) toward the central block (04), one can secure this assembly of central block (04) and lateral element (05) to the lining element (06) by utilizing the available spaces of the inner surface of the lateral element (05) located above and to the sides of the central block (04) to accommodate the fixation elements (08), which are oriented from the lateral element (05) to the lining element (06). The procedure is similar for the central block (01) with the difference that this is secured on an upper portion of the inner surface of the lateral element (02), and on the other hand in that the direction and the location of the fixation elements (08) are such that they are not visible after the construction is complete.

8. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that, on the one hand, the base of the central block (01) is leveled at the center of the height of the lateral element (02) and the lining element (03), and on the other hand the upper part of the central block (04) is leveled at the center of the height of the lateral element (05) and the lining element (06), so that when the structural element (100a) is assembled on the structural element (100b) all the component parts of the structural element (100) are leveled on top and at bottom.

9. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that, for a simple and quick fabrication, as well as an optimal utilization of the materials, the lateral element (02, 05) of very short length can be identical in its profile to that of the lining element (03, 06).

10. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the useful height of the two central blocks (01, 04) can be different, but the useful height of the central block (04) added to the useful height of the central block (01) should be equal to the useful height of the lateral elements (02, 05) and to the useful height of the lining elements (03, 06).

11. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical perforations (07) of the central blocks (01, 04) can be replaced by vertical grooves; these are made vertically in the surfaces of the central blocks (01, 04) that are not secured to the lateral elements (02, 05). These vertical grooves for replacement of the perforations are also applicable to the perforations (13, 33, 34).

12. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 11, characterized on the one hand in that the vertical grooves made in the surfaces of the central blocks (01, 04) to replace the perforations (07) are vertically lined up when assembling the central block (01) belonging to the structural element (100a) onto the central block (04) belonging to the structural element (100b), and on the other hand in that these grooves allow for the passage of fixation elements.

13. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the central blocks (01, 04) can be fabricated and placed in position of “lying wood” or “standing wood”. This applies to all the central blocks.

14. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that, on the one hand, the central block (01) remains placed against the inner surface of the lateral element (05) on its upper half and, on the other hand, the central block (04) remains placed against the inner surface of the lateral element (02) on its lower half when the structural element (100a) is placed on top of the structural element (100b).

15. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the central block (26, 32) has in one of its ends and situated in its base a recess (35) perpendicular to the block, with a profile identical to the groove and to the tongue of the central block.

16. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 15, characterized by the fitting of the upper tongue of the central block (32) into the recess (35) of the central block (26).

17. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 15, characterized in that the central block (26, 32) has two vertical perforations (33 and 34).

18. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 15, characterized on the one hand in that one of the ends of the central block (25) is placed against one surface of the central block (32) and on the other hand in that one of the ends of the central block (31) is placed against a surface of the central block (26).

19. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 15, 16 and 18, characterized on the one hand in that the lateral element (30) assembled with the lining element (28) can be placed at one of their ends against an outer surface of the lining element (21) or can be placed against a surface of the central blocks (25 and 26), and on the other hand in that the lateral element (29) is placed at one of its ends against a surface of the central block (26).

20. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 15, 18 and 19, characterized on the one hand in that the lateral element (23) assembled with the lining element (21) can be placed at one of their ends against a surface of the central blocks (31 and 32), or can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element (28), and on the other hand in that the lateral element (24) is placed at one of its ends against a surface of the central block (32).

21. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 15, 18, 19 and 20, characterized in that the lining element (27) can be placed at one of its ends against the inner surface of the lining element (22) or this lining element (22) can be placed at one of its ends against the inner surface of the lining element (27).

22. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the central block (49) has, in its base and situated at the center, a groove (57) perpendicular to the block, with a profile identical to the profile of the lower groove and identical to the profile of the upper projection of the same block.

23. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 22, characterized in that the central block (49) has three vertical perforations.

24. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 22, characterized in that the lateral element (53), assembled with the central block (54), are separated from the lateral element (55), assembled with the central block (56), by a spacing equal to the thickness of the central block (46).

25. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 22 to 24, characterized in that, on the one hand, one of the ends of the central block (45) is placed against a surface of the central block (49), and on the other hand one of the ends of the central block (46) is placed against the inner surface of the lining element (52).

26. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 22 to 25, characterized in that, on the one hand, one of the ends of the lateral element (43) and lining element (41) can be placed against a surface of the central blocks (49 and 54) or can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element (50), and on the other hand one of the ends of the lateral element (44) and lining element (42) can be placed against one surface of the central blocks (49 and 56) or can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element (47).

27. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 22 to 26, characterized in that, on the one hand, one of the ends of the lateral element (48) and lining element (47) can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element (42) or can be placed against a surface of the central blocks (45 and 46), and on the other hand one of the ends of the lateral element (51) and lining element (50) can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element (41) or can be placed against a surface of the central blocks (45 and 46).

28. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 22 to 27, characterized in that the inner surfaces of the lateral elements (48 and 51) on their upper halves are placed respectively against a surface of the central blocks (56 and 54).

29. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims 22 to 28, characterized by an angled nesting of the central blocks (46 and 49) by means of grooves (57).

30. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the one hand, the central blocks (72 and 77), and on the other hand the central blocks (62, 63, 68 and 69) are similar to each other.

31. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral fits (91) resulting from the difference in length between the length of the lateral elements and that of the central block enable the insertion and the fixation of the element (90).

32. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the one hand, the void (92) equal to the thickness of the lateral element, resulting from the separation between the element (90) and the lining element (94, 95), enables a vertical and horizontal ventilation, and on the other hand the void (93) equal to the thickness of the lateral element, resulting from the separation between the element (90) and the lining element (96), allows for passage of electricity, water or other distribution network conduits.

33. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized by the possibility of using different lengths of lining elements (101, 102, 103) and by the possibility of being able to stagger them horizontally (97) and/or vertically (105).

34. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, characterized in that the central block (12, 15) has, at its ends, an L-shaped vertical cross section, which can also be U-shaped, allowing on the one hand for fixation (16) of the central block to the lining elements (11, 14), and on the other hand because of the lateral fits resulting from the L or U-shaped cross sections it enables the insertion and fixation of an element similar to the element (90).

35. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 34, characterized in that the lining element (11, 14) has twice the useful height of the useful height of the central block.

36. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 34, characterized in that, on the one hand, the central block (12) is secured to the inner surface of the lining element (11) on its upper half and aligned with it above, and on the other hand the central block (15) is secured to the inner surface of the lining element (14) on its lower half and aligned with it below.

37. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 34, characterized in that the groove of the lower lengthwise edge of the central block (12) engages with the tongue of the upper lengthwise edge of the central block (15) when the structural element (110a) is placed on top of the structural element (110b).

38. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 34, characterized in that the central block (12, 15) is perforated vertically (13), and this perforation allows for the passage of the fixation element.

39. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 34, characterized in that the vertical perforations (13) existing in the central blocks (12, 15) are vertically aligned when the central block (12) belonging to the structural element (110a) is placed on top of the central block (15) belonging to the structural element (110b).

40. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 34, characterized in that the upper and lower lengthwise edges of the structural elements (110a and 110b) are aligned when the structural element (110a) is placed on top of the structural element (110b).

41. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 34, characterized in that, on the one hand, the smallest surface of the central block (12) is placed against the inner surface of the lining element (14) on its upper half, and on the other hand the smallest surface of the central block (15) is placed against the inner surface of the lining element (11) on its lower half when the structural element (110a) is placed on top of the structural element (110b).

42. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in arranging the first course of structural construction elements with the grooves situated at the lower lengthwise edges pointing downward, so that the grooves in the lower bases of the central blocks engage with the upper tongues of the support beams (104) and the lining elements are joined laterally by the grooves (97), arranging the grooves of the lower lengthwise edges of the structural elements of each upper course so that they engage with the tongues of the upper lengthwise edges of the structural elements of the underlying course, and the lining elements are joined laterally by the grooves (97), and arranging the connection and fixation elements (106) in the perforations of the central blocks, with the supplemental accessories, washers, bolts, connectors, or other.

43. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining element (03, 06) can be made from a sheet derived from wood or other materials, which can be attached during the manufacturing, with more reduced dimensions, or after the assembly of the wall, for example, with a sheet of a single piece.