Oil-purifying device with oil diffusing assembly and high-surface-area structure
An oil-purifying device incorporating a housing that includes an evaporation chamber. In one implementation, there are an oil intake port and an oil exit port, both in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber. There are also at least two ventilation ports in gaseous communication with the evaporation chamber. The oil-purifying device may include an oil diffusing assembly to receive oil from the oil intake port and distribute it. In one implementation, the oil diffusing assembly includes perforated oil journals. The oil-purifying device may include a heating device to heat the oil to increase the rate of evaporation of contaminants. The oil-purifying device may also include a high-surface-area structure to increase a surface area of the oil for improved evaporation of contaminants. In one implementation, the high-surface-area structure includes a metallic or synthetic material with a rough filamentous surface upon which to deposit oil.
One or more embodiments relate to purifying oil. More specifically, one or more embodiments relate to an oil-purifying device with an evaporation chamber.
BACKGROUNDOil filters alone do not remove all contaminants from motor oil. They primarily remove particles that become suspended in the oil through engine use. However, motor oil also accumulates non-particulate contaminants that are not removed by oil filters. These non-particulate contaminants include water, fuel, radiator fluid, and other volatile fluids and gases.
Water or motor fuel in motor oil causes the motor oil to lose viscosity, thereby reducing its effectiveness as a lubricant and as a coolant. Further, water can damage engine parts by increasing wear and promoting rust. Water in motor oil may also react with other contaminants, for example, sulfur, to form acids.
Oil purifiers that remove non-particulate contaminants from motor oil promote the longevity of both the motor oil and the engine. Such purifiers are typically used in addition to an oil filter. They often do not receive the full flow of engine oil, but instead receive a smaller oil flow. For example, a small flow of oil may be received through an oil bypass journal. An oil bypass journal diverts a small quantity of oil from a larger flow of oil that otherwise would be going to, for example, an oil filter.
However, an oil bypass journal is just one way an oil purifying device receives a flow of oil. An oil-purifying device may also have a separate direct line to an oil source, such as a pressurized oil journal in the engine.
Evaporation is one of the methods or mechanisms used by oil-purifying devices to remove non-particulate contaminants from motor oil. Contaminants such as water and motor fuel have lower vapor pressures than motor oil and will therefore evaporate more readily.
One design consideration for oil purifiers that use evaporation is how to increase the rate of evaporation of non-particulate contaminants. Increasing the rate of evaporation results in faster removal of non-particulates from the motor oil. This in turn helps prevent more of the harmful effects of such contaminants.
In described embodiments, an oil-purifying device uses evaporation to remove non-particulate contaminants from oil. Evaporation is effective when the non-particulate contaminants have a lower vapor pressure than oil. When the contaminants evaporate, they leave cleaner oil behind.
Although embodiments are described as operating to purify oil, such as motor oil, the devices and methods described are applicable to other fluids having volatile contaminants. Examples of such fluids are hydraulic fluid and water that may have dissolved acids or lightweight petroleum-based contaminants.
In some embodiments, an oil-purifying device includes a housing that defines an evaporation chamber. Oil heated by an engine or other mechanical device and contaminated with non-particulate, volatile contaminants is introduced into the evaporation chamber. The non-particulate contaminants are evaporated and vented to the outside of the chamber. The cleaner oil is then drained from the chamber.
In some embodiments, the rate of evaporation is increased by distributing oil throughout a greater area of the evaporation chamber. The greater area of distribution increases the surface area of that oil that is exposed to the gaseous atmosphere of the evaporation chamber. A greater exposed surface area generally results in a higher evaporation rate.
In some embodiments, the rate of evaporation is increased by heating the oil above the boiling temperature of the contaminants in the oil prior to distributing the oil into the evaporation chamber. The hot oil is exposed to the gaseous atmosphere of the evaporation chamber. A greater temperature generally results in a higher evaporation rate.
In some embodiments, the rate of evaporation is increased by depositing the contaminated oil on filler, sponge-like or filamentous materials. These materials have a greater surface area than a flat smooth surface. Thus, the oil deposited on these materials will have a greater surface area exposed to the gaseous atmosphere of the evaporation chamber. As noted above, a greater exposed surface area generally results in a higher evaporation rate. The filler, sponge-like, or filamentous material will be referred to subsequently as a “high-surface-area structure.”
Referencing
Referencing FIG. 2—an exploded view of the device of FIG. 1—contaminated oil is introduced into the evaporation chamber through an oil intake port 110. The oil is distributed about the chamber by a diffusion assembly 112 that, in one embodiment, includes a diffuser 114 to distribute oil and a diffuser cover 116. The diffuser cover 116 couples to the diffuser 114 to form a seal to prevent unintended spillage of the oil as it flows about the diffuser 114.
In one embodiment, the diffuser 114 includes perforated oil journals that allow the contaminated oil to drip toward a portion of the evaporation chamber 108 that is defined by the interior surfaces of evaporation chamber base 104 (Perforated journals are not shown in this figure, but see
In one embodiment, the high-surface-area structure 146 includes a sponge-like or filamentous material disposed between the diffuser 114 and the interior surfaces of the evaporation chamber base 104. In another embodiment, the high-surface-area structure includes a filler-type material.
Non-particulate, volatile contaminants in the oil evaporate out of the contaminated oil as it flows from the oil intake port into the diffuser 114 and out of the perforated oil journals onto the lower chamber surfaces and the high-surface-area structure. These evaporated contaminants diffuse into an upper portion of the evaporation chamber defined by the evaporation chamber cover 102 and exit the evaporation chamber via air vents 120 (only one vent shown).
The now cleaner oil remains in the chamber. This oil drains from the high-surface-area structure 146 and the interior surfaces of the evaporation chamber base 104 and exits the chamber through an oil exit port 122.
Referencing
That is, referencing
Further referencing
Alternative embodiments need not be mounted to either an oil filter or an engine. These alternative embodiments may have a variety of shapes and may lack a mounting pipe. While the above embodiments with the mounting pipe may be designed to purify oil as it circulates through an operating engine, the alternative embodiments may purify oil that is not circulating through an engine. In one alternative embodiment, the housing has a rectangular shape and there is no center hole or pipe. This embodiment may be used to purify contaminated oil from, for example, a storage container.
The above is a high-level overview of embodiments of an oil-purifying device. The structure and operation of particular embodiments are now discussed in more detail.
Referencing
Metering jet 430 controls the rate of flow of contaminated oil into the evaporation chamber 108. This flow rate control is regulated by the size of the inner diameter of metering jet 430, through which the oil flows. In one embodiment, the oil is pumped under pressure through the oil intake port 110. The velocity of the oil increases as the oil enters metering jet 430 due to its smaller inner diameter relative to the inner diameter of the oil intake port 110.
In one embodiment—as shown by the oil flow arrows of FIG. 4—the oil leaving metering jet 430 moves from the metering jet and its coupling with the oil intake port 430 to the diffuser 114. More specifically, the oil leaving the metering jet moves through an opening 132 in diffuser 114. Contaminated oil therefore flows through the metering jet 430, through the opening 132 in the diffuser 114 and into the diffusion assembly 112. As discussed below in reference to
In one embodiment, a phenomenon known as cavitation may occur as contaminated oil leaves the metering jet 430 and travels into the diffusion assembly 112. As discussed above, the oil is pumped through the metering jet 430 under pressure. Air and gases from the interior of the engine are entrapped in the oil. The pressure remains constant, therefore the velocity is increased due to the narrow inner diameter of metering jet 430. The oil pressure in the diffusion assembly 112 is substantially less than that within the oil intake port 110 and metering jet 430 since the evaporation chamber is open to the atmosphere. Cavitation, or vigorous, forceful expansion of entrapped air and gases, takes place as the oil exits the metering jet 430 and enters the diffusion assembly 112. Evaporation of volatile, non-particulate contaminants occurs as the gases expand. Although cavitation evaporates some of the volatile contaminants, it also may erode the interior surface of the metering jet 430 over time.
As discussed above, in one embodiment, the metering jet 430 is detachably coupled to the oil intake port 110 and is therefore replaceable. Replacement of the metering jet 430 may serve several purposes. First, a metering jet 430 that has been eroded by the above-described cavitation may be replaced when its performance falls below an acceptable level. Second, different metering jets may be used with oils of varying viscosity. For example, a metering jet with a relatively large inner diameter may be used with high-viscosity oil. Metering jets of varying inner diameters may then be used to achieve predetermined flow rates with oils of varying viscosity.
A diffuser 114, for use in some embodiments, is now described with reference to
In one embodiment, as shown if
In one embodiment, as shown in
Although in the embodiment shown in
In addition, although in the embodiment shown in
In one embodiment, a single perforated pipe is arranged within the evaporation chamber. Oil is sprayed or pumped under pressure through the pipe. The oil leaves the pipe with sufficient velocity to be distributed about the evaporation chamber. In alternative embodiments there may be a plurality of such pipes.
Finally, although in the embodiment shown in
Referencing
As shown in
Referencing
Further referencing
In contrast to the oil, the evaporated contaminants diffuse into the gaseous atmosphere of the upper portion of the evaporation chamber 108 defined by the evaporation chamber cover. In some embodiments, as they do so, they encounter the diffusion assembly 112.
Once more referencing
Referencing
In one embodiment, only one ventilation port is provided. In another embodiment, a separate ventilation port is not provided. Instead the oil exit port is also the ventilation port. Oil and evaporated contaminants both exit via the oil exit port.
In one embodiment, evaporation of contaminants causes an increased gaseous pressure with the evaporation chamber forcing evaporated contaminants out of one or more ventilation ports. In another embodiment, a gaseous pressure at one ventilation port is greater than a gaseous pressure at another ventilation port. For example, compressed air could be introduced at one port, or the other port could be connected to a vacuum line. Thus, a gas flow is created in which gas flows into the evaporation chamber through one or more ventilation ports and exits the evaporation chamber through one or more different ventilation ports. Evaporated contaminants are caught in this gas flow as they rise into the upper portion of the evaporation chamber 108. The caught evaporated contaminants are then evacuated from the evaporation chamber by the gas flow out of the above one or more ventilation ports.
Referencing
In one embodiment, the high-surface-area structure 1046 includes a sponge-like material with a multiplicity of cavities and a variegated surface that presents an increased surface area upon which to deposit oil. In this and similar embodiments, the high-surface-area structure is positioned within the evaporation chamber 108 to receive oil that drips or flows from the perforated oil journals (136,
In another embodiment, the high-surface-area structure includes filamentous material such as a coarse metal or non-metal shavings coils or wires, similar to coarse steel wool. The fibers of the metal or non-metal shavings present a substantial surface area to the oil, which results in the oil being spread more thinly. The thinly spread oil presents a greater surface area to the atmosphere of the evaporation chamber. As stated above, a greater surface area generally results in a higher rate of evaporation.
Referencing
In another embodiment, the high-surface-area structure includes the floor and walls of the evaporation chamber, at least some of which have ribbed or rough surfaces that present an increased surface area to the oil.
An embodiment in which an oil intake port receives its oil from an oil bypass journal is now discussed. As discussed in reference to
Further referencing
As shown the oil flows from the metering jet 1030 into the diffusion assembly formed by the diffuser 114 and diffuser cover 116. The oil then falls through the holes of the perforations of the perforated journals toward a floor of the evaporation chamber 108.
Unlike the oil journals (e.g., 128,
Although in the above embodiments, the pipe was described as possibly transporting oil from an oil filter to an engine, in another embodiment, the direction of flow could be just the opposite. That is, the pipe transports oil from the engine to the oil filter and the oil journals transport the oil back to the engine from the oil filter.
Temperature is a factor that may increase the rate of evaporation. Therefore, in some embodiments, it may be advantageous to heat the oil to promote evaporation of volatile, non-particulate contaminants. In some embodiments, the oil is heated as a natural side-effect of a running engine and the oil-purifying device is coupled to the engine to receive this heated oil. In alternative embodiments, the oil-purifying device is mounted on the engine—and warmed by it through conduction—but it does not receive its oil directly from the engine. Regardless, in the above embodiments, the oil is heated either directly or indirectly by an engine. However, in some embodiments, the oil-purifying device is not mounted to an engine.
In oil-purifying devices that are not mounted to or heated by an engine, a separate heating mechanism may be desirable to heat the oil to increase the rate of evaporation. Referencing
As shown in
-
- the upper surface of the diffuser where the heating elements make contact with the oil, or
- the underside surface of the diffuser, where the oil is heated as a secondary effect by conduction of thermal energy through the diffuser material, or
- the outside of the base, heating the oil as a secondary effect of heating the base by conduction of thermal energy through the base material, or
- the interior of the center shaft, heating the oil as a secondary effect of heating the base by conduction of thermal energy through the base, or
- the interior surfaces of one or more oil supply journals heating the oil directly as well as and heating the oil as a secondary effect of heating the base by conduction of thermal energy through the base.
Further referencing
In one embodiment an electrical control or thermostat controls the temperature of the heating elements by monitoring and adjusting the applied current and voltage. In another, the electrical resistance of the heating elements limits the current so no controller is required. In one embodiment, the heating mechanism heats the contaminated oil to a temperature of between about 200 degrees and 250 degrees Fahrenheit.
Under some circumstances it is desirable to mount an oil purifying device to an engine, but without mounting an oil filter to the central pipe. For example, in some engines used in heavy equipment, a special heavy-duty oil filter may be used that is not attached to the engine at the usual pipe used to couple to oil filters. But, it may still be beneficial to couple the oil-purifying device to the engine at the usual pipe to receive heated oil or for other convenience.
Returning to a previous description with reference to
Under ordinary circumstances, the oil filter 103 is used to return oil that flows from the engine 105 through oil journals (128,
Referencing
Referencing
As indicated by the oil-flow arrows of
Referencing
In one embodiment, the housing is formed by forming an evaporation chamber base, forming an evaporation chamber cover and then joining them together. In a further embodiment, the base and the cover are joined by a threaded connection. When the base and evaporation chamber are joined by a threaded connection, the diffuser assembly and high-surface-area structure (if provided) is enclosed by the toroid formed by the interior cavity of the base/top union. The union may be threaded or dimensioned such that a ‘press-fit’ connection is formed that keeps the top in the same position that the two pieces are orientated at the time of joining.
The method 1400 further includes providing the housing with ports. (Process Block 1433). In one embodiment, the housing is provided with an oil intake port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber. The oil intake port may be adapted to be detachably coupled to a metering jet. In one embodiment, the housing is provided with an oil exit port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber.
In one embodiment, the housing is provided with at least two ventilation ports in gaseous communication with the evaporation chamber. In a further embodiment, a first-provided ventilation port is adapted to have, when in operation, a gaseous pressure higher than a gaseous pressure at a second-provided ventilation port.
In one embodiment, providing the ports includes drilling holes or openings for the ports into walls of the housing. In an alternative embodiment in which the housing is cast from a mold, the ports are provided in part by having the holes or openings provided as part of the casting process.
The method 1400 further includes providing an oil diffusing assembly in fluid communication with the oil intake port. (Process Block 1435). In one embodiment, providing an oil diffusing assembly includes placing at least one perforated oil journal in fluid communication with the oil intake port. In a further embodiment, the at least one perforated oil journal is at least partly placed inside the evaporation chamber.
The method 1400 further includes providing an high-surface-area structure to present an increased surface area upon which to deposit oil. (Process Block 1437). In some embodiments, providing an high-surface-area structure includes placing a sponge-like or filamentous material within the evaporation chamber. In one embodiment, providing an high-surface-area structure includes placing a dense mesh of material within the evaporation chamber. For example, coarse steel wool is placed within the chamber.
Referencing
The ability to rotate the cover also allows the device to be used in a horizontal orientation in which the evaporation chamber base and the evaporation chamber cover are horizontally adjacent. The cover may be rotated during installation such that the ventilation ports are out of regions of the device where oil will flow. The device may be used in a variety of orientations. For some orientations, it is desirable to position the ventilation ports and the oil exit ports so that they function correctly.
At times, oil may flow into the evaporation chamber via the metering jet at a faster rate than the rate at which it is flowing out of the chamber via the oil exit port. For example, a plug or obstruction may develop in the oil exit port. As a safety measure, to prevent oil from spilling out of the device onto, for example, the roadway, an overflow protection mechanism may be used. For example, a t-shaped tube or conveyance may be coupled to each of the ventilation ports. Then, if oil is overflowing from the chamber into the ventilation ports, the oil may be drained via one of the arms of the t-shaped tube back to the engine. For example, it could be drained back into a hose that is carrying oil to the engine from the oil exit port. Meanwhile, the evaporated contaminants could still be vented out of the other arm of the t-shaped tube or conveyance.
At time reference is made to “one embodiment.” All the embodiments referred to as “one embodiment” are not necessarily the same embodiment.
The foregoing embodiments and advantages are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can appreciate from the foregoing description that the techniques of the embodiments of the invention can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while the embodiments of this invention have been described in connection with particular examples thereof, the true scope of the embodiments of the invention should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent to the skilled practitioner upon a study of the drawings, specification, and following claims.
Claims
1. An oil-purifying apparatus, comprising:
- a housing defining an evaporation chamber to receive contaminated oil;
- an oil intake port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- an oil exit port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- a ventilation port in gaseous communication with the evaporation chamber; and
- an oil diffusing assembly to receive contaminated oil from the oil intake port.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a high-surface-area structure to increase a surface area of the contaminated oil, a heating mechanism to heat the oil, or a metering jet detachably coupled to the oil intake port to control a rate of flow of the oil.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the oil diffusing assembly includes at least one perforated oil journal.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one perforated oil journal includes a plurality of perforated oil journals disposed in a radial configuration about a central axis.
5. The oil-purifying device of claim 3, wherein the at least one perforated oil journal comprises a plurality of perforated oil journals disposed within a plane, the plane positioned to allow oil from the perforated oil journals to drip toward a surface of the evaporation chamber.
6. An oil-purifying apparatus, comprising:
- a housing defining an evaporation chamber to receive contaminated oil;
- an oil intake port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- an oil exit port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- a ventilation port in gaseous communication with the evaporation chamber; and
- a high-surface-area structure to increase a surface area of the contaminated oil.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising at least one of an oil diffusing assembly to receive contaminated oil from the oil intake port, a heating mechanism to heat the oil, or a metering jet detachably coupled to the oil intake port to control a rate of flow of the oil.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the high-surface-area structure includes filamentous material.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the high-surface-area structure includes a sponge-like material with a plurality of cavities and a variegated surface for disposing at least some of the oil onto.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the high-surface-area structure includes at least one rough surface of the evaporation chamber for disposing at least some of the oil onto.
11. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the high-surface-area structure includes columnar structures that are arranged in a steeple-shaped structure on a floor of the evaporation chamber.
12. An oil-purifying apparatus, comprising:
- a housing defining an evaporation chamber to receive contaminated oil;
- an oil intake port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- an oil exit port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- a ventilation port in gaseous communication with the evaporation chamber; and
- a thin-film resistive metal heating mechanism to heat the oil.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising at least one of an oil diffusing assembly to receive contaminated oil from the oil intake port, a high-surface-area structure to increase a surface area of the contaminated oil, or a metering jet detachably coupled to the oil intake port to control a rate of flow of the oil.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the heating mechanism heats the oil to a temperature between about 200 degrees and 250 degrees Fahrenheit.
15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the thin-film resistive metal of the heating mechanism is insulated with an electrically-insulating film.
16. An oil-purifying apparatus, comprising:
- a housing defining an evaporation chamber to receive contaminated oil;
- an oil intake port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- an oil exit port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- a ventilation port in gaseous communication with the evaporation chamber; and
- a replaceable metering jet detachably coupled to the oil intake port to control a rate of flow of the oil.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising at least one of an oil diffusing assembly to receive contaminated oil from the oil intake port, a high-surface-area structure to increase a surface area of the contaminated oil, or a heating mechanism to heat the oil.
18. An oil-purifying device, comprising:
- a housing defining an evaporation chamber to receive contaminated oil;
- an oil intake port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- an oil exit port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- means for receiving oil from the oil intake port and dispersing it within the evaporation chamber;
- means for increasing a surface area of oil dispersed within the evaporation chamber; and
- means for venting evaporated contaminants from the evaporation chamber.
19. An oil-purifying device comprising:
- a housing defining an evaporation chamber to receive contaminated oil;
- an oil intake port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- an oil exit port in fluid communication with the evaporation chamber;
- at least two ventilation ports in gaseous communication with the evaporation chamber;
- at least one perforated oil journal in fluid communication with the oil intake port;
- a metering jet detachably coupled to the oil intake port to control a rate of flow of the oil; and
- a high-surface-area structure to increase a surface area of the contaminated oil
- wherein the oil intake port is adapted to be coupled, when in use, with an oil conveyance that extends from an oil source toward an exterior of the housing.
20. The device of claim 19, wherein a gaseous pressure at a first port of the at least two ventilation ports is greater than a gaseous pressure at a second port of the at least two ventilation ports.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 28, 2006
Publication Date: Apr 3, 2008
Inventors: Donald Patrick Cox (Oro Valley, AZ), Stephen Donald Hauck (Tucson, AZ)
Application Number: 11/541,281
International Classification: C10G 7/00 (20060101);