MULTIPLE WELL TREATMENT FLUID DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD
A system for distributing fluid to a plurality of wellbores drilled from a common pad includes at least two fluid conduits extending between the wellbores. The fluid conduits are configured to couple at one end to a fluid pump. At least one remotely operable valve is hydraulically connected to each fluid conduit proximate each wellbore. At least one flow line hydraulically connects each remotely operable valve to each wellbore such that fluid moved through the flow line enters the wellbore. A control unit is disposed proximate the pad and is configured to operate the remotely operable valves.
Priority is claimed from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/231,252 filed on Aug. 4, 2009.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTNot applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to the field of fluid treatment of wellbores drilled through subsurface rock formations. More particularly, the invention relates to systems for controlling distribution of treatment fluid to multiple wells drilled from a common surface pad or platform.
2. Background Art
Wellbores drilled through subsurface rock formations to extract oil and gas may be treated by pumping various types of fluids into the formations. Fluid pumping treatments include, for example, hydraulic fracturing, wherein fluid is pumped into the formation at pressure that exceed the fracture pressure of the formations. The fractures thus opened may be held open by pumping of material (proppant) that supports the fracture structurally after the fluid pressure on the formation is relieved. Other fluid treatments may include, for example, pumping acid into the wellbore to dissolve certain minerals present in the pore spaces of the formations that reduce the formation permeability.
Certain types of rock formations that hold oil and/or gas reservoirs may have a plurality of wellbores drilled through the rock formations along selected trajectories deviated from vertical, or even substantially horizontally. Such wellbores may be drilled, for example, so that the surface locations of the wellbores are closely spaced on a relatively small land area called a “pad”, or on a structure in the water called a “platform” in marine environments, while the lowermost portions of the wellbore extend laterally from the respective surface locations in a selected drainage pattern. Such arrangement reduces or minimizes the amount of land surface affected by the construction of the wellbores.
In conducting fluid pumping treatments on multiple wells drilled from a common surface pad or platform, it is generally necessary to connect the pumping equipment hydraulically to one well, pump the fluid, then disconnect the pumping equipment from the well before another well can be fluid treated. Such operations can create, among other exposures, safety risks to personnel working on or near the pad or platform, and interference with the operation of wellbores that are producing oil and/or gas while the fluid treatment equipment is connected and disconnected from various wellbores on the pad or platform. Such connection and disconnection operations may also take considerable amounts of time to perform.
Limitations of the current state of the art design may include the following. Current piping configurations for fracture treatment can have many limitations in wells requiring multiple completed intervals and on pads with multiple wellheads. The common land fracturing configuration involves laying pipe from each “frac pumper” to a central collection manifold and then in single or multiple lines to the well being treated. The result is that a costly separate rig-up and rig down is required for every fracture treatment.
In many applications, a single stimulation is not sufficient, and multiple stimulations of different intervals are required. On pads with multiple wells, if a problem is encountered on a well while there are still intervals to stimulated, a significant cost can be incurred. Also, the problem must be solved before the stimulation can continue, resulting in the stimulation equipment waiting until the problem is resolved. In the case of a problem with a barrier between the intervals to stimulate, this can cause a very expensive delay of multiple days, or a complete demobilization of the pumping equipment.
What is needed is a system that enables selective connection of fluid treatment equipment to multiple wells having surface locations on a pad, platform or similar surface arrangement without the need for human intervention near the well surface control equipment (“wellhead”), and that can provide increased fluid pumping capacity, can save time, enable more treatments to be accomplished in shorter time and reduces potential for spills. It is desirable that such system has sensing devices to determine whether any system components have eroded as a result of fluid flow, so that the system operator can determine when it is necessary to replace affected system components or reroute flow through alternate conduits when and if needed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA system according to one aspect of the invention for distributing fluid to a plurality of wellbores drilled from a common pad includes at least two fluid conduits extending between the wellbores. The fluid conduits are configured to couple at one end to a fluid pumping system of one or more pumps. At least one remotely operable valve is hydraulically connected to each fluid conduit proximate each wellbore. A flow line hydraulically connects each remotely operable valve to each wellbore such that fluid moved through the flow line enters the wellbore. A control unit is disposed proximate the pad and is configured to operate the remotely operable valves.
A method according to another aspect of the invention for operating a plurality of wellbores drilled from a common pad, wherein the wellbores include at least two fluid conduits extending between the wellbores, the fluid conduits configured to couple at one end to a fluid pump; at least one remotely operable valve hydraulically connected to each fluid conduit proximate each wellbore, a flow line hydraulically connecting each remotely operable valve to each wellbore such that fluid moved through the flow line enters the wellbore, and a control unit disposed proximate the pad and configured to operate the remotely operable valves includes the following. A wellbore intervention device is moved to a selected one of the wellbores. A signal is communicated from the control unit to close the remotely operable valves associated with the selected wellbore. At least one wellbore instrument is inserted into the selected one of the wellbores using the intervention device. A signal from the control unit is communicated to open at least one of the remotely operable valves at least one other wellbore. Fluid is pumped into ones of the at least two conduits associated with the opened remotely operable valves such that fluid enters the at least one other wellbore.
Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims.
An example well treatment fluid distribution and control system is shown schematically in
In some examples, the wellbores (shown in
A first fluid manifold line 24 may extend along the pad 10 from a main control valve 22 disposed at one end of the first manifold line 24 substantially to the longitudinal position of a furthest wellhead 12 on the pad 10. Similarly, a second fluid manifold line 26 may extend from a main control valve 22 at one end to the longitudinal position of the furthest wellhead 12. During fluid treatment operations, a pumping unit 28 may be disposed at one end of the pad 10 as shown. Typically, the pumping unit 28 will be removed from the pad 10 at times when fluid treatment operations are not underway. During such times, the main control valves 22 will be closed, and the ends of the first 24 and second 26 manifold lines may be hydraulically closed by closing the main control valves 22. Although not shown in
Proximate the position of each wellhead, a “T” or “Y” fluid coupling 20 may be disposed in each manifold line 24, 26 to provide at least one fluid outlet to each wellhead 12 from each manifold line 24, 26. Thus, each of the two manifold lines 24, 26 will have an individual hydraulic connection to each wellhead 12. Connection from the fluid coupling 20 in the first manifold line 24 to the wellhead 12 may be obtained using a first remotely operable control valve 18, and for safety and backup purposes a first manually operated control valve 16 coupled to the wellhead through a first treatment fluid flow line 14. The first remotely operable control valves 18 may be, for example, hydraulically controlled, electrically controlled (using cable or using wireless control) or operated by any other device that enables control of the valve from a location remote from the location of the valve. In other examples, the manual control valves 16 may also be remotely operable. It is only necessary for purposes of the invention to have one remotely operable valve between the manifold line 24 and the wellhead 12. The first flow line 14 may be, for example, flexible hose, flexible metal line, formed rigid metal line or other type of line used in hydraulic fracturing operations known as a “chicksan.” It is preferable for the first flow line 14 to have smooth bends to avoid as far as practical abrupt changes in flow direction.
In the present example, the second manifold line 26 may be hydraulically connected to each wellhead 12 through a fluid coupling 20 and corresponding second remotely operable valve 19, second manual valve 17 and second flow line 15. Each of the foregoing components may be similar in configuration to the respective first remotely operable valves 18, manual valves 16 and flow lines 14. The second remotely operable valves 19 and the first remotely operable valves 18 may be operated remotely from a control unit 30 having suitable devices (not shown separately), for example, a suitably programmed computer with associated device drivers to actuate the device (not shown separately) that enables the remotely operable valves 18, 19 to be opened and closed remotely. As will be further explained below, the control unit 30 may also be configured to interrogate sensors in signal communication with the control unit 30 so that the system operator may determine various system operating and condition parameters.
In other examples of a system, more than two manifold lines and associated wellhead connecting equipment as described above may be used. For example, if the required fluid flow rates may exceed the flow capacity of two manifold lines, one or more additional manifold lines may be used substantially as explained above, preferably with a main control valve at one longitudinal end, a T or Y coupling proximate each wellhead location, a remotely operable valve and a flow line.
The system 11 shown in
In the present example, the flow lines 14, 15 and the manifold lines 24, 26 may each include an erosion sensor 44 downstream of the bend in the flow lines 14, 15 or the coupling 20, respectively, or other places in the flow path as required. In other examples, wherein the manifold lines 24, 26 are assembled from joints as explained above, an erosion sensor 44 may be disposed proximate each connection downstream in the flow direction. The erosion sensors 44 may be, for example, target plates, acoustic sensors or electromagnetic induction sensors configured to make measurements and assist in predicting wear or metal loss corresponding to the wall thickness or stability of the respective flow line 14, 15 or manifold line 26, 28. The erosion sensors 44 may be wirelessly in signal communication with, or may be cable (e.g., electrical and/or optical cable) connected to the control unit (30 in
In the present example, pressure and/or temperature sensors 45 may be disposed in the flow lines 14, 15 and/or at selected positions along each of the manifold lines 24, 26. The pressure and/or temperature sensors 45 may be in signal communication with the control unit (30 in
In the present example, flow rate sensors 47 may be disposed in the flow lines 14, 15, or at selected positions along each manifold line 24, 26. The flow rate sensors may also be in signal communication with the control unit (30 in
Returning to
Possible benefits of a system made as described herein include the following. Personnel need not be present in the wellhead area during operations because the system may be assembled prior to commencing any pumping operations. Such feature can significantly reduce risk by using the remotely valves (18, 19 in
Offsite building of many of the unitized components of a fit-for-purpose manifold can be used for all the wells on a pad, with minimum time required on-site for final assembly. Once assembled, the fluid distribution system can provide fluid access to each well on the pad without significant changes in location or the flow equipment, and thus minimizes many fracturing rig-up construction activities. Activities involving equipment transport, use of cranes and forklifts are reduced, and vehicular traffic, human presence and construction noise are minimized.
Using a pre-built system uses less of the pad area and uses only one site and mobilization/demobilization route on and off the pad for the fluid pumping unit. This allows a smaller footprint for the fluid pumping unit.
A permanently installed system as described above can eliminate spills of treating fluid that can occur during disassembly of ordinary treatment fluid equipment that is disconnected from the wellhead at the end of pumping operations when wells are treated one at a time.
A permanently installed system using the manifold-to-wellhead connection in the present example makes use of formed flow conduits to allow close spacing of wellheads without the congestion of multiple layers of temporary piping present in ordinary treatment fluid equipment that is disconnected from the wellhead at the end of pumping operations. A consistent, well known manifold arrangement will also eliminate mistakes in fluid routing since the location of valves, lines, and sensors does not change from job to job.
Multiple flow distribution piping along the manifold allows routing of fluids through the least restricted or lowest pressure paths and enables switching and isolating paths if a malfunction occurs in distribution control devices, or higher rates are needed for particular applications. By having multiple paths available to the operator, pressure losses and wear in equipment can be reduced. This can be a benefit to both operating safety and environmental risk exposure.
Permanently instrumenting the manifold lines (24, 26 in
The manifold can be hooked up to elevated wellheads, wellheads disposed in protective “houses”, low profile wellheads disposed in a “cellar”, or standard height wellheads. The connection may be made using flexible hoses, formed connectors, chicksans or conventional piping without the need to move the manifold lines (24, 26 in
The state of the art of plumbing wells for fracturing prior to the present invention has certain limitations. When multiple wells are available, there are certain significant advantages in customizing a well layout and piping system to reduce the cost of hydraulic fracturing on multiple wells. The present invention incorporates many novel features to possibly avoid problems in using prior art designs and promote trouble free hydraulic fracturing operations. The present invention can reduce or eliminates the non productive time in the completion operation by making other wells on the pad immediately available for stimulation in case of one well encountering a problem.
On wells with multiple stimulations with proppant there can be serious erosion problems in the piping along the fluid movement route from the stimulation pumpers to the wellhead. Some of the contributing factors to erosion such as velocity and change in velocity are directly impacted by the design of the piping geometry. The fracture treatment distribution system of the present invention can minimizes fluid velocity and therefore reduces erosion by increasing the pipe diameter throughout the manifold design. It also minimizes changes to the fluid velocity in two ways: First, the entire manifold is designed with a minimum of pipe diameter changes (i.e., the change in direction of the fluid flow is minimized by the design of the manifold). Second, where the velocity changes cannot be avoided, the area downstream of the velocity change is designed for higher erosion resistance.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention as disclosed herein. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims
1. A system for distributing fluid to a plurality of wellbores drilled from a common pad, comprising:
- at least two fluid conduits extending between the wellbores, the fluid conduits configured to couple at one end to at least one fluid pump;
- at least one remotely operable valve hydraulically connected to each fluid conduit proximate each wellbore;
- at least one flow line hydraulically connecting each remotely operable valve to each wellbore such that fluid moved through the flow line enters the wellbore; and
- a control unit disposed proximate the pad and configured to operate the remotely operable valves.
2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a valve at one end of each fluid conduit.
3. The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one erosion sensor disposed at a selected position along each fluid conduit, the at least one erosion sensor in signal communication with the control unit.
4. The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one erosion sensor disposed at a selected position along each flow line, the at least one erosion sensor in signal communication with the control unit.
5. The system of claim 1 further comprising a flow rate sensor disposed in each flow line, the flow rate sensors in signal communication with the control unit.
6. The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one additional valve in each flow line disposed between the at least one remotely operable valve and the wellbore.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one additional valve is remotely operable.
8. A method for operating a plurality of wellbores drilled from a common pad, wherein the wellbores include at least two fluid conduits extending between the wellbores, the fluid conduits configured to couple at one end to a fluid pump; at least one remotely operable valve hydraulically connected to each fluid conduit proximate each wellbore, a flow line hydraulically connecting each remotely operable valve to each wellbore such that fluid moved through the flow line enters the wellbore, and a control unit disposed proximate the pad and configured to operate the remotely operable valves, the method comprising:
- moving a wellbore intervention device to a selected one of the wellbores;
- communicating a signal from the control unit to close the remotely operable valves associated with the selected wellbore;
- inserting at least one wellbore instrument into the selected one of the wellbores using the intervention device;
- communicating a signal from the control unit to open at least one of the remotely operable valves at least one other wellbore; and
- pumping fluid into ones of the at least two conduits associated with the opened remotely operable valves such that fluid enters the at least one other wellbore.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the fluid is hydraulic fracturing fluid.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 6, 2009
Publication Date: Feb 10, 2011
Inventors: Karl Demong (Calgary), Cleve Graham (Rocky Mountain House), Roy Kirby (Provost)
Application Number: 12/631,834
International Classification: E21B 43/00 (20060101);