SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING EROSION OF COMPONENTS DURING WELL TREATMENT
A technique is provided for use in treating one or more well zones by directing a treatment fluid downwardly through a delivery tube and then outwardly through one or more nozzles into a desired well zone. The treatment fluid is delivered downhole to the desired well zone and at least a portion of that fluid is directed laterally outward from the well treatment completion through the one or more nozzles. Each nozzle comprises a material that protects both the nozzle and proximate portions of the delivery tube from detrimental erosion due to the passage of treatment fluid.
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Many types of well treatments are performed by a variety of completions. The well treatments may involve sand control operations in which gravel laden slurry is delivered downhole to a desired well zone to be gravel packed. In many applications, the gravel slurry can create significant erosion of completion components against which or through which the slurry is flowed to the desired well zone. In some gravel pack operations, the slurry is delivered down a tube, such as a shunt tube, and forced outwardly through laterally oriented nozzles. The flowing slurry can create component erosion at various contact points along the tube and nozzles. If the nozzles or tube become sufficiently eroded, the exiting slurry is not properly directed away from the completion components, e.g. sand screens, to create a properly functioning gravel pack.
Existing nozzles are generally constructed as a stainless steel tube, but rapidly flowing slurry can erode the stainless steel tube as well as the outlet opening of the delivery tube through which slurry flows to the nozzle. The erosion is currently minimized by pumping at slower rates to ensure gravel velocities are below the critical velocity causing erosion of the component. Attempts also have been made to minimize erosion by installing a carbide tube within the stainless steel tube. However, the carbide tube has not prevented erosion at the base of the nozzle and at the delivery tube wall proximate the nozzle entry. If the erosion leads to slurry bypassing the nozzle, the slurry is then no longer properly directed away from the completion, e.g. away from the filtration surface, which can result in erosion of the filtration surface and failure of the well completion.
SUMMARYIn general, the present invention provides a system and method for use with a completion in treating one or more well zones. The treatment involves directing a treatment fluid downwardly through a delivery tube and then outwardly through one or more nozzles into a desired well zone. A slurry or other treatment fluid is delivered downhole to the desired well zone and at least a portion of that fluid is directed laterally outward from the well treatment completion through the one or more nozzles. Each nozzle is uniquely designed to protect both the nozzle and proximate portions of the delivery tube from erosion that would detrimentally affect the well treatment operation.
Certain embodiments of the invention will hereafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements, and:
In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of the present invention. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these details and that numerous variations or modifications from the described embodiments may be possible.
The present invention generally relates to a well system that can be used for well treatment operations, such as sand control operations. The well system is designed to deliver a well treatment fluid, e.g. a gravel slurry, downhole to a desired well zone. The well treatment fluid is delivered through a tubing, such as a shunt tube, and then routed laterally outward through one or more nozzles. Each nozzle comprises an insert region that forms a flow path for the well treatment fluid. The insert region is designed to control erosion with respect to both the nozzle and the tubing portion proximate the nozzle.
Referring generally to
Completion assembly 32 comprises a treatment string 42 that can be used to perform the treatment of well zone 38. A well treatment fluid is delivered downhole through completion assembly 32 and along treatment string 42 via one or more delivery tubes or tubular members 44. The treatment fluid is directed radially or laterally outward from tubular members 44 via one or more nozzles 46. In the example illustrated, tubular members 44 comprise one or more shunt tubes 48 that route the treatment fluid along treatment string 42. If the well treatment is a sand control treatment, e.g. a gravel packing treatment, treatment string 42 comprises one or more screens 50, and the treatment fluid comprises a gravel slurry, as known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Also, one or more well zones 38 can be isolated by appropriately placed packers 52.
Nozzles 46 are designed to redirect the well treatment fluid flowing through the tubular members 44 and ordinarily are susceptible to wear, particularly with abrasive treatment fluids such as gravel slurry. Several embodiments of nozzles 46 that are designed to eliminate or at least control erosion caused by the treatment fluid are described herein. One embodiment is illustrated in
In this embodiment, nozzle 46 comprises an insert region 56 having a flow passage 58 through which the well treatment fluid flows laterally outward from an interior 60 of tubular member 44. Insert region 56 is formed from an erosion resistant material which may be a hardened material, such as a carbide material. For example, the insert region 56 can be formed of tungsten carbide, a ceramic material, or Stellite. The outward flow of well treatment fluid is enabled by an opening 62 formed through a wall 64 of tubular member 44. Insert region 56 comprises a corresponding end region 66 sized to fit within opening 62 and extend through wall 64. By extending the material of insert region 56 through wall 64, protection is provided both for nozzle 46 and for tubular member 44 in the region where well treatment fluid is routed into nozzle 46. In the embodiment illustrated, insert region 56 extends into opening 62 until it is generally flush with an interior surface 68 of tubular member 44.
As illustrated, insert region 56 further comprises a shoulder 70 positioned to abut a wall 64 and prevent the insert region 56 from moving inwardly into tubular member 44. A retaining housing 72 is positioned over insert region 56 on the exterior side of tubular member 44 to secure insert region 56 and the overall nozzle 46 with respect to tubular member 44. By way of example, retaining housing 72 may be formed from a conventional nozzle material, such as a steel material, that is welded or otherwise fastened to wall 64 of tubular member 44. In this embodiment, retaining housing 72 comprises an opening 74 through which the well treatment fluid is discharged from flow passage 58. It should be noted the insert region 56 can be formed as a separable component or as a component adhered to or otherwise combined with retaining housing 72. The insert region 56 also can be coated onto or otherwise applied to retaining housing 72.
Another embodiment of nozzle 46 is illustrated in
The configuration of insert region 56 can be adjusted to combat material erosion in areas experiencing the greatest susceptibility to erosion and loading. As illustrated in
In another embodiment, insert region 56 comprises a laterally outward end 78 sized to extend through opening 74 of retaining housing 72. The outward end 78 of insert region 56 further protects retaining housing 72 from erosion at the point where well treatment fluid is discharged from nozzle 46. This type of laterally outward end 78 can be utilized with a number of the nozzle embodiments described herein. For example, positioning outward end 78 through housing opening 74 can be utilized with a nozzle insert region having a concentric (as opposed to eccentric) corresponding end region 66, as illustrated best in
An alternative approach to controlling erosion that may occur at the nozzle tip is illustrated in the embodiment of
Insert region 56 also can be retained within retaining housing 72 by fastening insert region 56 to an interior of retaining housing 72 by an appropriate fastening mechanism 84, as illustrated in
In some applications, further protection of tubular member 44 from erosion can be provided by forming insert region 56 has a two-part member, as illustrated in
A similar embodiment is illustrated in
Another embodiment of nozzle 46 is illustrated in
As illustrated in
In another alternate embodiment, insert region 56 is retained from moving away from tubular member 44 by an internal flange 102 positioned along interior surface 68 of tubular member 44, as illustrated in
Other embodiments of nozzle 46 are designed to control the flow of slurry or other treatment fluid as it exits the nozzle, as illustrated in
In some applications, nozzle 46 can be constructed by forming insert region 56 as a simple tube 108 inserted in through opening 62 of wall 64 and into interior 16 of tubular member 44, as illustrated in
Nozzles 46 also can be designed to change their spray pattern over time, as illustrated by the embodiments of
The use of a nozzle that undergoes controlled erosion to selectively change the spray pattern can be incorporated with a number of the nozzle embodiments described herein. Another example is illustrated in
Another embodiment of nozzle 46 incorporates a spacer ring 114, as illustrated in
The unique nozzles 46 can be used with a variety of completion assemblies and service tools where it is necessary or desirable to control or eliminate erosion that would otherwise be caused by the well treatment fluid. Furthermore, the nozzles can be used in many sand control/gravel packing operations practiced in a variety of environments. However, the nozzles also can be used in other treatment operations. The size, shape and location of each nozzle 46 can be adjusted according to the needs of a specific well treatment operation. Similarly, the materials used to form each nozzle 46 can be selected according to the environment, the type of well treatment fluid, the desire to eliminate or otherwise control the erosive effects of the well treatment fluid, and other operational parameters. The shunt tubes or other fluid delivery tubes also can be designed and routed according to the treatment operation and the treatment equipment used in the operation.
Accordingly, although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this invention. Such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the claims.
Claims
1. A system to facilitate a gravel packing operation, comprising:
- a shunt tube through which a gravel slurry is directed; and
- a nozzle coupled to the shunt tube to direct a portion of the gravel slurry laterally outward from the shunt tube, the nozzle having a hardened insert region forming a flow path and extending through a wall of the shunt tube.
2. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the hardened insert region extends through the wall until it is flush with the inside diameter of the shunt tube.
3. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the hardened insert region extends through the wall and into an interior of the shunt tube.
4. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the nozzle further comprises a retaining housing to hold the hardened insert region against the wall of the shunt tube.
5. The system as recited in claim 4, wherein the hardened insert region comprises a shoulder positioned to prevent movement of the hardened insert region into the shunt tube.
6. (canceled)
7. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the hardened insert region is secured directly to the wall of the shunt tube.
8. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the hardened insert region comprises a separate plate positioned in a corresponding opening formed in the wall, of the shunt tube.
9. (canceled)
10. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the hardened insert region is retained with respect to the shunt tube from an interior of the shunt tube.
11. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the flow path within the nozzle is curvilinear.
12. A method to facilitate a well treatment, comprising:
- flowing a slurry into a wellbore region through a delivery tube;
- diverting at least a portion of the slurry laterally through a nozzle; and
- protecting both the nozzle and the delivery tube from erosion with an insert located along a flow path into and through the nozzle.
13. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein protecting comprises extending the insert through a wall of the delivery tube and into an interior of the delivery tube.
14. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein protecting comprises extending the insert until the insert is generally flush with a wall surface defining an internal diameter of the delivery tube.
15. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising holding the insert at a desired position with a retaining housing.
16. (canceled)
17. (canceled)
18. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising securing the nozzle to an interior surface of the delivery tube.
19. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising securing the nozzle at an opening formed through the delivery tube.
20. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein protecting comprises forming a portion of the insert as a plate fitted within an opening formed in the delivery tube.
21. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising forming the nozzle to erode in a predetermined manner.
22. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising providing the nozzle with a curvilinear flow path.
23. A method, comprising:
- forming a nozzle with a material that limits the normal erosion otherwise incurred during passage of a gravel slurry through the nozzle; and
- fastening the nozzle over a side opening of a tubular member through which the gravel slurry is delivered such that the material also protects the tubular member from erosion proximate the side opening.
24. The method as recited in claim 23, wherein forming comprises forming the nozzle with a retaining housing and an insert held at least partially within the retaining housing, the insert being formed of the material.
25. The method as recited in claim 23, wherein forming comprises forming the nozzle to extend through the side opening and to protrude into an interior of the tubular member.
26. The method as recited in claim 23, wherein forming comprises forming the nozzle with a separate plate sized to fit within the side opening.
27. A system, comprising:
- a nozzle for use in directing an erosive fluid from a delivery tube and into a wellbore region, the nozzle having an insert formed of a material to control erosion of both the nozzle and the delivery tube, the insert being positioned to extend through a wall of the delivery tube to at least an inside diameter of the delivery tube upon attachment of the nozzle to the delivery tube.
28. The system as recited in claim 27, wherein the nozzle comprises a retaining housing surrounding the insert.
29. The system as recited in claim 27, wherein the nozzle is formed from a material that erodes in a controlled manner to change a nozzle spray pattern.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 20, 2007
Publication Date: Dec 25, 2008
Applicant: SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (Sugar Land, TX)
Inventors: Michael D. Langlais (Bartlesville, OK), Crystal Bemis (Bartlesville, OK), Michael Miller (Bartlesville, OK)
Application Number: 11/765,807
International Classification: E21B 43/04 (20060101);