Bipolar plate and fuel cell having stack of bipolar plates
A structure of a bipolar plate for a fuel cell to ensure continuous flow of fluids to flow channels. The bipolar plate includes a plate main body having a surface and an opposite surface, each surface having reaction flow channels through which fluids pass; manifolds formed on the plate main body in the form of an inlet for introducing to and an outlet for discharging a fluid from the reaction flow channel, and connection channels that are formed on the plate main body as connection units between the reaction flow channels and the manifold, wherein the connection channels are formed such that flat regions of both a surface and an opposite surface of the plate main body face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked. The gasket is attached to the flat surface of the plate main body.
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This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 2006-79472, filed on Aug. 22, 2006, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
Aspects of the present invention relate to a bipolar plate used for a fuel cell, and more particularly, to a bipolar plate having a structure that ensures continuous flow of fluids through flow channels and a fuel cell having a stack in which a plurality of the bipolar plates are stacked.
2. Description of the Related Art
A fuel cell is an electricity generator that changes chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy through a chemical reaction, and the fuel cell can continuously generate electricity as long as the fuel is supplied.
Referring to
A constant seal of the receiving spaces 12 is maintained by the gasket 30 inserted between the bipolar plates 10. However, since the gasket 30 is formed of a soft elastic material, there is a high possibility of the gasket 30 blocking the receiving spaces 12. That is, as schematically shown in
In order to solve such problems, a structure, as depicted in
Aspects of the present invention relate to a bipolar plate that ensures a continuous flow of fluid to and from the MEA and a fuel cell having a stack of unit fuel cells in which the bipolar plates are used.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bipolar plate including: a plate main body having a surface and an opposite surface, each surface having reaction flow channels through which fluids pass; manifolds formed on the plate main body in the form of an inlet for introducing a fluid to the reaction flow channels and an outlet for discharging the fluid from the reaction flow channels; and connection channels that are formed on the plate main body to connect the reaction flow channels and the manifolds, wherein the connection channels are formed such that flat regions of both the surface and the opposite surface of the plate main body face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked, and the gaskets are attached to the flat surfaces of the plate main bodies.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell having a stack in which assemblies of two electrodes and an electrolyte membrane and bipolar plates are stacked, wherein the bipolar plates comprise: a plate main body having a surface and an opposite surface, each surface having reaction flow channels through which fluids pass; manifolds formed on the plate main body in the form of an inlet for introducing a fluid to the reaction flow channel and an outlet for discharging the fluid from the reaction flow channel; and connection channels that are formed on the plate main body as connection units between the reaction flow channels and the manifold, wherein the connection channels are formed such that flat regions of both a surface and an opposite surface of the plate main body face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked, and the gasket is attached to the flat surface of the plate main body.
The connection channel may include a first channel, which is connected to a manifold on the surface of the plate main body and connected through the plate main body to the reaction flow channel formed on an opposite surface of the plate main body, and a second channel connected to a manifold on an opposite surface of the plate main body and connected through the plate main body to the reaction flow channel on the surface of the plate main body, wherein, when the plate main bodies are stacked, the first channels are aligned to be stacked on the first channels, and the second channels are aligned to be stacked on the second channels, but the first channels and the second channels of adjacent plate main bodies do not overlap each other.
The first channels and the second channels of adjacent plate main bodies may cross each other.
Flat surfaces may be formed on edge portions of the plate main bodies that face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked so that the gasket is attached to the edge portions of the plate main bodies together the flat surfaces formed by the connection channels.
The manifolds may have an L shape or an I shape through which fluids including hydrogen and oxygen can flow, and the manifold and the reaction flow channels are connected by the connection channel.
According to an aspect of the invention, a fuel cell is provided having a stack in which assemblies of two electrodes, an electrolyte membrane and bipolar plates are stacked, wherein the bipolar plates may include: a plate main body having a surface and an opposite surface, each surface having reaction flow channels through which fluids pass; manifolds formed on the plate main body in the form of an inlet for introducing a fluid to the reaction flow channels and an outlet for discharging the fluid from the reaction flow channels; and connection channels that are formed on the plate main body to connect the reaction flow channels and the manifolds, and to which gaskets for sealing the bipolar plates are attached when the bipolar plates are stacked, wherein the connection channels are formed such that flat regions of both the surface and the opposite surface of the plate main body face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked, and the gaskets are attached to the flat surfaces of the plate main bodies.
According to an aspect of the invention, the connection channels may include: a first channel, which is connected to a manifold on the surface of the plate main body and connected through the plate main body to the reaction flow channel formed on the opposite surface of the plate main body; and a second channel connected to a manifold on the opposite surface of the plate main body and connected through the plate main body to the reaction flow channel on the surface of the plate main body, wherein, when the plate main bodies are stacked, the first channels are aligned to be stacked on the first channels, and the second channels are aligned to be stacked on the second channels, but the first channels and the second channels of adjacent plate main bodies do not overlap each other.
According to an aspect of the invention, the first channels and the second channels of adjacent plate main bodies cross each other.
According to an aspect of the invention, the flat surfaces are formed on edge portions of the plate main bodies that face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked so that the gasket can be attached to the edge portions of the plate main bodies together with the flat surfaces formed by the connection channels.
According to another aspect of the invention, a bipolar plate is provided including: a plate main body having a first side and an opposite side; reaction flow channels on both the first side and the opposite side; manifolds to supply fluids to and remove fluids from the reaction flow channels; first connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the first side; and second connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side, wherein the first connection channels connect to the manifolds on the opposite side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the first side of the plate main body, and the second connection channels connect to the manifolds on the first side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side of the plate main body.
According to an aspect of the invention, the first connection channels form first flat surfaces on the first side of the plate main body, and the second connection channels form second flat surfaces on the opposite side of the plate main body, wherein the first and second flat surfaces allow for a gasket to circumscribe an area in which the reaction flow channels are formed, and the gasket does not separate two connection channels on adjacent stacked bipolar plates.
According to an aspect of the invention, the first connection channels align with the first connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies, and the second connection channels align with the second connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies when at least two bipolar plates are stacked.
According to an aspect of the invention, the first connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies do not overlap, and the second connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies do not overlap.
According to an aspect of the invention, the first connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies cross, and the second connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies cross.
According to another aspect of the invention, complementary bipolar plates are provided including: a first bipolar plate and a second bipolar plate, each may include: a plate main body having a first side and an opposite side; reaction flow channels on both the first side and the opposite side; manifolds to supply fluids to and remove fluids from the reaction flow channels; first connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the first side; and second connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side, wherein the first connection channels connect to the manifolds on the opposite side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the first side of the plate main body, and the second connection channels connect to the manifolds on the first side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side of the plate main body, wherein the first, the second, the third, and the fourth manifolds of each of the first bipolar plate and the second bipolar plate align, and the first connection channels of the first bipolar plate are in a first area of first and second manifolds and the first connection channels of the second bipolar plate are in a second area of the first and the second manifolds and, the second connection channels of the first bipolar plate are in a first area of third and fourth manifolds and the first connection channels of the second bipolar plate are in a second area of the third and the fourth manifolds.
According to an aspect of the invention, the first bipolar plate has a first flat surface that circumscribes an area in which the reaction flow channels of the first bipolar plate are formed, and the second bipolar plate has a second flat surface that circumscribes an area in which the reaction flow channels of the second bipolar plate are formed, wherein the first flat area and the second flat area correspond to each other.
According to another aspect of the invention, a fuel cell stack is provided, including: a plurality of membrane and electrode assemblies; a plurality of bipolar plates may be including: a plate main body having a first side and an opposite side; reaction flow channels on both the first side and the opposite side; manifolds to supply fluids to and remove fluids from the reaction flow channels; first connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the first side; and second connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side, wherein the first connection channels connect to the manifolds on the opposite side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the first side of the plate main body, and the second connection channels connect to the manifolds on the first side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side of the plate main body wherein the plurality of membrane and electrode assemblies are alternately stacked with the plurality of bipolar plates.
According to an aspect of the invention, the fuel cell stack further includes a gasket that seals the alternating membrane and electrode assemblies and bipolar plates and that circumscribes an area in which the reaction flow channels are formed, and the gasket does not separate the first or the second connection channels of the first bipolar plate from the first or the second connection channels of the adjacent bipolar plates.
According to an aspect of the invention, the bipolar plates are stacked so that the first and second connection channels do not face each other.
According to another aspect of the invention, a fuel cell stack is providing including: alternately stacked first bipolar plates and second bipolar plates, each first and second bipolar plate including: a plate main body having a first side and an opposite side; reaction flow channels on both the first side and the opposite side; manifolds to supply fluids to and remove fluids from the reaction flow channels; first connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the first side; and second connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side, wherein the first connection channels connect to the manifolds on the opposite side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the first side of the plate main body, and the second connection channels connect to the manifolds on the first side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side of the plate main body, wherein the first, the second, the third, and the fourth manifolds of each of the first bipolar plate and the second bipolar plate align, and the first connection channels of the first bipolar plate are in a first area of first and second manifolds and the first connection channels of the second bipolar plate are in a second area of the first and the second manifolds and, the second connection channels of the first bipolar plate are in a first area of third and fourth manifolds and the first connection channels of the second bipolar plate are in a second area of the third and the fourth manifolds, and a plurality of membrane and electrode assemblies disposed between the alternately stacked first and second bipolar plates.
According to an aspect of the invention, the fuel cell stack further including a gasket that seals the alternating membrane and electrode assemblies and complementary bipolar plates and that circumscribes an area in which the reaction flow channels are formed, and the gasket does not separate the first or the second connection channels of one complementary bipolar plate from the first or the second connection channels of the adjacent complementary bipolar plates.
Additional aspects and/or advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. The embodiments are described below in order to explain aspects of the present invention by referring to the figures.
Referring to
With reference to
When the plate main bodies 110 are stacked, the attachment of the gasket 300 to the edge portions of the plate main body 110 results in the reaction flow channels 111 and the connection channels 112 not being blocked by the gasket as the entire area of the plate main body 110 to which the gasket attaches is flat.
Furthermore,
Instead of stacking bipolar plates 100 having the same shape, as depicted in
As such, the first pattern bipolar plate 100-1 and the second pattern bipolar plate 100-2 have similar but different patterns. The first pattern bipolar plate 100-1 and the second pattern bipolar plate 100-2 exhibit the same basic structure as described but the two patterns of the bipolar plates 100-1 and 100-2 cross each other meaning that, when stacked, the reaction flow channels 111 of the two patterns of the bipolar plates 100-1 and 100-2 generally do not run parallel to each other. Also, when the bipolar plates 100-1 and 100-2 are stacked, the connection channels 112 are arranged to connect to the manifolds 113 in different locations and generally cross each other. The first pattern bipolar plate 100-1 and the second pattern bipolar plate 100-2 may be mirror images and/or rotated when placed in a fuel cell stack.
Referring to
The first type channels 112a are also connected to the manifolds 113. The manifolds 113 and the reaction flow channels 111 are continuously connected through the first type channels 112a, which extend to each of the first side and the opposite side of the plate main body 110. Generally, about half of each of the first type channels 112a is on each side of the plate main body 110 connected by the via hole 112a-2. For example, if the channel groove 112a-1 is on the first side of the plate main body 110, then the 112a-3 is on the opposite side of plate main body 110. The formation of the first type channel 112a results in flat surfaces F formed on each the first side and the opposite side of the plate main body 110 without any channel grooves, and the gasket 300 is attached to the flat surface F. The flat surfaces F allow for the gasket 300 to form a continuous seal about the perimeter of the plate main body 110.
On the other hand, the second type channels 112b are flow channels through which hydrogen gas passes. The second type channels 112b have configurations in which, as depicted in
In other words, the first and second type channels 112a and 112b, which are connection channels 112, are formed to supply fuel to the reaction flow channels 111 and accommodate a continuous flat surface F formed around the reaction flow channels 111. The gasket 300 is attached to the flat surface F so that the fuel flow from the manifolds 113 to the connection channels 112 to the reaction flow channels 111 is not affected by the gasket 300.
Referring to
Hydrogen also enters through a manifold 113 corresponding to an H2 INLET A portion of the hydrogen flows to the opposite side of the first pattern bipolar plate 100-1 before entering the second type channel 112b. Within the second type channel 112b, the hydrogen flows back to the first side of the first pattern bipolar plate 100-1 to the reaction flow channels 111. The hydrogen reacts with the MEA 200 (not shown) while flowing through the reaction flow channels 111. The unused hydrogen then exits the reaction flow channels 111 through another second type channel 112b. Again, in the second type channel 112b, the hydrogen flows back to the opposite side of the first pattern bipolar plate 100-1 before entering the manifold 113 associated with the H2 OUTLET to join other unused hydrogen and exit the fuel cell stack. Another portion of hydrogen flows past, as depicted in
Thus, a bipolar plate that ensures continuous flow of gasses through flow channels and a stack of the bipolar plates can be realized.
A bipolar plate according to an embodiment of the present invention and a stack having the bipolar plate has, among others, the following advantages.
A very stable sealing state can be maintained since a gasket is attached to a flat surface of a plate main body. In particular, the risk of flow channels being blocked is decreased since connection channels are configured such that a gasket is not disposed between two receiving spaces that are facing each other.
The number of parts and assembly work can be reduced since additional parts such as the conventional bridge plate are not necessary.
The volume of the receiving areas is increased with respect to the related art as no bridge plate is necessary to block the gasket from entering the receiving areas.
Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A bipolar plate comprising:
- a plate main body having a surface and an opposite surface, each surface having reaction flow channels through which fluids pass;
- manifolds formed on the plate main body in the form of an inlet to introduce a fluid to the reaction flow channels and an outlet to discharge the fluid from the reaction flow channels; and
- connection channels that are formed on the plate main body to connect the reaction flow channels and the manifolds, and to which gaskets for sealing the bipolar plates are attached when the bipolar plates are stacked,
- wherein the connection channels are formed such that flat regions of both the surface and the opposite surface of the plate main body face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked, and the gaskets are attached to the flat surfaces of the plate main bodies.
2. The bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the connection channel comprises a first channel, which is connected to a manifold on the surface of the plate main body and connected through the plate main body to the reaction flow channel formed on the opposite surface of the plate main body, and a second channel connected to a manifold on the opposite surface of the plate main body and connected through the plate main body to the reaction flow channel on the surface of the plate main body,
- wherein, when the plate main bodies are stacked, the first channels are aligned to be stacked on the first channels, and the second channels are aligned to be stacked on the second channels, but the first channels and the second channels of adjacent plate main bodies do not overlap each other.
3. The bipolar plate of claim 2, wherein the first channels and the second channels of adjacent plate main bodies cross each other.
4. The bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the flat surfaces are formed on edge portions of the plate main bodies that face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked so that the gasket is attachable to the edge portions of the plate main bodies together with the flat surfaces formed by the connection channels.
5. The bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein the manifolds have an L shape or an I shape through which fluids including hydrogen and oxygen can flow, and the manifolds and the reaction flow channels are connected by the connection channels.
6. A fuel cell having a stack in which assemblies of two electrodes, an electrolyte membrane and bipolar plates are stacked,
- wherein the bipolar plates comprise: a plate main body having a surface and an opposite surface, each surface having reaction flow channels through which fluids pass; manifolds formed on the plate main body in the form of an inlet for introducing a fluid to the reaction flow channels and an outlet to discharge the fluid from the reaction flow channels; and connection channels that are formed on the plate main body to connect the reaction flow channels and the manifolds, and to which gaskets for sealing the bipolar plates are attached when the bipolar plates are stacked,
- wherein the connection channels are formed such that flat regions of both the surface and the opposite surface of the plate main body face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked, and the gaskets are attached to the flat surfaces of the plate main bodies.
7. The fuel cell of claim 6, wherein the connection channels comprise:
- a first channel, which is connected to a manifold on the surface of the plate main body and connected through the plate main body to the reaction flow channel formed on the opposite surface of the plate main body; and
- a second channel connected to a manifold on the opposite surface of the plate main body and connected through the plate main body to the reaction flow channel on the surface of the plate main body,
- wherein, when the plate main bodies are stacked, the first channels are aligned to be stacked on the first channels, and the second channels are aligned to be stacked on the second channels, but the first channels and the second channels of adjacent plate main bodies do not overlap each other.
8. The fuel cell of claim 7, wherein the first channels and the second channels of adjacent plate main bodies cross each other.
9. The fuel cell of claim 6, wherein the flat surfaces are formed on edge portions of the plate main bodies that face each other when the plate main bodies are stacked so that the gasket can be attached to the edge portions of the plate main bodies together with the flat surfaces formed by the connection channels.
10. A bipolar plate, comprising:
- a plate main body having a first side and an opposite side;
- reaction flow channels on both the first side and the opposite side;
- manifolds to supply fluids to and remove fluids from the reaction flow channels;
- first connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the first side; and
- second connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side,
- wherein the first connection channels connect to the manifolds on the opposite side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the first side of the plate main body, and
- the second connection channels connect to the manifolds on the first side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side of the plate main body.
11. The bipolar plate of claim 10, wherein the first connection channels form first flat surfaces on the first side of the plate main body, and
- the second connection channels form second flat surfaces on the opposite side of the plate main body,
- wherein the first and second flat surfaces allow for a gasket to circumscribe an area in which the reaction flow channels are formed, and the gasket does not separate two connection channels on adjacent stacked bipolar plates.
12. The bipolar plate of claim 10, wherein the first connection channels align with the first connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies, and the second connection channels align with the second connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies when at least two bipolar plates are stacked.
13. The bipolar plate of claim 12, wherein the first connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies do not overlap, and the second connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies do not overlap.
14. The bipolar plate of claim 12, wherein the first connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies cross, and the second connection channels of adjacent plate main bodies cross.
15. Complementary bipolar plates, comprising:
- a first bipolar plate and a second bipolar plate, each comprising: a plate main body having a first side and an opposite side; reaction flow channels on both the first side and the opposite side; manifolds to supply fluids to and remove fluids from the reaction flow channels; first connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the first side; and second connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side, wherein the first connection channels connect to the manifolds on the opposite side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the first side of the plate main body, and the second connection channels connect to the manifolds on the first side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side of the plate main body,
- wherein the first, the second, the third, and the fourth manifolds of each of the first bipolar plate and the second bipolar plate align, and
- the first connection channels of the first bipolar plate are in a first area of first and second manifolds and the first connection channels of the second bipolar plate are in a second area of the first and the second manifolds and,
- the second connection channels of the first bipolar plate are in a first area of third and fourth manifolds and the first connection channels of the second bipolar plate are in a second area of the third and the fourth manifolds.
16. The complementary bipolar plates of claim 15, wherein the first bipolar plate has a first flat surface that circumscribes an area in which the reaction flow channels of the first bipolar plate are formed, and the second bipolar plate has a second flat surface that circumscribes an area in which the reaction flow channels of the second bipolar plate are formed, wherein the first flat area and the second flat area correspond to each other.
17. A fuel cell stack, comprising:
- a plurality of membrane and electrode assemblies;
- a plurality of bipolar plates, comprising: a plate main body having a first side and an opposite side; reaction flow channels on both the first side and the opposite side; manifolds to supply fluids to and remove fluids from the reaction flow channels; first connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the first side; and second connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side, the first connection channels connect to the manifolds on the opposite side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the first side of the plate main body, and the second connection channels connect to the manifolds on the first side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side of the plate main body
- wherein the plurality of membrane and electrode assemblies are alternately stacked with the plurality of bipolar plates.
18. The fuel cell stack of claim 17, further comprising a gasket that seals the alternating membrane and electrode assemblies and bipolar plates and that circumscribes an area in which the reaction flow channels are formed, and the gasket does not separate the first or the second connection channels of the first bipolar plate from the first or the second connection channels of the adjacent bipolar plates.
19. The fuel cell stack of claim 17, wherein the bipolar plates are stacked so that the first and second connection channels do not face each other.
20. A fuel cell stack, comprising:
- alternately stacked first bipolar plates and second bipolar plates, each first and second bipolar plate comprising: a plate main body having a first side and an opposite side; reaction flow channels on both the first side and the opposite side; manifolds to supply fluids to and remove fluids from the reaction flow channels; first connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the first side; and second connection channels to connect the manifolds to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side, wherein the first connection channels connect to the manifolds on the opposite side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the first side of the plate main body, and the second connection channels connect to the manifolds on the first side of the plate main body and extend therethrough to connect to the reaction flow channels on the opposite side of the plate main body, wherein the first, the second, the third, and the fourth manifolds of each of the first bipolar plate and the second bipolar plate align, and the first connection channels of the first bipolar plate are in a first area of first and second manifolds and the first connection channels of the second bipolar plate are in a second area of the first and the second manifolds and, the second connection channels of the first bipolar plate are in a first area of third and fourth manifolds and the first connection channels of the second bipolar plate are in a second area of the third and the fourth manifolds, and
- a plurality of membrane and electrode assemblies disposed between the alternately stacked first and second bipolar plates.
21. The fuel cell stack of claim 20, further comprising a gasket that seals the alternating membrane and electrode assemblies and complementary bipolar plates and that circumscribes an area in which the reaction flow channels are formed, and the gasket does not separate the first or the second connection channels of one complementary bipolar plate from the first or the second connection channels of the adjacent complementary bipolar plates.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 2, 2007
Publication Date: Feb 28, 2008
Applicant: Samsung SDI Co, Ltd. (Suwon-si)
Inventors: Jie Peng (Yongin-si), Seung-jae Lee (Yongin-si), Tae-won Song (Yongin-si), Jae-young Shin (Yongin-si)
Application Number: 11/701,444
International Classification: H01M 8/24 (20060101); H01M 8/04 (20060101);