MODULAR UNDERGROUND WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
The invention provides modular units, associated component parts, and assemblies of the modular units and component parts, including filtration systems, that are useful for making and using underground water management systems.
The invention relates to modular units, component parts, and assemblies of the modular units and component parts that are useful for making and using underground water management systems.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONNearly any new development of land must incorporate a system for managing water runoff from the developed land. Current regulatory schemes typically require developers to install underground water detention and/or retention systems that effectively maintain a flow of water into and off of the developed land that mimics the natural (i.e., pre-development) flow from the land.
Such systems typically are installed under large concrete or asphalt surfaces and often must be capable of bearing highly variable weight loads (e.g., a parking lot). Ideally, such systems should maximize water storage while occupying as small a “footprint” as possible in order to minimize land usage.
In addition, many regulatory schemes require not only controlling water run-off, but also water quality, such as levels of pollutants. Typically, developed land accumulates pollutants that can contaminate water run-off, particularly after storms. Ideally, underground water management systems should pre-treat (e.g., using filtration systems) water flow from the developed land prior to releasing it. Such pre-treatment systems should be incorporated into the underground water retention/detention system in order to minimize land usage, but also should be accessible for intermittent cleaning, repair, and/or other maintenance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn one embodiment, the present invention provides an arched module component for use in underground water management systems comprising a half-cube structure having a substantially square top face having a circular opening and pillars that extend downward from each corner, wherein the height of the pillars is about half the length of a side of the square top face and wherein the pillars define four arches of diameter equivalent to the circular opening. In some embodiments, the arched module comprises a solid shell, wherein said solid shell comprises a single surface that is impermeable to water. In some embodiments, the solid shell covers a hollow core. In some embodiments, the solid shell covers internal structural supports capable of providing increased load bearing strength to the arched module.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a modular unit for use in underground water management systems comprising a substantially cubic structure having six faces (i.e., corresponding to the six “sides” or faces of a cube) with a substantially circular opening in each face and a substantially spherical interior volume. In some embodiments, the modular unit comprises a solid shell that is impermeable to water. In some embodiments, the solid shell covers a hollow core. In some embodiments, the solid shell covers additional internal structural supports capable of providing increased load bearing strength to the modular unit. These internal structures may be integrated with the modular unit structure under the solid shell, or optionally provided separate pieces that fasten to (e.g., snap-in) the underside of the solid shell.
In one embodiment, the invention provides an underground water management system comprising an assembly of modular units, wherein each modular unit comprises a substantially cubic structure having a circular opening in each face and a substantially spherical interior volume, wherein at least one face of each of said modular units abuts at least one face of an adjacent modular unit such that the openings in the faces of the adjacent units substantially align, thereby forming a passage between adjacent units. In some embodiments, the assembly further comprises vertical and/or lateral couplers between the modular units. In some embodiments, the assembly is surrounded by an impermeable liner (e.g. PVC, HDPE) to function as a storage or detention system. In other embodiments, the assembly is surrounded by a woven or non-woven geotextile liner to function as a water infiltration or retention system.
In one embodiment, the invention provides an underground water management system comprising a plurality of separate zones have different water flow, retention, and/or detention characteristics, wherein said system comprises an assembly of modular units coupled vertically and/or laterally, wherein said units comprise a substantially cubic structure having a circular opening in each face, a substantially spherical interior volume, and a solid shell impermeable to water, and wherein the water flow through at least one opening of one of said plurality of modular units is restricted. In one embodiment, the system of the present invention comprises a filtration device is located at the interface of two different zones. In one embodiment, the system comprises an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, wherein the inlet pipe is coupled to one zone, and the outlet pipe is coupled to a different zone.
In various embodiments of the present invention, materials useful for construction of the arched module components, modular units, and assemblies constructed therefrom include but are not limited to: polypropylene, high density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, or any other materials that can be molded or cast including but not limited to rubber, aluminum, and concrete. In some embodiments, the arched module components, modular units, and assemblies constructed therefrom comprise hollow core construction.
In some embodiments, it is contemplated that the dimensions of the modular units can vary within a range dependent on one or more design factors including but not limited to: desired water volume capacity, desired weight of each modular unit, desired load-bearing tolerance for each unit, desired amount of water flow to be managed, size and structure of overall assembly in which unit is used, and/or the desired access space for inspection and maintenance purposes.
In some embodiments, the invention provides a modular unit wherein the relative size of the opening diameter dimension to the exterior dimension is selected from the group consisting of: at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, and at least about 95%.
In some embodiments, the invention provides a modular unit wherein the relative volume of the substantially spherical interior to the total volume defined by the exterior dimensions is selected from the group consisting of: at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, and at least about 65%.
In other embodiments, the invention provides a variety of component pieces useful for assembling the arched module components into modular units and the modular units into assemblies that can be used as underground water management systems. Among the various additional components are stacking couplers, lateral couplers, various solid and grated cover panels adapted for the top, bottom, and side face openings of the modular units, and various filtration devices, including filter baskets and media filters that can be removably installed in the openings of modular units.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a stacking coupler that can be used to join vertically adjacent modular units, wherein the stacking coupler comprises a square outer frame having an outer vertical lip connected to a circular inner ring having an inner vertical lip, wherein the outer lip fits snugly around the square outer edge and the inner lip fits snugly around the inner edge of the opening at the top or bottom face of the modular unit.
In one embodiment, the invention provides an underground water management system comprising an assembly of modular units, wherein at least one modular unit comprises an optionally removable filtration system consisting of a filter basket or a media filter cartridge. In other embodiments, the system comprises a plurality of filtration devices located within the assembly.
In various embodiments it is contemplated that the dimensions and/or structural configuration of underground water management systems constructed using assemblies of modular units can vary dependent on one or more design factors including but not limited to: desired overall size of the assembly, desired load-bearing tolerance for assembly, desired amount of water flow to be managed, number and location of inlet and outlet pipes, number and location of pre-treatment zones and filtration systems, and/or the desired access space for inspection and maintenance purposes.
Embodiments of the present invention may be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
Also, use of the “a” or “an” are employed to describe elements and components of the invention. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the invention. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described herein. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
In the following description, numerous specific details are provided, such as the identification of various system components, to provide an understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the art will recognize, however, that embodiments of the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In still other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of various embodiments of the invention.
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
I. OverviewThe present invention provides a modular underground system for water management applications. A wide range of underground water management applications may be addressed using the systems described herein. These include but are not limited to all water retention/detention applications typically addressed with underground caverns, chambers, cisterns, etc. typically made using simple piping, pre-cast concrete, and/or plastic “milk crate” type assemblies. Particular applications include underground storm water retention and/or detention, rainwater harvesting, and other water run-off related issues.
The water management systems of the present invention have a structure comprising an assembly of modular units. The modular unit is a substantially cubic structure with an arched opening in each of six faces, such that passages for water flow extend through the center of the structure to each opposing face. As described herein, each modular unit has at least one top face opening, a bottom face opening, and four side face openings, that define at least three distinct passages (i.e., virtual pipes) through the center of the structure. The width of the passages expands up to a widest point at the center of the structure such that each modular unit comprises a substantially spherical hollow interior volume that is capable of water storage. The modular unit can be assembled from a pair of arched module components described in greater detail herein.
In some embodiments, the modular unit comprises a substantially cubic structure with a substantially spherical hollow interior volume and comprises an exterior solid shell (i.e., exterior layer or “skin”) that is impermeable to water. In some embodiments, the modular unit comprises a solid shell covering a hollow core structure (i.e., a substantially empty volume under the shell). In some embodiments, the core of the modular unit under the shell can include additional internal structural supports (e.g., supporting panels, framework pieces, or beams), which provide increased load bearing strength to the modular unit. In one embodiment, the ribs are added on the interior surface, over the top of the arch, spanning from corner to corner. In another embodiment, ribs are added on the interior surface around the weep holes to prevent cracking around the weep holes. These internal structures may be integral to the modular unit structure, or optionally separate pieces that fasten to (e.g., snap-in) the underside of the solid shell.
In other embodiments, vertical ribs are located in the corner areas on the external and internal side of the modular unit. These vertical ribs enhance the structural strength and also assist with stacking or nesting of the un-assembled arched module component. In another embodiment, ribs are added on the outer surface of the device, running along the under or inner side of the modular unit.
The invention also provides a stacked coupler that can be integral to the top or bottom face of the modular unit, or optionally a separate piece attachable to the top or bottom face. The stacked coupler provides additional load-bearing structural integrity to a modular unit and facilitates stacking the unit above or below other modular units, thereby allowing formation of assemblies for water management.
The invention also provides a lateral coupler that fits snugly into the side face openings of two adjacent modular units creating a passage between them for water flow and providing structural support to assemblies of modular units.
Additionally, the invention provides optional solid, perforated, or grated cover panels (i.e., “plugs”) for the openings on the modular unit, thereby allowing each modular unit to be separately modified for a particular water retention/detention function.
The substantially cubic structure of the modular units greatly facilitates fabrication of underground systems (e.g., via stacking). Both simple (e.g., a 3×3×3 cube assembly) and highly complex systems (e.g., with outlet flow control, water filtration systems, etc.) can be built using the same modular units. The hollow structure of the modular units further facilitates assembly by minimizing weight (e.g., particularly with the molded polypropylene hollow core structure) while maximizing water flow and storage volume. Additionally, the arched openings of the modular unit and optional stacking and lateral couplers provide sufficient loading bearing strength and structural integrity for a wide range of underground water management applications.
The substantially cubic structure of the modular unit with openings in each face, a substantially spherical interior volume, passages between adjacent units, and the capability of isolation for flow control, provides enhanced access for inspection and maintenance of underground assemblies, e.g., for clean-out of debris following a storm. Further, the modular unit of the present invention can be customized in its water flow characteristics with the use of the standard set of coverings that fit over the openings.
II. The Modular UnitA. Arched Module Component
As shown by the “table-like” structure depicted in
The
In the embodiment depicted in
The ordinary artisan also will recognize that the absolute dimension of the opening can be selected to accept industry standard pipe connections/fittings (e.g., rubber boots).
The four corner pillars 102 comprise connecting means at their base for joining to four pillars of a second arched module (in the inverted position depicted in
As shown in the embodiment of
In some embodiments, the connecting means are integrated into the structure of the corner pillar. In other embodiments, the connecting means may comprise separate connector pieces (e.g., fasteners, pins, rods, clips, etc.) that are introduced, for example, during assembly of the modular unit.
Optionally, one or more corner pillars of the arched module can include a central hole. When joined to a pillar with a central hole in a complementary arched module to form a modular unit, the alignment of the two holes provides a passage. In one embodiment, this passage can be left unobstructed allowing water and/or air to flow through (i.e., function as a “weep-hole”). In another embodiment, a fastening means can be inserted in this passage at the junction of two pillars to facilitate coupling of the pair of arched modules. In those embodiments where stacks of modular units are assembled (see description herein), a single rod can be inserted through the corner pillar passages defined of the stacked modular units, thereby providing further lateral stability to the stack.
As shown in
As depicted in
B. Assembly of Modular Unit from Arched Module Components
In the modular unit embodiment depicted in
Although the two-piece construction based on the arched module components is depicted in
C. Materials Used for Modular Unit Construction
The ordinary artisan can recognize that other materials commonly used in applications involving underground retention/detention of water can be employed with in the present invention. Generally any material that can be molded or cast can be used to fabricate an arched module component, including but not limited to polypropylene, high density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), rubber, aluminum, and concrete.
For example, in an alternative embodiment, pre-cast concrete can be used to construct an arch module useful for making modular units of the present invention. In such an embodiment, the arched module is typically of solid-body construction due to the greater ease of pre-casting such a structure. While greatly adding to the weight of each modular unit, assemblies of pre-cast concrete units may be desired where the use of underground systems made of polymer are precluded by regulation and/or environmental conditions.
D. Modular Unit Structure
The modular unit has a substantially cubic structure with an arched opening in each of the six faces. Because of its substantially cubic structure, the relative lengths of the three exterior dimensions (i.e., length, width, and height) of the structure are substantially equal (i.e., the same within about 10%). This substantially cubic embodiment with substantially equal exterior dimensions, as depicted in
It is contemplated that in some embodiments variations in relative length of the exterior dimensions of the modular unit may be implemented due to various design options available to the ordinary artisan. Generally, the dimensions of the modular units can vary within a range dependent on one or more design factors including but not limited to: desired water volume capacity, desired weight of each modular unit, desired load-bearing tolerance for each unit, desired amount of water flow to be managed, size and structure of overall assembly in which unit is used, and/or the desired access space for inspection and maintenance purposes.
In one embodiment, a design option is contemplated wherein some increase or decrease (e.g., less than about 10%, about 5%, or less) of the relative height and/or width of the three exterior dimensions may be implemented when more suitable for a particular system, without departing from the substantially cubic structure. For example, a shortened height about 10% less than the other dimensions may be used in the design of the modular unit.
The
In the embodiment depicted in
The ordinary artisan also will recognize that the absolute dimensions of the openings can be selected to accept industry standard pipe connections/fittings (e.g., rubber boots). Such fittings can offer flexible and watertight connections between modular units and piping for controlling water flow into and out of an assembly of modular units.
The embodiments of the arched module components and modular units depicted in
E. Solid Shell Construction
In one embodiment, the modular unit comprises a solid shell surface that is impermeable to water. With this solid shell surface the water flow through the unit is limited to the openings in each face of the substantially cubic structure (and any optional weep-holes 106 that are left unplugged). For example, in the embodiment shown in
Because the solid shell surface limits water flow to those passages created by the openings in each face of the substantially cubic structure, it is possible to customize the water flow characteristics of an individual modular unit or a group of units that are part of a larger assembly. For example, a row of four modular units in a larger assembly can be isolated (e.g., by plugging the top, bottom, and two side face openings, thereby providing a passage (i.e., a “virtual pipe”) for directed water flow horizontally down the row (e.g., as shown in
Similarly, the solid shell construction facilitates isolating a group of modular units inside a water management system made up of a larger assembly of units. For example, to create a separate zone to pre-treat water before it enters a retention/detention zone of the assembly a group of modular units can be isolated and fitted with filtration systems that filter the water passing through them (see e.g.,
The ability of the solid shell construction to allow customization of the water flow characteristics of one or a group of modular units also allows for isolated flow control zones in a larger assembly. For example, the outlet water flow rate from an isolated group of modular units can be controlled by fitting the openings of the units with grated or perforated cover panels (as shown in
Alternatively, an isolated outlet flow control zone can be created by sleeving a perforated outlet pipe through the openings of a row of laterally coupled modular units (as shown in
F. Water Permeable Surfaces
It is also contemplated that in some embodiments the modular unit can be constructed of materials having a surface with multiple small holes or pores. For example, the hollow core structure embodiment of
It is also contemplated that in applications where the ability to isolate and internally channel water is not necessary and/or coarse debris obstructions are not of concern, a modular unit structure may be used with more than one opening in each face. Thus, in one embodiment it is contemplated that modular units in an assembly are constructed of materials having a web-like or lattice structure. For example, a substantially cubic structure having one opening in each face, but of a web-like structure (rather than a solid shell), wherein the relative area of the opening to the length of the outside edge of the cube is at least about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, or about 95%, or more, depending largely on the structural strength required.
In an alternative embodiment, it is contemplated that modular units having solid shell construction impermeable to water are combined in a single assembly with modular units (or other water retention/detention structures) having web-like or lattice type structure that allow water flow in all directions.
H. Modular Unit Inner Volume and Water Retention/Detention Capacity
Two arched modules when combined form a modular unit having a relatively small yet strong substantially cubic structure with a hollow interior volume that allows significant water storage. In one embodiment, the interior volume of the modular unit is substantially spherical. The radius defining the spherical volume extends from the center of the modular unit to the center of the plane defined by a face of the cube (i.e., at the center of an opening in a face).
The interior volume of the modular unit can be defined in relation to the total volume defined by the outer dimensions of the substantially cubic modular unit. Thus, in various embodiments of the present invention, the substantially spherical interior volume can be at least about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, or even a larger percentage of the total volume defined by the outer dimensions of the substantially cubic modular unit. The ability to utilize higher relative percentage interior volumes will depend on other design option selections, for example the use of a material capable of maintaining sufficient structural integrity despite a lower relative volume.
In addition to the substantially spherical volume, the hollow core embodiment of the modular unit provides volume for the storage of water throughout the hollow body spaces in the structure. The total available volume will depend on the hollow core structure design selected. To the extent sufficient structure integrity can be provided by certain materials and structure design choices, even higher hollow-space volumes may be provided in the modular unit. Thus, in some embodiments, the available volume for water storage in the hollow core embodiment is at least about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, or even a larger percentage of the total volume defined by the outer dimensions of the substantially cubic modular unit.
The design of the modular unit embodiment depicted in
In one embodiment, the modular unit is a substantially cubic hollow core structure (as depicted in
In the hollow core structure embodiment, water also may fill the voids throughout the hollow core of the substantially cubic structure. Consequently, the total volume available for water storage is just slightly less than the total volume defined by the outside dimensions of about 24 inches×24 inches×24 inches (equivalent to 8 ft or about 59.8 gallons). It is believed that these dimensions for a hollow core, molded polypropylene modular unit provide an optimal compromise of structural integrity, light weight for ease of assembly, large interior volume for water storage, and large openings for ease of maintenance access.
I. Coupling of Stacked Modular Units
In some embodiments, separate couplers are provided that facilitate joining of multiple modular units in larger assemblies.
Typically, the two-sides of the stacking coupler 301 are identical. Thus, a single coupler can fit to and secure the bottom edges (outer square and inner opening) of one modular unit and the top edges of a second modular unit, thereby joining the two modular units in a stack. The stacking couplers provide lateral (inward and outward) wall support to stacked assemblies of modular units. Additional units may be added above and below using couplers to join them. Generally, stacks of any number of modular units may be easily assembled using the stacking coupler, with the only limitation being the structural stability due to the weight of the stack itself.
In the embodiments depicted in
In addition to added lateral support, the grooved embodiment of the stacking coupler also provides a stronger vertical connection that permits larger stacks of modular units to be lifted as a single unit without detaching. This single stack lifting ability greatly facilitates assembly and installation of underground water management systems based on assemblies of modular units.
In one embodiment, the inner circular opening edge and the outer square edges of the top (or bottom) of the modular unit fit snugly against the coupled circular and square vertical edges of the stacking coupling, and no further fastening is required.
It is contemplated that in some embodiments of assemblies of modular units, further connecting means or fastening means may be provided for securing stacks of modular units in addition to stacking couplers. For example, wire, plastic ties, fasteners (e.g., screws, rivets, nails, snap-clips, etc.) or adhesive means (e.g., tape, glue, etc.), may be used to further secure stacks of modules for easy lifting as a single unit. In one embodiment, one or more self-tapping screws through the outer square edge (or pair of edges defining a groove) of the stacking coupler and the overlapping edge of the modular unit is used to join them. In such an embodiment, the vertical outer square edge (or pair of edges defining a groove) of the stacking coupler is at least about 0.5 to about 1.5 inches in height.
As depicted in
In the embodiment of the stacking coupler 310 depicted in
In another embodiment, a stacking coupler with a solid layer 310 as in
In another embodiment, a solid layer stacking coupler may include “weep-holes” in the solid layer between the square outer edge and the inner ring. These weep-holes would allow air and some water flow through the hollow core of the modular unit structure while maintaining a closed vertical passage.
J. Cover Panels, Grates, and Risers for Openings
The ordinary artisan will recognize that the top, bottom, and/or side face openings of each modular unit (alone or as part of a larger assembly) can be fitted with (or easily adapted for fitting with) any cover panel, plug, plate, grate, fitting, or valve system, well-known in the art of water management systems.
Generally, cover panels for a top or bottom face opening of a modular unit (or assembly) are of square shape, as illustrated by embodiments in
In one embodiment, the top/bottom cover panels comprise a removable center piece thereby providing an access port, as depicted in
In one embodiment, a solid top/bottom cover panel is fabricated with one or more guide lines on the outer surface (see e.g.,
When used on the top (or bottom) opening of a modular unit in a stack (or larger assembly), the cover panel can simply be a solid plate of sufficient strength to bear the loads expected at the particular site. Top cover panels can be designed also to act as a weight to stabilize the stack of modular units below. Thus, top cover panels may include steel panels or grates.
Typically, impermeable solid panels would be selected for top cover panels where it is desired to allow water in-flow via underground pipe connections into side face openings on the exterior of an assembly. Grated top cover panels would be selected where percolation of water through the whole top surface of a modular unit assembly is desired.
In some embodiments, a riser module that fits the outer square edge of the top modular unit can be used as an adapter to adjust the height of the cover panel. As shown in
Generally, bottom cover panels can include any of the designs used for top cover panels and vice-versa. In some embodiments, the bottom cover panel will be a grated panel that allows surface infiltration and/or percolation of water through the floor of the modular unit assembly.
Generally, cover panels for the side face openings have a circular edge that fits snugly in the inside diameter of the opening.
In some embodiments, grated cover panels that allow water flow, but with some restriction depending on size of grate, may be used to cover some or all of the side face openings of a modular unit.
In the embodiment of the grated side cover panel depicted in
In some embodiments, a grated cover panel may be used for outer side face openings of an assembly of modular units in order to allow for percolation of water into the surrounding soil. Typically, a filter fabric may also be installed between the grated side face opening and the soil.
In some embodiments, solid cover panels impermeable to water flow (i.e., plugs) may be used to cover some or all of the side face openings of a modular unit. For example, solid cover panel/plug may be used on the outer side face openings of an assembly of modular units in order to create a closed system—e.g., for water detention or in filtration applications. In one embodiment, the solid cover panel is a flat circular piece with one side bearing a circular vertical flange of outside diameter that fits snugly into the inside diameter of the side face opening.
In some embodiments, solid cover panels for side face openings may include one or more guide lines on the outer surface in order to guide field cuts when necessary to create an opening (see e.g., side face opening of bottom unit of stack depicted
G. Lateral Coupling of Modular Units
In one embodiment, adjacent modular units and stacks of units can be joined using a lateral coupler which comprises a short section of pipe of an outside diameter that fits snugly in the aligned side face openings of two adjacent modular units, thereby acting as a connector providing a smooth channel between the two units. Typically, the lateral coupler is just long enough to bridge the gap between the two adjacent modular units while providing adequate friction contact with the inside diameter of the two openings to secure the units. Additionally, the lateral coupler can act as an adapter for connecting a pipe to an opening of a modular unit.
In one embodiment of a lateral coupler 320 (shown in
The outer flange of the lateral coupler structure can be shaped to fill any space between the adjacent modular units in an assembly, thereby providing better transfer of load between the units in an assembly. For example, the outer flange optionally is shaped to fit (i.e., conform) to any slope present in the sides of the adjacent modular units.
In one embodiment illustrating the lateral coupler, the inside diameter of the modular unit opening is 18 inches and the outside diameter of the lateral coupler is 18 inches with a linear dimension (i.e., the short cylinder length) of about 6 inches. A lateral coupler (e.g., 320) will slide 3 inches into the 18 inch diameter openings of two adjacent modular units, thereby providing a smooth passage between them that joins and provides lateral shear support. Alternatively, this coupling could be used to connect the modular unit opening to an 18 inch inside diameter pipe—e.g., for inlet or outlet flow from the cube.
In some embodiments, the opening of the lateral coupler inside the ring may be partially obstructed. For example, the circular aperture may be spanned by a partial wall or weir that extends only about halfway up the coupling. This partial wall can be a grate or web-like structure that catches and/or redirect coarse debris. In another embodiment, the partial wall can be impermeable to water (e.g., a plate or plug) and thereby redirect water in low flow situations while allowing flow when the water rises above the height of the wall.
III. Assemblies of Modular UnitsA. Three-Cube Stack
B. 3×3×3 Cube Assembly
A top porthole above the center of the 3×3 “ceiling” allows access to the center of the assembly which can be used for entry and/or maintenance (e.g., using a pressure washing system). In typical embodiments, the top porthole would be covered with removable solid cover panel and optional riser module.
In one embodiment, two modular units can be omitted from the assembly directly beneath the top porthole thereby providing a central “room” inside the assembly that allows better access to the interior volumes of the modular units making up the cube. In such an embodiment, the top porthole will be supported over the access “room” by the adjacent modular unit “walls” or other suspension means available to the ordinary artisan.
A side porthole also is depicted in the embodiment of
Typically, when installed underground, the 3×3×3 cube assembly will be surrounded by a liner. In some embodiments, the liner will be impermeable to water (e.g., PVC plastic), and inflow and outflow from the assembly will be only through inlet and outlet pipes.
In other embodiments, the surrounding liner will be semi-permeable, allowing water to seep out of the assembly but keeping out coarse dirt. In some embodiments, the bottom face openings of the modular units in the “floor” of the 3×3×3 cube will include grated cover panels that allow water to percolate into the underlying ground.
III. Filtration SystemsAs described above, the modular unit of the present invention facilitates the incorporation of a range of filtration devices into underground water management systems made using assemblies of the units. The ordinary artisan will recognize that the top, bottom, or side face openings of the substantially cubic modular units which align to provide passages for the flow of water through underground assemblies can also be adapted to accept standard filtration devices known in the art. The use of solid shell construction permits the isolation of individual and/or groups of modular units thereby permitting water flow to be directed through filtration systems installed in one or more units. Furthermore, the modular unit is well-adapted to facilitate access to and maintenance of incorporated filtration devices due to its relatively large substantially spherical interior volume and the availability of openings in each face of the structure. The ability to maintain and/or replace filtration devices in an underground water management system with relative ease provides a great advantage in the use of such systems.
Additionally, when installed in a modular unit (e.g., as part of the water inlet module), the incorporated filtration system provides filtration capacity within the modular underground water management system. Consequently, there is no need for a separate pre-filtration system located outside the system. Thus, the ability to incorporate filtration systems can reduce space demands, reduce construction costs, and simplify maintenance procedures.
A. Filter Baskets
A “filter basket” (also referred to herein as a “basket filter”) is a filter that captures coarse debris and gross pollutants, e.g., coarse sediment, trash, oils. In one embodiment, the filter basket is a drop-in style filter that is removable, such as the FloGard+PLUS® multipurpose catch basin insert designed to capture sediment, debris, trash & oils/grease from low (first flush) flows (Kristar Enterprises, Inc.; Santa Rosa, Calif.).
Typically, a filter basket for coarse debris is installed in an assembly of modular units under the water flow inlet to the system.
In the embodiment of
As depicted in
In one embodiment, the modular units used to hold the filter baskets (or other filters) are fabricated out of a brightly colored material that allows them to be easily identified during assembly of the water management system.
Although not depicted in
In alternative embodiments, a filter basket may be fit in lower modules of an assembly, for example, just before an outlet pipe.
In other embodiments of the water management system, multiple filter baskets may be installed in an assembly of modular units. For example, one may install a series of two or more filter baskets with increasingly fine levels of filtration. Thus, coarse debris and trash would be captured by the first filter basket (e.g., a chain or metal screen type filter) and finer sediment and/or oil would be captured by the second filter basket (e.g., a geotextile liner material filter and/or optional media pouches). Clip-in filter pouches containing hydrocarbon capturing media, e.g., Fossil Rock™ media pouches (Kristar Enterprises, Inc.; Santa Rosa, Calif.) can also be included in the filter basket.
B. Media Filters
A “media filter” contains filtering media designed to capture very fine sediments (typically less than about 100 μm), nutrients, metals, oils and grease, organics and bacteria. The media used in the media filter can be customized to target specific pollutants and/or meet site specific pollutant removal criteria. The ordinary artisan will recognize that a wide range of media are available and can be used in the media filter applications of the present invention.
In order to allow the upward flow through the media filter, the side face openings in the lower two modular units are plugged with solid cover panels. There is also a high-flow bypass on the pipe directly into the side face opening of the top modular unit, and all three interior side face openings of the top unit are fully open to the rest of the assembly.
In normal flow situations, water flow is directed upward through the vertical media filter into the top modular unit and out one or more of the side face openings of the top unit, and into the rest of the water retention/detention system. In high flow situations a port into a side face opening of the top unit allows the water flow to bypass the media filter and flow directly through the top modular unit.
In some embodiments, an impermeable liner may also be wrapped around the three unit inlet stack to provide additional protection against unfiltered water leakage into the rest of the assembly resulting in contamination.
In one embodiment, a modular unit may be designed with the pre-filter inlet screen for a vertical media filter cartridge integrally attached to the top face opening of the unit. This integral pre-filter screen would also act as the housing for a removable vertical media filter cartridge, which would fit and lock into the integral pre-filter screen. In one embodiment, the vertical media-filter adapted modular unit would be fabricated in a different brightly colored material in order to facilitate its identification and proper placement in an assembly of modular units.
Additionally, the middle unit without the filter has perforated cover panels on its side face openings facing the filter modules thereby limiting the flow and acting as a pre-filter for coarse debris and floatables. As shown in
Unlike the vertical media filter systems which require upward flow of water, water flows from the inlet pipe into the middle modular unit, through the perforated panels and then must pass through the radial media filters before entering the rest of the retention/detention system. In high flow situations, the bypass inlet at the top of the radial media cartridges allows flow into the system without filtration.
Although not shown in
C. Sand Filter
Water flowing through the grated access cover (e.g., from a downspout) flows into the sand filter. After passing through the sand filter the water enters the bottom modular unit. The bottom unit typically has a single outflow pipe through a side face opening. The side and bottom face openings of the bottom unit can be closed or optionally opened. In the embodiment shown in
A. Excavation and Installation
Typical underground water management applications begin by creating an excavation to a desired dimension, e.g., based on the water storage requirements for the project and/or the available “footprint” on the site. The modular nature of the present invention provides a variety of design options for systems. Generally, it is contemplated that the dimensions and/or structural configuration underground water management systems constructed using assemblies of modular units can vary dependent on one or more design factors including but not limited to: desired overall size of the assembly, desired load-bearing tolerance for assembly, desired amount of water flow to be managed, number and location of inlet and outlet pipes, number and location of pre-treatment zones and filtration systems, and/or the desired access space for inspection and maintenance purposes.
For example, a single layer of connected modular units may be installed where a wider surface area is available but depth of excavation is limited. Alternatively, stacks of 3 or 4 modular units may be joined (e.g., as a 3×3×3 cube) to provide a greater volume where a larger surface footprint is not possible but a deeper excavation is. Further, due to their higher interior volume, the assemblies of connected modular unit stacks can be designed with surface ports (e.g., manholes) that provide access for maintenance and/or cleaning (e.g., changing filters).
In some embodiments, the modular units are assembled into customized shapes combining single layers, with stacks, and other multi-modular unit assemblies as necessary to fit the available excavation site.
Similarly, the relatively lightweight modular nature of the systems provides different options for installation methods. A system comprising an assembly of modular units may be constructed above-ground then inserted as a whole unit into the excavation. Alternatively, the system may be completely or partially assembled in the excavation.
Depending on the water management application (e.g., stormwater retention or detention), either a filter cloth or plastic (e.g., PVC) liner is placed beneath and around the assembly of modular units, thereby forming a semi-permeable or completely water impermeable envelope around the entire system. Typically, prior to sealing an assembly in a liner, side plugs (solid or grated), may be placed in the modular unit openings where desired around the assembly.
As described above, appropriate inlet and/or outlet pipe may be fit to the top, bottom, or side face openings on the exterior of the modular units. Because openings are available everywhere on the assembly of the modular units, piping into and out is not limited to any specific side of the assembly. In one embodiment, cuts are made in the liner to allow the pipes access.
After installation of the modular unit assembly and appropriate piping in an excavation backfill material can be placed around and over the system. To enhance the load carrying capacity of the installed system, geo-grid or other suitable solid stabilization material may be installed on the top or bottom sides of the system.
B. Water Retention/Detention System with Multiple Inlet Ports
Underground water management systems based on assemblies of modular units of the present invention provide the ability to accept water flow for filtration, retention/and or detention into a single assembly from a plurality of different sources (and directions). Generally, the filtration systems (e.g., filter basket or media filter) may be located in any modular unit around the exterior sides (i.e., the “walls”) of the assembly. This ability to locate the filtration system(s) in close proximity to each of several inlet pipes eliminates the need to construct multiple (or one central) pre-treatment device outside the boundaries of the assembly. This greatly reduces the cost and difficulties of piping and construction.
Thus, water from four different inlet pipes can be pre-filtered for coarse debris (e.g., using a filter basket) or for specific pollutants (e.g., using a media filter) before being detained in the interior volumes of the 8×8 assembly.
In some embodiments, the 8×8 assembly is surrounded by an impermeable liner and the pre-filtered water is detained and then released only through the outlet pipe. In other embodiments, the liner may be semi-permeable so that the water can percolate into the surrounding soil.
C. System with Separate Inlet Bay Zone for Media Filtration
The ability to create separate zones and control the water flow characteristics within an assembly of modular units provides a distinct advantage over underground water management systems wherein water flow inside the system is unrestricted. Such systems typically comprise a lattice or web-like structure (e.g., “stacked milk-crate-like” assemblies) through which water flows freely in all directions and generally can only function as retention/detention reservoirs or chambers. It may be possible to install plastic liners to act as boundaries within such systems, but generally, internal installation of such a plastic liner is cumbersome, can interfere with the structural connections (thereby weakening the structure) and overall very limited in the types of customized internal zones it can be used to make.
Alternatively, an impermeable plastic liner can be used to isolate groups of modular units in an assembly thereby allowing the creation of different water treatment zones within a single assembly. For example, vertical media filtration systems (as shown above in e.g.,
In some embodiments, a plastic liner can be inserted at the interfaces between adjacent modular units to create isolated zones. The insertion of material at an interface, however, can interfere with the use of vertical or lateral couplers, possibly resulting in decreased overall load bearing strength of the assembly.
The outlet zone includes an outlet pipe, typically adapted to a lower unit side face opening. Typically, the outlet zone typically would be surrounded by an impermeable material to prevent dirt and sediment from entering the filter treated water. However, in some embodiments, only a semi-permeable geotextile may be surrounding the outlet zone and the filter treated water is allowed to percolate back into the surrounding soil.
D. Outlet Flow Control
In a further modification of the embodiment depicted in
The above disclosure is sufficient to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention, and provides the best mode of practicing the invention presently contemplated by the inventor. While there is provided herein a full and complete disclosure of specific embodiments of this invention, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction, dimensional relationships, and operation shown and described. Various modifications, alternative constructions, design options, changes and equivalents will readily occur to those skilled in the art and may be employed, as suitable, without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. Such changes might involve alternative materials, components, structural arrangements, sizes, shapes, forms, functions, operational features or the like.
Claims
1. An arched module component for use in underground water management systems comprising a half-cube structure comprising a shell, a substantially square top face having a substantially circular opening, and pillars that extend downward from each corner, forming a pillar base, wherein the height of the pillars is about half the length of a side of the square top face and wherein the pillars define four arches of diameter equivalent to the circular opening.
2. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the shell is solid.
3. The arched module component of claim 2, wherein the shell has numerous small holes.
4. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the shell has a lattice structure.
5. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the component is of hollow core construction.
6. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the relative size of the circular opening diameter dimension to the length of a side of the square top face is at least about 75%.
7. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the length of a side of the square top face is at least about 12 inches to about at least 48 inches.
8. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the length of a side of the square top face is about 24 inches and the circular opening diameter is about 18 inches.
9. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the component is constructed of a polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, LDPE, and HDPE.
10. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the component is constructed of concrete.
11. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the component further comprises connecting means at the base of the four corner pillars.
12. The arched module component of claim 11, wherein the connecting means are integrated into the structure of the corner pillar.
13. The arched module component of claim 11, wherein the connecting means are separate connector pieces.
14. The arched module component of claim 11, wherein the connecting means comprises a shape integral to the base of the pillar that is capable of forming an interlocking connection with a complementary shape.
15. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the base of two pillars comprises a female socket shape and the base of the two other pillars comprises a male plug shape capable of forming an interlocking connection with the female socket shape.
16. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the base of four pillars comprises female connecting means capable of forming an interlocking connection with male connection means of a complementary shape.
17. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the component further comprises weep-holes located adjacent to the corner pillars and extending vertically through the top surface.
18. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the component further comprises internal structural supports.
19. The arched module component of claim 1, wherein the component further comprises external ribs on the external solid shell near the corners.
20. A modular unit for use in underground water management systems comprising a substantially cubic structure, wherein said structure comprises a shell, six faces each having a substantially circular opening, and a substantially spherical interior volume.
21. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the shell is solid
22. The arched module component of claim 21, wherein the shell has numerous small holes.
23. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the shell has a lattice structure.
24. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the unit has only one opening per face of the substantially cubic structure.
25. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the diameter of the openings in each side are substantially equal.
26. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the relative size of the opening diameter dimension to the exterior dimension is selected from the group consisting of: at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, and at least about 95%.
27. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the exterior dimensions of the unit are at least about 12 inches to about at least 48 inches.
28. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the relative length of the three exterior dimensions of the substantially cubic structure can be varied by less than 5%, about 5% and less than about 10%.
29. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the unit is of hollow core construction.
30. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the unit is constructed of a polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, LDPE, and HDPE.
31. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the unit is constructed of concrete.
32. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the structure comprises an assembly of two arched module components joined through each of the modules four corner pillars.
33. The modular unit of claim 32, wherein the two arched module components are identical.
34. The modular unit of claim 32, wherein the two arched module components are not identical.
35. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the unit further comprises weep-holes extending vertically through the structure.
36. The modular unit of claim 35, wherein the weep-hole is unobstructed.
37. The modular unit of claim 35, wherein the weep-hole is plugged.
38. The modular unit of claim 35, wherein a fastening means is inserted through the weep-hole.
39. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the unit further comprises internal structural supports.
40. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the module further comprises external ribs on the external solid shell near the corners.
41. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the unit further comprises a stacking coupler, wherein the stacking coupler comprises a square outer frame having an outer vertical lip and a circular inner ring having an inner vertical lip, wherein said square outer frame and said circular inner ring are connected by beams, and wherein the outer vertical lip fits snugly around the square outer edge of the opening at the top or bottom face of the modular unit and the inner lip fits snugly around the inner edge of the opening at the top or bottom face of the modular unit.
42. The modular unit of claim 41, wherein the space between the beams is open.
43. The modular unit of claim 41, wherein the space between the beams comprises a solid single layer of material.
44. The modular unit of claim 41, wherein the stacking coupler further comprises a horizontal flange extending on the inside of the inner circular ring.
45. The modular unit of claim 41, wherein the stacking coupler comprises a removable piece over the center circular opening.
46. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the unit further comprises a cover panel over the top or bottom face opening of a modular unit, wherein the cover panel comprises an outer square groove and inner circular groove that smugly fits the outer and inner edges of the modular unit, respectively.
47. The modular unit of claim 46, wherein the cover panel further comprises a circular center that is grated.
48. The modular unit of claim 46, wherein the cover panel further comprises a circular center that is water impermeable.
49. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the unit further comprises a cover panel for side face opening, wherein the cover panel comprise circular edge that fits snugly in the inside diameter of the opening.
50. The modular unit of claim 49, wherein the cover panel is grated.
51. The modular unit of claim 50, wherein the cover panel comprises a series of spoke like structure with circular support ribs connecting the spokes.
52. The modular unit of claim 49, wherein the cover panel is solid.
53. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the relative volume available for water storage to the total volume defined by the exterior dimensions is selected from the group consisting of: at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, and at least about 95%.
54. The modular unit of claim 20, wherein the substantially spherical volume of the unit is at least about 50 cubic inches and at least about 40% of the total volume defined by the exterior dimensions.
55. An underground water management system comprising an assembly of modular units, wherein each modular unit comprises a substantially cubic structure having a shell, six faces, each having a substantially circular opening, and a substantially spherical interior volume, and wherein at least one side of each of said modular unit abuts at least one side of an adjacent modular unit such that the openings in the sides of the adjacent units substantially align, thereby forming a passage between adjacent units.
56. The system of claim 55, wherein each modular unit comprises an assembly oftwo arched module components joined through each of modules four corner pillars.
57. The system of claim 56, wherein the two arched modules are identical.
58. The system of claim 56, wherein the two arched modules are not identical.
59. The system of claim 55, wherein the shell is solid.
60. The system of claim 59, wherein the shell has numerous small holes.
61. The system of claim 55, wherein the shell has a lattice structure.
62. The system of claim 55, wherein the top modular unit further comprises an option riser module.
63. The system of claim 55, wherein the two or more modular units can be omitted from the assembly directly adjacent to the porthole to provide a central room.
64. The system of claim 55, wherein the openings are sized to accept a pipe connecting fitting.
65. The system of claim 55, wherein the system comprises a stacking coupler that joins vertically adjacent modular units, wherein the stacking coupler comprises a square outer frame having an outer vertical lip connected to a circular inner ring having an inner vertical lip, wherein the outer lip fits snugly around the square outer edge and the inner lip fits snugly around the inner edge of the opening at the top or bottom face of the modular unit.
66. The system of claim 65, wherein the stacking coupler comprises a pair of outer vertical lips defining a groove and a pair of inner vertical lips defining a groove, wherein the square outer edge and the circular inner edge of the opening at the top or bottom face of the modular unit fit snugly in the grooves of the coupling.
67. The modular unit of claim 65, wherein the stacking coupler comprises a removable piece over the center circular opening.
68. The system of claim 65, wherein the stacking coupler further comprises a horizontal flange extending on the inside of the inner circular ring.
69. The system of claim 55, wherein the system comprises a lateral coupler joining laterally adjacent modular units, wherein the lateral coupler comprises a short section of pipe of an outside diameter that fits snugly in the aligned side face openings of two adjacent modular units.
70. The system of claim 69, wherein the lateral coupler can be used to connect the modular unit opening to a pipe.
71. The system of claim 69, wherein the lateral coupler comprises an outer flange equidistant between its two ends that is of greater diameter than the opening.
72. The system of claim 69 wherein the lateral coupler has an outside diameter of 18 inches with a linear dimension of about 6 inches.
73. The system of claim 69, wherein the opening of the lateral coupler maybe partially obstructed.
74. The system of claim 55, wherein the system comprises at least one removable filtration device.
75. The system of claim 55, further comprises a cover panel for side face opening, wherein the cover panel comprise circular edge that fits snugly in the inside diameter of the opening.
76. The system of claim 75, wherein the cover panel is water impermeable.
77. The system of claim 75, wherein the cover panel is grated.
78. The modular unit of claim 77, wherein the cover panel comprises a series of spoke like structure with circular support ribs connecting the spokes.
79. The system of claim 55, further comprises a cover panel over the top or bottom face opening of a modular unit, and wherein the cover panel comprises an outer square groove and inner circular groove that smugly fits the outer and inner edges of the modular unit, respectively.
80. The system of claim 79, wherein the cover panel further comprises a circular center that is grated.
81. The system of claim 79, wherein the cover panel further comprises a circular center that is water impermeable.
82. The system of claim 55, wherein the system further comprises a plurality of inlet pipes connected to a side face opening of a modular unit of the assembly.
83. The system of claim 55, wherein the exterior facing openings of the modular units in the assembly are opened.
84. The system of claim 55, wherein the exterior facing openings of the modular units in the assembly are covered with solid cover panels.
85. The system of claim 84, wherein the system is surrounded by an impermeable liner.
86. The system of claim 85, wherein the system further comprises an outlet flow control pipe at least partially contained in the assembly.
87. The system of claim 85, wherein an end of the outflow control pipe inside the assembly is capped.
88. The system of claim 85, wherein the outflow control pipe has perforations along its length.
89. The system of claim 85, wherein the outflow control pipe is coupled to an internal high flow bypass.
90. The system of claim 55, wherein the system is surrounded by a liner consisting of impermeable or semi-permeable liner.
91. The system of claim 55, wherein the system is surrounded by backfill material.
92. The system of claim 91, wherein the back fill material is geo-grid material.
93. The system of 55, wherein one or more modular units are assembled to create a high flow bypass outlet.
94. The system of 55, wherein one or more modular units are assembled to create an inlet bay for water pre-treatment.
95. The system of 94, wherein the inlet bay further comprises one or more removable filtration devices.
96. An underground water management system wherein said system comprises an assembly of coupled modular units, wherein said units comprise a substantially cubic structure having a substantially circular opening in each side, a substantially spherical interior volume, and a shell, and wherein said system comprises a plurality of separate zones having different water flow, retention, and/or detention characteristics.
97. The system of claim 96, wherein the water flow through at least one opening of one of said plurality of modular units is restricted.
98. The system of claim 96, wherein a modular unit of one of the plurality of zones comprises a filtration device.
99. The system of claim 96, wherein the filtration device is located at the interface of two different zones.
100. The system of claim 96, wherein the system comprises an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, wherein the inlet pipe is coupled to one zone, and the outlet pipe is coupled to a different zone.
101. The system of claim 96, wherein the system is surrounded by a liner consisting of impermeable or semi-permeable liner.
102. The system of claim 96, wherein the system is surrounded by backfill material.
103. The system of claim 102, wherein the back fill material is geo-grid material.
104. A method of managing underground water flow, comprising the steps of:
- a. flowing water into an assembly of modular units, each unit comprising a plurality of circular openings; and
- b. releasing said water into the surrounding ground through one or more said circular openings.
105. The method of claim 104, wherein the water is filtered through a filter device contained in one or more modular units.
106. A method of managing underground water flow, comprising the steps of:
- a. flowing water into an assembly of modular units, each unit comprising a plurality of circular openings;
- b. retaining said water in the assembly of modular units; and
- c. releasing water from the assembly of modular units through one or more outlets.
107. The method of claim 106, wherein the water is filtered through a filter device contained in one or more modular units.
108. An underground water management system, comprising:
- a. an assembly of modular units, wherein each modular unit comprises a substantially cubic structure having a shell, six faces, each having a substantially circular opening, and a substantially spherical interior volume, and wherein at least one side of each of said modular unit abuts at least one side of an adjacent modular unit such that the openings in the sides of the adjacent units substantially align, thereby forming a passage between adjacent units;
- b. means for joining adjacent modular units;
- c. means for joining a pipe to a modular unit;
- d. means for covering the side opening of a modular unit;
- e. means for lining the assembly of the modular units;
- f. means for enhancing load carrying capacity of the assembly of the modular units;
- g. means for covering the top opening of a modular unit; and
- h. means for covering the bottom opening of a modular unit.
109. The underground water management system of claim 108, further comprising means for water filtration contained in one or more modular units.
110. The underground water management system of claim 108, further comprising one or more inlet pipes.
111. The underground water management system of claim 108, further comprising one or more outlet pipes.
Type: Application
Filed: May 12, 2009
Publication Date: Nov 12, 2009
Applicant: Cudo Stormwater Products, Inc (Occidental, CA)
Inventors: Douglas Paul Allard (Occidental, CA), Rick Durapau (Austin, TX), Joseph Dvorchek (Sun Valley, CA)
Application Number: 12/464,791
International Classification: E02B 13/00 (20060101); E01F 5/00 (20060101);