CONTROLLER FOR A DECORATIVE LIGHTING SYSTEM
A decorative lighting system includes a command controller, a plurality of illumination devices and a flexible cord interconnecting each. The command controller includes a microcontroller that provides a data signal and a clock signal. The data signal instructs a plurality of addresses corresponding to the lighting devices. Each illumination device has at least three light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs each emit light at a different wavelength than either of the other LEDs. An integrated circuit LED is responsive to the data signal, clock signal, and power signal and drives the first, second, and third LEDs by to a blink rate and intensity. The LED driver includes a plurality of pulse width modulation registers that are selectable in combination to drive the LEDs to a blink rate and intensity independent of one another.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/328,811, filed Jan. 10, 2006, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/824,519, filed Apr. 14, 2004, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/462,727 filed Apr. 14, 2003, the contents of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their respective entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe invention relates generally to decorative lighting systems and decorative illumination devices, and, more particularly, to individually addressed decorative LEDs used in lighting systems controlled by a remotely located microcontroller.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONLighting system designers have only recently incorporated highly luminous light emitting diodes into conventional lighting systems. Advances in the luminosity of LEDs and white light emitting LEDs will permit large scale applications of LEDs in replacement of other conventional light sources. Light emitting diodes provide advantages over previous incandescent and other types of lighting systems due to improved power conservation and reliability. In the context of decorative lighting system, LEDs permit more latitude of control over the decorative product solutions by permitting communication with LEDs through control systems.
Applications of LEDs in decorative lighting systems have progressed slowly and incorporate minimal controls over the LEDs to control only a few dynamic effects. Some prior art systems have incorporated traditional lighting system protocols, such as used for stage lighting, etc., to control LED dynamic effects. These controls, however, were designed for conventional systems and are therefore less robust for controlling LEDs. Because LEDs permit a greater dynamic range of control, there is a need in the art for control of LEDs for decorative lighting applications with greater latitude of dynamic control.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAccording to one embodiment of the invention, a decorative lighting system comprises a command controller, a plurality of lighting devices and a flexible cord interconnecting each. The command controller generally comprises a microcontroller for providing a data signal and a clock signal. The data signal typically includes instructions related to a plurality of addresses corresponding to the lighting devices. A power supply on the command controller provides a power signal for powering the pluralities of illumination devices. The flexible cord comprises at least two conductors capable of carrying the data signal, clock signal, and power signal from the command controller. The plurality of illumination devices are disposed along the flexible cord.
Also according to this embodiment, each illumination device comprises a substrate including a first, a second, and a third light emitting diode (LED). The LEDs each emit light at a different wavelength than either of the other LEDs. An integrated circuit LED driver is disposed on the illumination device and is electrically interconnected via the at least two conductors to the command controller. The integrated circuit is responsive to the data signal, clock signal, and power signal and drives the first, second, and third LEDs by to a blink rate and intensity. One embodiment of the integrated circuit includes a plurality of pulse width modulation registers that are selectable in combination to drive the LEDs to a blink rate and intensity independent of one another. An electronically programmed address circuit on the integrated circuit stores an address so that the LED driver is responsive to the data signal corresponding address from the command controller.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGSHaving thus described the invention in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
The present inventions now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the inventions are shown. Indeed, these inventions may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Referring to
An optical diffuser 20 encloses the RGB LEDs and approximates the size and shape of a Christmas bulb, as commonly found in decorative applications. The diffuser 20 typically comprises a light diffusing apparatus formed of transparent and semi-transparent polymers. One exemplary diffuser is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Design Pat. No. D487,596, however, other optical diffusers are also known to those of skill in the art, such as glass diffusers, and may be substituted accordingly without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
Generally, the LED driver 12 and RGB LEDs 14 are embedded or combined on a single unit within the illumination device or may be disposed in die form within the LED driver. In this regard, the LED driver 12 and LEDs 14 are disposed to minimize space and permit optimum positioning of the LEDs 14 with respect to the diffuser 20. In one regard, an LED driver is a single application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which minimizes space of peripherals or other discrete devices or individual microcontrollers that would otherwise be required to be placed in the illumination device 10. This feature, therefore, enables small unitary illumination devices 10, which is one unique advantage of the present invention. One embodiment of the ASIC LED driver 12 is described in more detail below.
As illustrated in
Advantageously, this embodiment of a LED driver 12a permits the integrated circuit to be addressed on board the integrated circuit, rather than through external hardware addressing schemes. In this regard, the EEPROM 30 may store a unique address to permit the bus control register 32 to selectively parse or ignore SDA data addressed to the chip or not addressed to the chip, respectively. Alternative memory devices may be substituted and include writable and rewritable nonvolatile memory such as PROM, EEPROM, flash memory, etc. In this manner, an I2C command controller may select an illumination device with the particular LED driver 12a to be selectively driven to a particular state (color, blink rate, brightness, etc.) while other differently addressed illumination devices may be driven to other states. Accordingly, displays and arrays of multiple illumination devices may be universally programmed by a single microcontroller disposed on the command controller, therefore having all display subroutines centrally located and centrally controllable.
Brightness is controlled by brightness registers 44 (only one shown for clarity, however, additional registers may be provided for each color LED) generating a high frequency pulse width modulated signal during the duty cycle of the blink period. The high frequency cycle is undetectable to the human eye and permits a control of the brightness by control of the duty cycle of the brightness. Brightness is a function of the average current through the LED 16a, 17a, 18a and varying the duty cycle of the high frequency signal therefore varies the brightness of the LED. Brightness also permits fading colors by steadily reducing the intensity or average current during the duty cycle.
It should be noted that brightness among various manufacturers of high brightness LEDs is highly variant. Manufacturers may provide current and illumination ratings for RGB LEDs, or it may be advantageous to experimentally determine RGB LED brightness. As such, the brightness register 44 permits calibration of the high frequency signal in order to vary the average current provided for a specific bulb. The LED driver 12a is therefore manufactured with a default value for nominal brightness and that default may be adjusted to increase or decrease nominal brightness. In this embodiment, a brightness calibration value offset from a nominal value is stored in the EEPROM 30, and one brightness calibration value may be stored for each LED 16a, 17a, 18a.
The combined duty cycles relating to blink rates and brightness are therefore provided to a signal generator 46 which is variably controlled by the LED select register 48. In this particular embodiment, the LED select register 48 selects either duty cycle provided by the PWM0 or PWM1 register, or alternatively may be set to drive an LED permanently on or permanently off. The signal generator 46, therefore, controls each of the MOSFET gates 50, 52, 54 to each individual red, blue, and green LED 16a, 17a, 18a according to the selected duty cycle and brightness. The source of each MOSFET 50, 52, 54 is therefore monitored by the input register 51 providing state parameters of each diode. While the MOSFETS of the PCA9538 described herein are typically adequate current gates, it is anticipated that many other high brightness LEDs requiring higher power ratings or other characteristics may require additional higher powered current gates. As such, additional higher-powered MOSFETS or other higher power current gates may be externally connected or internally disposed in order to drive higher power RGB LEDs or other color mixing or color tunable LED assemblies.
The illumination devices 61 depicted in
Other more complex embodiments of a decorative lighting system 70 are expected, and
Another alternative embodiment of the decorative lighting system and illumination device advantageously utilizes the most recent advances of the I2C protocol, such as 10-bit addressing system, which permits up to 1023 addresses to be arrayed along a flexible cord bus. Therefore, in applications requiring thousands of illumination devices, the system may permit utilizing far greater numbers of individual control and addressability, thus improving the size and complexity available for decorative displays. The 10-bit addressing scheme may be implemented in the same manner as described with the 7-bit addressing scheme above. Even more advantageously, the I2C 10-bit addressing scheme is also compatible with the 7-bit addressing scheme. In this regard, illumination devices incorporated into a 7-bit system may be added or modified with additional illumination devices in a 10-bit system without any additional change to the existing 7-bit illumination devices. The 10-bit addressing scheme is documented in I2C Bus Specification, herein incorporated by reference with respect to 10-bit addressing.
The I2C communications protocol and an ASIC LED driver 12, as described above, also advantageously permit addressing and illumination device control in the absence of a command controller. In this embodiment, each illumination device may be preprogrammed to a color, blink rate, and brightness, or a pattern of preprogrammed colors, brightness, blink rates, etc., in individual memory registers. As such, the resulting illumination devices may be arranged along a flexible cord and supplied with power along the interconnecting bus. In this way, preprogrammed parameters cause a command controller to be unnecessary, resulting in a simpler configuration.
Returning to embodiments of a decorative lighting system that incorporate command controllers,
Multiple ports 94a, 94b and microcontroller control of this advantageous embodiment also enable the command controller to be used as a repeater, multiplexer, or hub for various strings of bulbs. The DIP switch 96 on the command controller 63a is a selectable input that permits changing the function asserted by the command controller 63a, and therefore enables various software configurations stored in the command controller memory. In this regard, the command controller 63a is therefore a multifunctional device and eliminates additional design requirements for stand-alone multiplexers and repeaters. Even more advantageously, the complex systems, such as depicted in
An alternative embodiment of a decorative lighting system 100 is depicted in
This embodiment may also include replaceable illumination devices 10c and mounts along a flexible cord for replacing illumination devices. For example, standard e12 screw base connector or the like are commonly used in many ornamental displays today. The illumination device 10c of the present invention therefore may be disposed in a connector, such as the e12 connector, and replaced along a light line of compatible connectors. As will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art, this embodiment permits retrofitting older displays with illumination devices described by this invention. In this case, the illumination devices 10c of the invention replace previous bulbs, and the power supply may be modified with a command controller 63b. This is especially advantageous in large coordinated and reusable displays. In this regard, the displays do not require replacing flexible cord busses and complex patterns, rather, they permit retrofitting with illumination devices 10 and the command controller 63b of the present invention.
The chromaticity diagram for wavelength mixing are well known to those of ordinary skill and derived from the CIE Chromaticity diagram specifications. Charting various wavelengths of particular InGaN and AlGaN RGB LEDs on a chromaticity diagram provides a theoretical way to begin establishing the desired color mixing. By varying the brightness of each of the three LEDs, each of the three LEDs using the brightness control, previously described, the color of each bulb may be controlled about a range of colors through the spectrum. For example, by varying the brightness and, thus the combined wavelength through iterations of up to 256 pulse widths per bulb, over 16 million different shades of color can be produced. In practice, the invention may not actually require 16 million shades of color, but a select group of a few to several hundred colors may suffice to satisfy ornamental and decorative artistic palettes. As such, a preprogrammed array of hundreds of colors may be established in programmable memory, such as in a programmable logic device, within the chip (such as an EEPROM, FPGA, etc.) Alternatively, hundreds or thousands of colors may be stored in (soft) memory for programming by the command controller to each individually addressed bulb. For example, the command controller may store corresponding color commands in a data table stored in ROM. Additionally, intensity may also be monitored for variation by devices such as a phototransistor, cadmium sulfide cell, or other light measuring components. In this regard, the monitoring device may provide dynamic feedback to the LED drive for more precise color control.
The pulse width control of the present invention is linearly controlled pulse width modulation. However, as known to those of ordinary skill, it may be advantageous to provide logarithmic control to establish more precise brightness at higher duty cycles. For example,
Referring to
A further embodiment of a decorative lighting system is depicted in
Several embodiments of decorative lighting system may be employed in conjunction with any of the above teachings and several examples are included. Generally, these embodiments comprise ornamental displays such as string lights, silhouettes, moving silhouettes, three dimensional displays, large area displays, tree lights and arrayed lines of replaceable light strings. Color animation of individual bulbs therefore adds exciting new capabilities to these conventional display methods and devices. Prior to the invention multiple lines of bulbs were required to be switched together to produce a “chaser” effect. Chaser effects are now possible through the internal control of color and thus permit continuous color changing increasing aesthetic appeal.
Numerous applications for the decorative lighting systems and LED drivers disclosed herein are envisioned, and some examples include applications for color changing LED indicators and illumination on electronic equipment such as VCRs, DVDs, Video Game consoles, etc. Decorative lighting applications could be employed in clusters for environmental lighting where color changeable lights are desired such as in household illumination, landscape illumination, commercial sign illumination, pool and spa lighting, etc. Backlighting applications are often used for decorative purposes appliances, toys, games, and novelty devices and would benefit from the application of the embodiment s described herein. For such applications, the color changeability could be programmed to be reactive to states of the device.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims
1. An apparatus comprising:
- a controller configured to provide a data signal and a clock signal, the controller being electrically connectable to a bus comprising at least two conductors configured to carry the data signal and the clock signal from the controller to a driver electrically connected to the bus, wherein the controller is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to the driver for driving first, second and third light emitting diodes (LEDs) electrically connected to the driver, each of the first, second and third LEDs being configured to emit light at a different wavelength than either of the other LEDs, wherein the driver comprises a plurality of pulse width modulation registers selectable in combination to drive the first, second and third LEDs independent of one another to a blink rate and an intensity to control the color produced by the combination of the LEDs.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to the driver further comprising a brightness register configured to interconnect the plurality of pulse with modulation registers to one or more of the LEDs for controlling a brightness of the respective one or more of the LEDs by adjusting a duty cycle of current supplied thereto.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to the driver further comprising an LED select register for controlling the selection in combination of the plurality of pulse width modulation registers.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to the driver further comprising first, second and third field-effect transistor gates interconnected to respective ones of the plurality of pulse width modulation registers, the first, second and third field-effect transistor gates being configured to gate current to respective ones of the first, second and third LEDs.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal according to an inter-integrated circuit protocol (I2C).
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to provide the data signal including one or more instructions related to one or more addresses, the driver being responsive to the data signal including an address of the driver.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to a plurality of drivers, at least one driver having an address at least a portion of which is common to an address of each of one or more other drivers such that the driver and respective one or more other drivers are responsive to the data signal from the controller upon receiving, in the data signal, an address including the common portion.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to a modulator for modulating a power signal according to the data signal and the clock signal, the bus comprising at least two conductors configured to carry the modulated power signal.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to the driver comprising the plurality of pulse width modulation registers selectable in combination to logarithmically drive the first, second and third LEDs.
10. An apparatus comprising:
- a controller configured to provide signals to a driver according to an inter-integrated circuit protocol (I2C), wherein the controller is configured to provide the I2C signals to the driver for driving first, second and third light emitting diodes (LEDs) electrically connected to the driver, each of the first, second and third LEDs being configured to emit light at a different wavelength than either of the other LEDs, wherein the driver comprises a plurality of pulse width modulation registers selectable in combination to drive the first, second and third LEDs independent of one another to a blink rate and an intensity to control the color produced by the combination of the LEDs.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to provide the I2C signals to the driver further comprising a brightness register configured to interconnect the plurality of pulse with modulation registers to one or more of the LEDs for controlling a brightness of the respective one or more of the LEDs by adjusting a duty cycle of current supplied thereto.
12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to provide the I2C signals to the driver further comprising an LED select register for controlling the selection in combination of the plurality of pulse width modulation registers.
13. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to provide the I2C signals to the driver further comprising first, second and third field-effect transistor gates interconnected to respective ones of the plurality of pulse width modulation registers, the first, second and third field-effect transistor gates being configured to gate current to respective ones of the first, second and third LEDs.
14. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to provide the I2C signals including one or more instructions related to one or more addresses, the driver being responsive to the I2C signals including an address of the driver.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to provide the I2C signals to a plurality of drivers, at least one driver having an address at least a portion of which is common to an address of each of one or more other drivers such that the driver and respective one or more other drivers are responsive to the I2C signals from the controller upon receiving, in the I2C signals, an address including the common portion.
16. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to provide the I2C signals via a bus configured to carry the I2C signals from the controller to the driver electrically connected to the bus, wherein the I2C signals comprise a data signal and a clock signal, and wherein controller is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to a modulator for modulating a power signal according to the data signal and the clock signal, the bus comprising at least two conductors configured to carry the modulated power signal.
17. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to provide the I2C signals to the driver comprising the plurality of pulse width modulation registers selectable in combination to logarithmically drive the first, second and third LEDs.
18. An apparatus configured to provide a data signal and a clock signal to a plurality of drivers via a bus comprising at least two conductors for carrying the data signal and the clock signal, wherein for each of the drivers, the apparatus is configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal for driving first, second and third light emitting diodes (LEDs) electrically connected to the respective driver, each of the first, second and third LEDs of each driver being configured to emit light at a different wavelength than either of the other LEDs of the respective driver, wherein each driver comprises a plurality of pulse width modulation registers selectable in combination to drive the first, second and third LEDs of the respective driver independent of one another to a blink rate and an intensity to control the color produced by the combination of the LEDs of the respective driver.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18 configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to the plurality of drivers each of which further comprises a brightness register, the brightness register of each driver being configured to interconnect the plurality of pulse with modulation registers of the respective driver to one or more of the LEDs electrically connected to the respective driver for controlling a brightness of the respective one or more of the LEDs by adjusting a duty cycle of current supplied thereto.
20. The apparatus according to claim 18 configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to the plurality of drivers each of which further comprises an LED select register, the LED select register of each driver being configured to control the selection in combination of the plurality of pulse width modulation registers of the respective driver.
21. The apparatus according to claim 18 configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to the plurality of drivers each of which further comprises first, second and third field-effect transistor gates, the first, second and third field-effect transistor gates of each driver being electrically connected to respective ones of the plurality of pulse width modulation registers of the respective driver, the first, second and third field-effect transistor gates of each driver being configured to gate current to respective ones of the first, second and third LEDs electrically connected to the respective driver.
22. The apparatus according to claim 18 configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal according to an inter-integrated circuit protocol (I2C).
23. The apparatus according to claim 18 configured to provide the data signal including one or more instructions related to one or more addresses of respective ones of the drivers, at least one driver having an address at least a portion of which is common to an address of each of one or more other drivers such that the driver and respective one or more other drivers are responsive to the data signal from the controller upon receiving, in the data signal, an address including the common portion.
24. The apparatus according to claim 18 configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to a modulator for modulating a power signal according to the data signal and the clock signal, the bus comprising at least two conductors configured to carry the modulated power signal.
25. The apparatus according to claim 18 configured to provide the data signal and the clock signal to the drivers each of which comprises the plurality of pulse width modulation registers selectable in combination to logarithmically drive the first, second and third LEDs electrically connected to the respective driver.
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 11, 2007
Publication Date: Feb 7, 2008
Applicant:
Inventor: Jeffrey Callahan (Hickory, NC)
Application Number: 11/870,821
International Classification: H05B 41/36 (20060101); G09F 9/33 (20060101);