Encapsulated manhole cover
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a cover for a manhole or similar structure that encapsulates a traditional cover so as to extend the height of the cover. Generally, a conventional manhole cover is partially or entirely encapsulated in polyurethane to change its outside dimensions to match the environment of an intended location.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a manhole cover and, more particularly to an encapsulated manhole cover.
2. Description of Related Art
In many urban areas the benefits of underground utilities require numerous manholes and other openings to be provided on the streets and sidewalks. While the manhole and its opening are initially almost unnoticeable, the changing surfaces and environment usually reveal the manholes and other gratings after some time.
For example,
Over time, however, the road 106 may be re-paved such that its surface rises far above that of the collar 104. When this occurs, traveling over the manhole cover can become very uncomfortable and potentially unsafe because it can damage vehicles or cause drivers to try to avoid them. Municipalities can sometimes be held liable for damage caused by the “potholes” of sunken manhole covers
There have been attempts in the past to address this issue but they have proven time consuming and expensive. For example, one solution is to extend the collars 104 in some manner such as with supplementary collars or extension rings to raise the height of the manhole cover; but this is labor and time intensive as well as expensive. Thus, there exists the need for a way to accommodate the changing elevation of the environment surrounding a manhole cover that can be accomplished without expensive and time consuming construction.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONEmbodiments of the present invention relate to a cover for a manhole or similar structure that encapsulates or partially encapsulates an existing cover so as to extend the height of the cover. Generally, a conventional manhole cover is partially or entirely encapsulated in polyurethane to change its outside dimensions to match the environment of an intended location.
It is understood that other embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein it is shown and described only various embodiments of the invention by way of illustration. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modification in various other respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
Various aspects of an encapsulated manhole cover are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various embodiments of the invention and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the invention.
As used herein, the phrase manhole cover is meant to encompass a wide variety of covers that are used to cover subterranean openings. These include manholes to access sewers or other utilities occurring in any location. Such openings can particularly occur on a sidewalk or on a roadway where there is vehicle or pedestrian traffic. Additionally, not all such openings are man-sized yet the phrase “manhole cover” is still used. In some locations, the manhole covers are not always circular but can also be square or rectangular. Furthermore, conventional manhole covers sometimes are solid and sometimes have openings so that they are “perforated”. All such similar devices are meant to be encompassed by the phrase “manhole cover” as used herein. Also, the term “encapsulate” is used to encompass both total encapsulation as well as partial encapsulation of a manhole cover which acts as a substrate. As described below, some embodiments contemplate entirely encasing the manhole cover in a material and other embodiments contemplate less than entire encapsulation.
Embodiments of the present invention contemplate encapsulating a conventional manhole cover in a durable material such as polyurethane so as to add material to the top of the cover so that it's height (or thickness) is increased. Although polyurethane is mentioned as an exemplary material in which to encapsulate a manhole cover, one of ordinary skill will recognize that other materials, such as plastics or polymers, may be selected based on the expected environment (e.g., sunlight, temperatures, road chemicals, exposure to oil, gasoline, and diesel, subject to the weight of various vehicles and potentially struck by snowplows and other equipment.)
As shown in
The height of the encapsulated manhole cover 202 is determined based on the environment in which it is to be located. For example, in
Thus, one exemplary step of forming the manhole cover 202 of
In the example above, four different measurement points were used but one of ordinary skill will recognize that fewer or more measurement points can be used. Fewer measurements mean that the cover will not match the roadway as accurately while more measurements improve accuracy but add time and complexity to manufacturing. Thus, four measurement points provide a fair balance between complexity and accuracy.
The resulting encapsulated manhole cover 202 will therefore be properly seated only when it is oriented so that the proper height areas are located adjacent to the correct areas of the roadway 206. To aid an installer, the initial measurer may make note of a reference point (e.g., magnetic North) and the manufacturing step can impart a reference mark on the cover 202 that aligns with that reference point that was measured. In this manner, the cover can be properly aligned when installed.
A pick-hole 310 is typically present, but not always necessary, in a manhole cover to aid in its removal from the ground. During the forming process of the encapsulating upper region 302, an opening 308 can be formed to provide access to the existing pick-hole 310. This opening 308 may beneficially have a flexible flap that prevents debris from entering the opening 308 while still allowing access by a tool to the pick-hole 310. Manhole covers having through-holes are not usually constructed with pick holes but because embodiments of the present invention encapsulate the cover (thus making the through-holes inaccessible) a pick hole can be specially constructed in the cover even though it already has through-holes.
In
A support structure 406 supports the mold 402 and has a variety of adjustable legs 408, 410, 412. This support structure can be seen in
One of ordinary skill will recognize that a wide variety of items (602, 604, 606) can be attached to a manhole cover in this way. Passive or active RFID tags can be used. GPS location information as well as other telemetry data can be captured by computerized equipment. For example, the electronics 606 can measure temperature or other environmental conditions within the manhole and communicate them to other electronics 604 that broadcasts them or stores them for later retrieval.
Using ID information (e.g., serial number, ID tags, etc.) a municipality can maintain a database that indicates what is intended to be underneath each manhole. Thus, a utility worker arriving at a site that has numerous manhole covers can scan for the appropriate RFID identifier to locate a desired opening. The sensors 604 can measure road conditions, environment conditions, traffic volumes. Also, through the use of accelerometers or GPS devices, the location and movement of manhole covers can be tracked.
Additionally, during the manufacturing, the mold can be shaped so as to form one or more beads 608 around the circumference of the encapsulated manhole cover 202. These beads will act as a gasket inside the collar and thus augment the sealing capability of the encapsulated manhole cover as well as further reduce the likelihood that the cover will rotate.
The partially encapsulated manhole cover 710 of
An additional method to conserve polyurethane is to use a non-conventionally shaped manhole cover that is specially designed for embodiments of the present invention. The manhole cover 802 can be constructed of conventional materials and have conventional through-holes 804 but, as can be seen from this cross-sectional view of
The right side of
In the fully encapsulated cover of
The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various embodiments described herein. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with each claim's language, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various embodiments described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.”
Claims
1. An encapsulated manhole cover comprising:
- an upper region made of a first material;
- a substrate, having one or more through-holes, made of a second material; and
- a respective extension region located within at least some of the one or more through-holes and made of the first material and integrally formed with the upper region;
- wherein the upper region and the respective extension region encapsulate at least a portion of the substrate.
2. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 1, wherein the respective extension region extends about one-eight to one-fourth an inch into a particular one of the one or more through-holes.
3. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 1, further comprising:
- a bottom region made of the first material; and
- a respective bridging region made of the first material located within at least some of the one or more through-holes and integrally formed with the upper region and bottom region,
- wherein the upper region, respective bridging region, and bottom region encapsulate the substrate.
4. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 1, wherein the first material is different than the second material.
5. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a conventional manhole cover.
6. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 5, wherein the second material comprises iron.
7. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 5, wherein the second material comprises a composite polymer.
8. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises polyurethane.
9. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 1, wherein an exposed surface of the upper region is customizable in design.
10. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 1, wherein an exposed surface of the upper region is customizable in color.
11. The encapsulate manhole cover of claim 1, wherein a height of the upper region varies from a first height to a different second height along a first direction.
12. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 11, wherein the height of the upper region varies from a third height to a fourth height along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.
13. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 1, wherein one or more electronic devices are encapsulated in at least one of the upper region and the bottom region.
14. A method of making an encapsulated manhole cover comprising the steps of:
- creating a mold comprising: a top region adjacent a top of a substrate having one or more through-holes;
- curing polyurethane within the mold so as to encapsulate at least the top of the substrate such that a respective extension region of polyurethane extends at least partially into at least some of the one or more through-holes.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
- the mold further comprises: a bottom region adjacent a bottom of the substrate; and
- the step of curing includes curing polyurethane within the top and bottom regions of the mold so as to fill at least some of the through-holes and encapsulate the substrate with polyurethane.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the substrate is a conventional manhole cover.
17. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of:
- adjusting the top region so that a distance of an inner surface adjacent the top of the substrate varies at different points with respect to the top surface.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein first, second, third and fourth points at the periphery of the inner surface have different heights with respect to the top surface.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein a first line connecting the first and second points has a direction orthogonal to a second line connecting the third and fourth points.
20. An encapsulated manhole cover comprising:
- a substrate having a plurality of through-holes; and
- an encapsulating layer surrounding at least a top surface of the substrate and at least partially filling at least some of the through-holes.
21. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 20, wherein the encapsulating layer surrounds the substrate and fills each of the plurality of through holes.
22. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 20, wherein the substrate comprises a conventional manhole cover.
23. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 20, wherein the encapsulating layer comprises polyurethane.
24. The encapsulated manhole cover of claim 20, wherein a thickness of the encapsulated manhole cover varies from a first height to a different second height along a first direction and from a third height to a fourth height along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 25, 2008
Publication Date: Aug 27, 2009
Inventors: John Crissman (Lexington, KY), Danny Siders (Lexington, KY)
Application Number: 12/072,166
International Classification: E02D 29/14 (20060101);