ERROR CORRECTION FOR SYNCHRONIZED MEDIA RESOURCES
A media archive comprising a plurality of media resources associated with events that occurred during a time interval are processed to synchronize the media resources. Sequences of patterns are identified in each media resource of the media archive. Elements of the sequences associated with different media resources are correlated such that a set of correlated elements is associated with the same event that occurred in the given time interval. The synchronization information of the processed media resources is represented in a flexible and extensible data format. The synchronization information is used for correction of errors occurring in the media resources of a media archive, for enhanced synchronous playback of the archive resources, and for unified access to, and modification of, the archive resources.
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This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/259,029, filed Nov. 6, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/264,595, filed Nov. 25, 2009 each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND1. Field of Art
The disclosure generally relates to the field of processing media archive resources, and more specifically, to correction of errors in media archive resources.
2. Description of the Field of Art
The production of audio and video has resulted in many different formats and standards in which to store and/or transmit the audio and video media. The media industry has further developed to encompass other unique types of media production such as teleconferencing, web conferencing, video conferencing, podcasts, other proprietary forms of innovative collaborative conferencing, various forms of collaborative learning systems, and the like. When recorded, for later playback or for archival purposes, all of these forms of media are digitized and archived on some form of storage medium.
The numerous different proprietary archive formats has created interoperability problems throughout the industry. The impact of these interoperability issues range from the software solutions and services industry to the content delivery and streaming media solutions industry. The problem in the industry is further exacerbated because of a proliferation of numerous new and emerging web conferencing, teleconferencing, and video conferencing solutions. During these types of collaborative conferencing sessions, every event (e.g., audio, video, graphics, screen sharing sessions, online chat, slide presentation, etc.) that occurs during a web conference is captured and (optionally) archived for later playback.
Each collaborative conferencing solution has its own proprietary format for archiving all of the various types of events that transpire during the conference session. Each of the numerous conferencing solutions has a way to playback their own archives, but many of these proprietary playback solutions contain deficiencies and are incomplete. There is lacking, inter alia, detection and interpretation of the contents of these various distinct proprietary formats.
A problem faced with media archives is handling of errors that occur in media resources of a media archive. Media resources of a media archive often represent different aspects of an event or a set of events that occur during a time interval. Information may be missing or corrupted in certain media resources of the media archive. For example, a slide presentation may have slides with missing titles. Alternatively a media resource may have incorrect terms, for example, due to typos. Since media archives are stored for use in future, correction of these errors is beneficial for future audience.
The disclosed embodiments have other advantages and features which will be more readily apparent from the detailed description, the appended claims, and the accompanying figures (or drawings). A brief introduction of the figures is below.
The Figures and the following description relate to preferred embodiments by way of illustration only. It should be noted that from the following discussion, alternative embodiments of the structures and methods disclosed herein will be readily recognized as viable alternatives that may be employed without departing from the principles of what is claimed.
A disclosed system and framework processes the contents of media archives. Detailed descriptions are provided for the new and inventive ways to detect and make use of the media archive contents in addition to the new and useful ways in which the representation of the media resources is constructed and presented for ease of programmatic interfacing. The processing of media archive resources is unified. For example, a system accepts input from multiple media archive sources and then detects and interprets the contents from the media archive. The resulting processed media resources are represented in a flexible and extensible data format. The process of detecting and interpreting the media resources preserves all of the synchronous aspects as captured in the original media archive. All of the processed media resources that have been converted to the new flexible and extensible data format are then aggregated into an encompassing unifying system which provides for ease of access to the converted media resources via common application programming interfaces. The systems and methods disclosed are best understood by referring to the drawings and flowcharts that are included in the figures to accompany the following textual description.
Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying figures. It is noted that wherever practicable similar or like reference numbers may be used in the figures and may indicate similar or like functionality. The figures depict embodiments of the disclosed system (or method) for purposes of illustration only.
One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles described herein.
Configuration OverviewEmbodiments of a disclosed system (and method) detect errors in a media resource by comparing information found in the media resource with expected information. For example, a slide number for each slide may be expected to increment by one for each slide. If two consecutive slides are found in which the slide numbers have a gap, slides may be missing between the consecutive slides. Similarly, a title may be expected at the top of each slide. If a slide it found with a missing title, the slide is considered a candidate for correction.
Information available in the media archive is used to determine corrections to errors found in a media resource. Information available in media resources other than the media resource in which error occurs can be used to correct the error. Correlating portions of the various media resources allows focusing on specific portions of other media resources for identifying corrections to errors. For example, a slide presentation on web may be correlated with a transcript of an online session. Portions of the transcript are correlated with individual slides of the presentation. To identify errors that occur in a particular slide, a portion of the transcript correlated with the particular slide is analyzed to identify corrections of the error.
System ArchitectureIn one embodiment, a system and framework for processing media archive resources comprises the following components: the universal media converter (UMC), the universal media format (UMF), and the universal media aggregator (UMA).
The UMC accepts media archives as input, detects and interprets the contents of the archive, and processes the contents of the media archive. The UMC performs a “self healing” function when anomalies in the original media archive are detected. The UMC also produces a representation of the media archive resources in the UMF. The synchronization between all media archive resources is preserved and/or enhanced during the UMC processing and subsequent creation of the UMF.
A media archive can comprise a collection of digitized components from a recorded media event that includes media/multimedia presentation, teleconference, recorded video conference, recorded video via camcorders (e.g., FLIP video), podcast, other forms of broadcast media (e.g., television (TV), closed circuit television (CCTV)), etc. The collection of digitized components may be in compressed or uncompressed form and may be in a standardized format or a proprietary format. The media archive may be digitally stored in a single file, or may be represented in a data stream transmitted over a network, or the individual components may be loosely coupled (e.g., interact with each other over network) and reside in different storage locations and then aggregated into a single cohesive media archive at processing time. Examples of digitized components may be a combination of any or all, but not limited to audio, video, MICROSOFT POWERPOINT presentation, screen sharing, chat window sharing, webcam, question and answer (Q&A) window, textual transcript, transcripted words with timings for the transcripted spoken words, background music (e.g., alternate audio tracks), etc. The media archive resources (or media resources) are digitized components that are part of the media archive. The media resources may be associated with data captured via a webcam, audio recording devices, video recording devices, etc. Examples of media resources include, screen sharing resources, POWERPOINT slides, transcripts, questions and answers, user notes, list of attendees, etc. The media resource may reside in a media file, a data stream or other means of storing/archiving computer information or data. The information stored may be associated with one or more events, for example, conferences, meetings, conversations, screen sharing sessions, online chat sessions, interactions on online forums and the like.
The UMF is a representation of content from a media archive as well as any extended or related resources. The format is flexible as new resources can be added to the contents of the UMF and existing resources can be modified. The UMF is extendable and supports proprietary extensions. The UMF facilitates the ease of access to the components from a media archive.
The UMA is the encompassing system that supports and controls processing of the requests for media archive extractions, media archive conversions, UMF generation, playback of recorded conferences/presentations/meetings, and the like.
The UMF beneficially interfaces with a proliferation of proprietary media archive formats and serves as a simplified integrating layer to the complexities of the various media archive formats. The UMC beneficially determines media archive formats, autonomously corrects errors in media archive resources, and controls the scheduling of the processing steps required to extract resources from the media archive and synchronously represent these interrelated resources when creating the UMF. Once the UMF data and structures are created, they are aggregated in the UMA. The UMA provides a common means of interacting with a selected UMF. Enhanced synchronized search capability and synchronous playback of all detected and newly added media resources is possible since UMC preserves and/or enhances the synchronization of the media resources. The function of each of these above mentioned system components is described in further detail in the following sections.
Turning now to
As shown in
Representative examples of the telepresence media sources 101 include CISCO TELEPRESENCE, HP HALO, and telepresence product offerings from TANDBERG. Likewise, there are other well known industry solutions for video conferencing 102 and web conferencing 103. The UMC 105 is adaptable to support new forms of other media sources 104 that are available in the industry or can emerge in the future.
The UMC 105 detects and interprets the contents of the various media sources 101, 102, 103, and 104. The resulting output from the UMC 105 interrogation, detection, and interpretation of the media sources 101, 102, 103, and 104 is a unifying media resource, namely the UMF 106.
The UMF 106 is a representation of the contents from a media source 101-104 and is also both flexible and extensible. The UMF is flexible in that selected contents from the original media source may be included or excluded in the resulting UMF 106 and selected content from the original media resource may be transformed to a different compatible format in the UMF. The UMF 106 is extensible in that additional content may be added to the original UMF and company proprietary extensions may be added in this manner. The flexibility of the UMF 106 permits the storing of other forms of data in addition to media resource related content.
The functions of both the UMC 105 and the UMF 106 are encapsulated in the unifying system and framework UMA 107. The UMA 107 architecture supports processing requests for UMC 105 media archive extractions, media archive conversions, UMF 106 generation, playback of UMF 106 recorded conferences/presentations/meetings, and so on. The UMA 107 provides other related services and functions to support the processing and playback of media archives. Examples of UMA 107 services range from search related services to reporting services, as well as other services required in software architected solutions such as the UMA 107 that are known to people skilled in the art. Additional details of the UMC 105, the UMF 106, and the UMA 107 follow in the following further detailed descriptions.
In one embodiment, each of the components UMC 105, UMF 106, and UMA 107 can run as a separate programming module on a separate distributed computing device. In an embodiment the separate computing device can interact with each other using computer networks. Alternatively the components UMC 105, UMF 106, and UMA 107 can be executed as separate processes executed on one or more computing devices. In another embodiment, the various components UMC 105, UMF 106, and UMA 107 can be executed using a cloud computing environment. In one embodiment, one or more components UMC 105, UMF 106, and UMA 107 can be executed on a cloud computer whereas the remaining components are executed on a local computing device. In one embodiment, the components UMC 105, UMF 106, and UMA 107 can be invoked via the internet as a web service in a service oriented architecture (SOA) or as a software as a service (SaaS) model.
Note also that the UMF 106 is depicted in the UMA 107 services framework as UMF universal media format 219. The portal presentation services 201 of the UMA 107 services framework contains all of the software and related methods and services to playback a recorded media archive, as shown in the media archive playback viewer 202. The media archive playback viewer 202 supports both the playback of UMF 106, 219 as well as the playback of other recorded media formats. The UMA 107 also comprises a middle tier server side 203 software services. The viewer API 204 provides the presentation services 201 access to server side services 203. Viewer components 205 are used in the rendering of graphical user interfaces used by the software in the presentation services layer 201. Servlets 206 and related session management services 207 are also utilized by the presentation layer 201.
The UMA framework 107 also provides access to external users via a web services 212 interface. A list of exemplary, but not totally inclusive, web services are depicted in the diagram as portal data access 208, blogs, comments, and question and answer (Q&A) 209, image manipulation 210, and custom presentation services, e.g., MICROSOFT POWERPOINT (PPT) services 211. The UMA 107 contains a messaging services 213 layer that provides the infrastructure for inter-process communications and event notification messaging. Transcription services 214 provides the processing and services to provide the “written” transcripts for all of the spoken words that occur during a recorded presentation, conference, or collaborative meeting, etc. thus enabling search services 216 to provide the extremely unique capability to search down to the very utterance of a spoken word and/or phrase. Production service 215 contains all of the software and methods to “produce” all aspects of a video presentation and/or video conference. Speech services 217 is the software and methods used to detect speech, speech patterns, speech characteristics, etc. that occur during a video conference, web conference, or collaborative meeting, etc. The UMC extraction/conversion service 218, UMF universal media format 219, and the UMF content API 220 will be each subsequently covered in separate detail.
The diagram in
The function of the data inquisitor 310 is to interrogate the contents of the media archive and determine if the UMC 105 is configured to support the types of media resources that are contained in the media archive 300. If the data inquisitor 310 detects supported media resources (e.g., moving picture expert group's (MPEG) MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3), MPEG-4 (MP4), WINDOWS media video (WMV), audio video interleave (AVI), etc.) then corresponding objects to handle the extraction are created for use by the UMC extractor 312, updates the delegator 306 with information for the known media resource type, and then passes the request 300 to the UMC extractor 312 for processing. Errors are logged and the processing of the request is terminated when the data inquisitor determines that the UMC extractor 312 is unable to process the contents of the media archive 300.
The UMC extractor 312 is configured as described herein. The UMC extractor 312 creates an index for each of the media resources that are contained in the media archive. The index contains information identifying the type of resource and the start and end locations of the given resource within the contents of the media archive 300. The UMC extractor 312 uses a new and inventive process to determine content in the media archive that is in an unknown (proprietary) format and to created identifiable media resources from this data for subsequent storage in the UMF 106, 324. This secondary processing phase of the UMC extractor 312 utilizes the data correction module 314 to “fix up” the data that is discovered in the supplemental extra data in a media archive.
Additional details for the supplemental media archive data are documented in
The completed data associated with the media archive request is then transformed into the UMF 106 via the methods contained in the data collator and UMF creation process 324. Once the UMF 106 is created then these resources are made available to the portal assets/resources 328 for use in applications running in the presentation services layer 201. The created UMF 106 can also be transformed to other archive formats 330 or other requested file formats 332 via the UMF translator 326. Further details on the UMF 106 creation and the UMF 106 storage description are described with respect to
Turning now to
This process of reading data blocks 402 and interrogation of the data block via an introspection process continues until all of the data in the media archive 400 is sequentially processed and the end of the archive check 404 evaluates to true. If the end of the archive data is reached, the supplemental, non-standard, data is extracted 408 from the media archive 400. The process of finding meaningful media resource data from the supplemental data in a media archive requires multiple passes through the data, where each pass through the data adds new information based on the information collected in previous passes. It is not required to pass through the entire contents of the media archive 400 in steps 410 through step 414. Searching through the supplemental data is optimized since all of the index locations in the media archive 400 identified in step 406 can be bypassed.
In the first pass 410 through the supplemental data, the UMC optimized extractor code 312 searches for repeating patterns in the data. An example of a repeating pattern identified in the first pass, is a pattern like x02F0 that would be repeating throughout this supplemental data block. In another embodiment, the types of patterns searched in the first pass include clear text ASCII keywords that repeat throughout the supplemental data block, e.g., “Page”, “Slide”, “Event”, etc. In an embodiment, a sequential scan of all of the supplemental data is performed in the first pass to identify patterns. From the results of this pattern identification, a matrix is developed, where the matrix includes: the pattern identifier, number of occurrences, and the locations (e.g., binary offset from beginning of file) of the occurrences in the supplemental data. Once these initial patterns are detected, then the second pass 412 through the supplemental data is searching for “regular” incrementing or decrementing patterns within a close proximity to the repeating patterns that were detected in the first pass 410 through the supplemental data. The identification of regular patterns is performed similar to the sequential scan mechanism described above for identifying patterns. In an embodiment, the close proximity is a configurable parameter, e.g., 128 bytes, but in practice this value could be larger or smaller.
These regular occurring patterns are associated with “human driven” events, e.g., they may correspond to MICROSOFT POWERPOINT slide numbers or the progression of slide flips that occurred within the recorded conference, meeting, or presentation. In an embodiment, a video associated with a presentation can be analyzed to identify a slide flip by identifying a change in a portion of the image associated with the slide projection. The slide flip identified in the video is a human driven event that can be utilized as a regular pattern. In another embodiment, an audio or a transcription of the audio associated with a presentation can be analyzed for regular events for example, the speaker speaking “next slide please.”
The third pass 414 through the supplemental media archive data now searches for “non-regular” incrementing patterns in the locations in close proximity to the previously detected data patterns. Non-regular patterns do not occur on set intervals (the interval may be time code based, or based on the amount of data stored between pattern occurrences). The time code is a timing value that is detected in the media archive in close proximity to the media resource, and the associated detected regular pattern (if found). The time code timing value, has the characteristic of always incrementing in larger increments (e.g., in milliseconds), for example, greater than one or two, and may be bounded by the total length of time of the detected audio file from the archive. Set interval indicates the human events type of interval, e.g., a slide flip or a slide number where the detected intervals are small integers. The integer values for these “set intervals” may be stored in, and detected in, a byte, integer, long, etc. The non-regular patterns that are identified are the patterns that have the property of proceeding in an incrementing manner. The recognition of non-regular patterns is performed using steps similar to those described for repeating or regular patterns with the exception of searching for the properties associated with the non-regular data patterns.
Regular incrementing patterns are values that fall within a range, e.g., where the range is the number of pages in a POWERPOINT presentation. Further sanity checks on the possible meaning for a detected regular pattern can be applied, e.g., there are not likely to be thousands of slides within a one hour POWERPOINT presentation. The non-regular numbers may be time values in milliseconds granularity and therefore very large numbers outside of the range of the number of slides from the example POWERPOINT presentation. Therefore, using these types of inferences, human generated events (e.g., POWERPOINT slide flips) are distinguished from computer generated events such as recording time stamps in milliseconds. These non-regular numbers may appear to be random in nature, but will notably be progressing ever larger. This type of detected non-regular, repeating, seemingly random, continually incrementing, patterns are determined to be timing values that are associated with the “human driven” events that were detected in the contextual pattern matching that occurred in the second pass 412. These detected timing values from the third pass 414 can be further validated to ensure that the timing occurs within the time range of the audio track from the media resource that was detected in process step 406. In the overall flow of processing described above, each pass has a smaller amount of data to analyze compared to previous passes.
In another embodiment, a media archive may contain a media resource representing the audio and video from an on-line (internet/intranet based or other form of public/private network based) meeting. Consider further, that the meeting has a number of attendees/participants/panelists/subject matter experts and that during the course of the meeting that one presenter may “pass the ‘mic’ (e.g., a virtual microphone)” between the speakers. Also, consider that the number of speakers for the virtual meeting have been identified and/or detected in the processing of the media archive. In this case, the first pass identifies the “pass the ‘mic’” type of event, the second pass detects the integral speaker id's (e.g., the number within the range of speakers), and the third pass detects the timings for the speaker change event transitions.
In some embodiments, a specific pass may identify information in one media resource of the media archive but not in another media resource of the media archive. For example, assume there are two files F1 and F2 in the media archive. It is possible that the first and second passes detects information in file F1 but only the third pass detects information in file F2. For example, file F1 may represent a POWERPOINT presentation with “SLIDE 1,” “SLIDE 2,” annotations. File F2 is an audio file that does not have the “SLIDE 1,” “SLIDE 2,” annotations but has timing information based on the third pass. In this case, the information in the two files can be correlated via the timing information detected in the third pass. During playback, the timings associated with the file F1 are correlated with the file F2 by advancing to the appropriate time interval of the file F2 (the audio file).
In one embodiment, a matrix structure is built to hold the detected information from each pass. If a particular pass did not return any information, the matrix does not store any values for the corresponding positions. For example, if the second pass is performed and does not detect any regular pattern, the matrix structure does not store any values in the appropriate positions. In some embodiments, the third pass may detect information and store the corresponding information but the second pass may not detect any information. Typically, the matrix may contain information detected in the first pass and the second pass or information detected in the first pass and the third pass, or information detected in all three passes. In one embodiment, the first pass is always performed but the second and third pass may be optional. For example, the second pass may be considered optional if the associated data is absent. The third pass may be relevant depending on the type of associated media resource/event that is detected/discovered in the first pass.
In some embodiments, the timing values associated with the media files may be estimated by using interpolation. For example, if the timing information available in the media resource is too far apart and the regular incrementing pattern occurs relatively more frequently, the timing information corresponding to the regular incrementing patterns can be estimated (by interpolation) and added to the metadata. In this situation the non-regular incrementing patterns may be detected anywhere in the file and estimated for the locations corresponding to the regular incrementing patterns.
Once the requisite passes have completed, the result is that a new media resource with associated events and timings has been discovered in the supplemental data within a media archive. The new resource types are identified and made known to the system and are used for future identification 405 of data. These newly discovered media resources are able to be synchronously connected to all of the other media resources (audio, video, transcripts, etc.) in the media archive 400. For example, if the newly discovered media is a POWERPOINT presentation, then all of the slide flips, in the exact order in which they were presented, can now be synchronized with all of the other media resources (audio, video, transcripts) during the playback of the media event (conference, presentation, meeting).
In cases where an audio file is converted to textual representation via auto-transcription, the auto transcription process keeps the timings for each detected spoken utterance (word) and there is a correlation between the timing of the spoken word (that was auto transcribed) and the associated timing of the spoken word within the audio file. The similar is true for manually generated transcripts except that the timings are at a fragment granularity (e.g., a sentence) instead of for each spoken word.
The synchronization information is stored in the UMF. In an embodiment, this synchronization information is stored in the UMF in the events 726 block, e.g., the case where the event is a synchronization timing event. Details of how the data is represented in the UMF are provided below. In one embodiment, the information from the three passes is stored in the UMF, and correlations are performed on the fly with respect to the requested search criteria.
The following examples, illustrate cross referencing of media files based on synchronization information for the media resources. In one embodiment, an audio file is monitored, and speech recognition used, to determine when the speaker says something like, “Now viewing the following screen” indicating that the speaker is now transitioning to a screen sharing view. When the audio detects this type of pending transition, then a “smoothing factor” is applied to slowly/gradually transition the view from the speaker to the view of the computer display screen. Therefore, the interaction between the audio and video resources. The benefit here is that special effects can be introduced that were not originally intended in the original media resources (e.g., fade in/out) in order to improve the play back qualities of an originally recorded media presentation.
The UMC identifies errors in media resources for correction and determines potential corrections for the errors. Typical media archives have expected pieces of information in specific media resources. For example, a slide presentation can be expected to have a slide title in every slide. The expected information in a media resource may correspond to specific patterns that are expected. For example, the slides numbers are expected to increment by one in consecutive sides. The expected information may be inferred based on the context. For example, is the slides are numbered in a presentation, a slide number can be used to infer the number written on the next slide. As another example of expected information, the terms used in the media resource may be expected to be found in a dictionary of terms. Similarly, if a transcript states the speaker as mentioning “Next slide please,” the corresponding synchronized portion of a slide presentation is expected to have a change to the next slide.
An error in a media resource comprises deviations in information from expected information in the media resource. The terms of a media resource may be expected to occur in a dictionary and a typo resulting in a term that is not found in the dictionary is a deviation from the expected information. Similarly, in a slide presentation, each slide may be expected to have a title. A slide with a missing title contains a deviation from the expected information. An error can be localized to a specific portion of a media resource, for example, the error may occur in a particular slide of a presentation.
Synchronization of the various media resources from a media archive allows media resources to be correlated. Corrections to the errors found in a media resource are determined by analyzing other media resources of the archive. Portions of other media resources of the media archive that are correlated with the specific portion containing the error are identified and analyzed. For example, a slide presentation on the web may be correlated with a session transcript. Errors found in a particular slide are corrected by analyzing portions of the transcript corresponding to the particular slide with errors. For example, a name of a company that is misspelled in a slide is corrected based on the spelling of the name in the transcript.
In some embodiments, expected information in media resources corresponds to patterns of events that correspond to correct synchronized flow of events. Deviations from these patterns representing correct flow of event are identified as errors in media resources. Portions of the media resources are corrected by editing the media resources. Portions of other synchronized media resources in the media archive are correspondingly edited to keep the media archive consistent.
As an example, if a speaker states the he is moving to slide number 10, however the PowerPoint slide at this synchronized point in time is actually slide number 9. If the speaker continues speaking with slide 9 being shown to the audience, the speaker's statement that he is moving to slide 10 is inferred to be an error. In this case the textual transcript for the speaker is corrected to state the actual slide number that is in view at the synchronized point in time.
Another example illustrates how errors in multiple media resources of a media archive can be corrected based on information indicating an error inferred from one of the media resources. In this example, the audio resource for a speaker makes reference, at a specific point in time during a presentation, to a product code named “Potomac” which is supposed to represent a 4G mobile broadband router. After review, it is discovered that the speaker made an error and was actually making a reference to the code name for the 3G mobile broadband router and the correct code name for the 4G router was “Chesapeake”. In this case, the speaker transcript is synchronously corrected and the following other media resources of the media archive are also synchronously corrected to make them all consistent: screen sharing resource, power point slide including speaker notes, user notes/comments, and optional Q&A
In one embodiment, the errors are statically detected from a stored archive. The media resources from the stored archive are read and errors detected as well as corrections to the errors identified. The corrections to the errors may be automatically applied to the media resource and the corrected media resource stored in the media archive or as a corrected copy of the media archive. In another embodiment, corrections are dynamically applied to the synchronized media resources during playback. As the playback of the various portions of the synchronized media resources is performed, the various portions are analyzed to detect errors and further analyzed to determine corrections to the errors which can be applied. As a result, the user views the corrected versions of the media resources.
In an embodiment, the error correction process is applied during a live presentation. For example, in real time, a subject matter expert can monitor the audio of a live presentation. In this case the subject matter expert is acting in the role similar to that of a proof reader. Any changes/corrections made by the subject matter expert (see example on correcting product code names in [0060] above) are propagated to the other media resources in real time: text transcription, power point slide (including speaker notes), user notes/comments, etc.
Further examples illustrating the self healing possibilities of the discovered data are presented. Consider that the event data and timings are associated with a POWERPOINT presentation. The self healing process 416 can analyze the timings between the slide flip events and the associated slide numbers. Then to “self correct” possible jitter in the playback of the presentation, certain events may be filtered out of the media resource. For example, if the presenter mistakenly skipped ahead two or more slides, then the self correcting code can detect these multiple advances in slide flips followed immediately, almost instantaneously, to return to a previous slide number. In this case, the self correcting code can remove, i.e. filter out, the mistaken advances in the progression of the slide presentation and thereby reduce jitter by proceeding only to the intended slide. In general, deviations from an expected pattern are detected to identify errors that need correction. Rules may be associated with the potential deviations to distinguish errors from normal behavior. For example, if the time interval during which a presenter advances by skipping slides and returns to the previous slide is greater than a threshold value, the behavior may be considered a part of the presentation. On the other hand, if the time difference is below the threshold value, the behavior is considered an error.
Other types of self healing 416 on the newly detected events can occur as well. Consider the same case of the POWERPOINT presentation and assume that numerous slides in the presentation are missing a table of contents. In this case the self correcting code 416 can generate a table of contents by examine the contents of the POWERPOINT slides and using the slide title as the entry in the table of contents. In this case further self correcting in 416 occurs for the case where a slide is missing a title. In this case the self correcting code examines the slide for other text near the top of the slide and/or looks for other text on the slide that is in bold, underlined, or a larger point size font, and uses that text for the table of contents entry. It should be clear that variations of this self correcting methodology can be applied to any data source and can be used to derive topics from other digitized media sources.
In an embodiment the usefulness and value of a presentation can be extended by adding User Notes/Comments synchronously as a media resource to the media archive, after the occurrence of the actual live presentation. These comments/corrections, made by subject matter technical experts, are made “after the fact” (i.e. after the original recording of the presentation) and this supplemental material is synchronously inserted into the original media archive. These user comments may include links to new white papers or technical reports and thus enhance the value and usefulness of the original presentation. Accordingly, synchronously added new material can either correct or embellish the content of the original recorded presentation.
Examples of self correction applied to various data sources include, but are not limited to, video/image optical character recognition (OCR), video/image context recognition, audio phrase detection by context, and via transcript analysis. Following examples illustrate self correction applied to various data sources.
EXAMPLE 1Using Image OCR for identifying text: in this example assume that there is an unknown (or misspelled) word in a transcript. The synchronization capability of all media resources allows analysis of the corresponding video image for the same point in time. The image analysis is used for inferring various kinds of information from the images, for example, text recognized using OCR techniques. For example, the image analysis may indicate that there is recognizable text within the image, e.g. the word “Altus” is identified via OCR. A decision made to determine if the unidentified (or misspelled) word in the transcript is the word “Altus”. Use of OCR in images allows material to be used for error correction that is outside the media file containing the error.
EXAMPLE 2Using image context recognition: in this example assume that there is an unknown (or misspelled) word in a transcript. Because of the synchronization capability of all media resources, the corresponding video image for the same point in time is analyzed. Then the image is analyzed and a “toaster” is identified. A decision is made to determine if the unidentified (or misspelled) word in the transcript is the word “toaster”. Accordingly, object recognition techniques can be used to provide information for correction of errors. The object recognition may be applied to media information available in files distinct from the file containing erroneous information being corrected.
EXAMPLE 3Using image analysis to correct problem with bad audio: In this example assume that there is a section of the audio is bad (i.e. insufficient recording quality) and it was impossible to produce a textual transcript based on the playback of the audio. Because of the synchronous properties of all media resources, it is conceivable that the video, for the same time codes as the missing transcript, can be analyzed and then “lip reading” of the speaker in the video is analyzed to produce the words for the missing transcripts. Lip reading of a speaker in a video can be performed using software or manually.
EXAMPLE 4Transcript Analysis to correct missing slide titles and table of contents entries: In this example assume that the textual transcript is correct, but some of the MICROSOFT POWERPOINT slide titles and corresponding table of contents entries are missing entries. In this case, the contents of the textual transcripts, for the same time codes as the missing slide titles, can be analyzed and a title and corresponding table of contents entry may be formulated from the synchronous contents of the textual transcript.
Another use case assists transcription services. Typically the transcriptionist is playing back audio at varying speeds in order to create the textual transcription. With the synchronized media resources, the synchronized PPT can be displayed in a separate window during the transcription process. If the transcriptionist cannot determine the word from the audio to transcribe to text, the synchronized PPT will highlight the display likely possibilities and then the transcriptionist can drag and drop the desired word from one synchronized media resource (i.e. the PPT) to another (i.e. the textual transcription). The selected word is then also added to the speech recognition dictionaries for future transcription accuracy. Possible to also correct other files with the similar problem. An automatic transcription mechanism can use the synchronized information while deciphering audio information to assist with recognition of words that are difficult to recognize without additional information.
The above examples are also examples of the cross referencing of different synchronized media resources to auto-correct problems (or to assist in the correction of problems). Some problem areas solved via auto-correction self healing: jitter correction (re: slide flips and other synchronous transitions between media resources), programmatic special effects by using the synchronized time codes and detected audio to improve viewing quality during play back (e.g. fade in/out, etc.) Media archives contain other types of supplemental information including, but not limited to, online chat session archives, attendees email addresses, screen sharing sessions, etc. and the newly disclosed processing techniques can be used to detect, synchronize, and extract these other types of media resources contained within a media archive and represent them in the UMF 106.
In some embodiments, topic generation or categorization techniques based on text analysis of the content of the slide can be used to generate a topic. In alternative embodiment, the topic can be generated based on information available in alternate media synchronized with the presentation. For example, a transcription of the audio data associated with the presentation can be analyzed to find the text representing the information described by the speaker during the same time period that the slide was shown. The information in the audio data can be used for self healing of the slide, for example, the title of the slide can be generated from the audio data. Accordingly, information from one media resource can be used for self healing of information in another synchronized media resource. The examples presented for self-healing also illustrate cross-referencing between media files of different format in a media file archive to auto-correct problems (or to assist in the correction of problems). The following examples, further illustrate cross referencing of media files and self correction.
Example 1: An audio file is monitored, and speech recognition used, to determine when the speaker says something like, “Now viewing the following screen” indicating that the speaker is now transitioning to a screen sharing view. When the audio detects this type of pending transition, then a “smoothing factor” is applied to slowly/gradually transition the view from the speaker to the view of the computer display screen. Therefore, the interaction between the audio and video resources. The benefit here is that special effects can be introduced that were not originally intended in the original media resources (e.g. fade in/out) in order to improve the play back qualities of an originally recorded media presentation. Example 2: The audio is monitored for utterances like, “Now going to slide 5”, indicating that the speaker is going to flip to the slide number that he verbally stated. But consider that the speaker actually made a mistake and that he really intended to advance to slide number 4 (even though he said 5). In this case, the original transcript would also be incorrect since the transcript is a textual representation of the spoken words. In this example, the slide number from the synchronized slide (e.g., MICROSOFT POWERPOINT) resource is compared with the audio phrase that was captured in the synchronized audio resource and if there was a mistake detected, then the transcript can be corrected to reflect what actually transpired during the recording of the presentation. E.g. the transcript might have notation like the following: “Now moving to slide four [note: auto-corrected to four] . . . ” In this example the cross referencing of synchronized resources of audio, slides (e.g., MICROSOFT POWERPOINT), and transcripts to solve the problem.
Referring next to
The scheduler 502 notes the number of and type of tasks required to process the request in the state tracker object 506, sorting by order of processing and grouping by individual thread, and assigning each task a unique ID for tracking. Once this registration is complete, the scheduler begins passing the individual task requests into the processor object bus 514 via a message passing interface known as the process requestor 512. The process requestor 512 is responsible for passing individual task requests into the bus, in the form of task request objects 520, and listening for responses from completed tasks. The individual task requests 520 take the form of object messages, each extending a parent task request object class, overriding data sections as needed so that each is identifiable as a specific object type, as well as having an embedded ID 522 as assigned by the scheduler 502 earlier.
Each individual processor/data manipulator 516 listens to the bus, inspecting objects to see if they can manipulate the object, and pulling objects off the bus if they can. Each processor/data manipulator 516 runs in its own thread. When a processor/data manipulator 516 completes processing or encounters an error, it stores the created data (or pointers to the data) 526, as well as any notes 528 or errors 530 encountered in the task request object, updates the status 526, and returns the task request object back to the bus 514 where it is retrieved by the process requestor 512 and returned to the scheduler 502 for inspection.
If any errors are reported, the scheduler 502 checks the error handling ruleset 510 in order to determine the next course of action, e.g., whether to spawn the next task, or stop processing. The task request 520 is stored in the state tracker object 506, and, if needed, additional processing is performed. The additional processing and error handling is described in detail in
Turning now to
Once a task completion message has been received 610, the scheduler 502 performs a check 612 of the return object 520 for any errors. If no errors are found 613b, the task is added to the completed list 628 contained in the job state tracker 506. Then the scheduler checks for the next scheduled task 630. If a task is found pending 631b, it is assigned 632, and the scheduler 502 waits for the next completion message 610. If no tasks are found to be remaining 631a the scheduler 502 assembles 634 the data from the state tracking object 506 into a UMF data object 750 and sends a serialization request 532 to the UMF serializer 534 (detailed operations for UMF serialization are in
If the error is simply a set of information or messages concerning processing 615c, but the processor produced the desired output, the notes are logged 626 to the state tracking object 506, and the task is added 628 to the completed list. These notes may be useful during later quality assurance phases to alert a user that special attention may be needed when reviewing the final produced assets, or they may be useful during later analysis of the process to alleviate bottlenecks in performance of the system. If the error is found 615b to be a warning, e.g., the task could not be completed as requested, but an alternative may exist, or the desired output may not have been perfectly generated, the error is logged 618 to the state tracking object 506 and the scheduler 502 checks 620 for an alternative processor. If no alternative processor exists 621a, the scheduler 502 logs progress, and stops processing 616, in the same way as described for a critical error 615a. If an alternative processor does exist 621b, then the selected alternative is logged 622 and a new task is generated and assigned to the alternative processor 624. The scheduler 502 then returns to waiting for the next job completion method 608.
The process of selecting the best processor based on what is encountered during processing of individual tasks is an efficient way of executing self-healing techniques, in which the interpreter 318 ensures that the best processor for the job is selected, and in the event that the best processor cannot be used, the next best is tried, and so on, thereby guaranteeing that the best possible output is generated, as well as the completion of the job request in all but the worst case scenarios. An example of this would be the case where a particular slide from a PPT that was being processed contained corrupted data in it, and this data prevented the reading or writing of a PPT containing the corrupted slide, the corrupted slide would be isolated and the data corruption removed. The original state of the corrupted slide would be caught by the normal processor when it tried to read or write the file, and this would prevent it from continuing. When this error was returned, the alternate processor would be selected and would permit handling of the file. The reason for not selecting the alternate processor as the primary processor is often for performance reasons, as in most data cases additional error checking need not be performed on each segment of a file, and to do so would slow the processing time considerably. Selecting fallback processors on failure allows these edge cases to still be handled, while maintaining high performance throughout the majority of the process.
While an index greatly speeds retrieval from a large UMF, the presence of an index requires its maintenance for it to be useful, and if a particular UMF will be undergoing lots of future manipulations and edits it is possible to store the UMF without this index to save write and modification time overhead. Further, due to the extensible nature of the UMF format an index block can be added at a later point when the need for an index is identified. Requisite null values are then serialized to the checksums block 718 as a placeholder for the checksums that will be computed later in the process 712. Several types of data integrity checks may be alternatively used for checksum 718 and the size of the placeholder is dependent upon the chosen data integrity algorithm. After reserving the checksum block 718, the serializer 534 (
After the unique ID generation 707, the process continues by iterating over each index point stored in the index previously generated 700 and serializing each segment 700 in the order specified by the index. Each of the individual components (720-734) of the data block 752 is written to the file if found, with their type 762 and name 764 serving at the beginning of the relevant block. This serves as the individual identifier for the media resource that is stored in the UMF. This is followed by the security level of the segment 766. This security level is a standard integer from 1-10, the specified level indicating that access should only be allowed by a client possessing an equal or lower security level. If there are any other arbitrary access limitations 768, these are serialized next. These access limitations 768 may be, but are not limited to: a specific geographic locale, or a specified department/group.
After the access limitations 768, pointers or URLs to any modules that are required for access or manipulation of the data block are written 770. The specified modules 770 would be useful if a custom encryption algorithm were used to store the data segment 772, or in the event that the data 772 could not be accessed without a specific form of digital rights management (DRM). Finally the data itself or a pointer to the data is written 772. Concerning the data segments 760 the following may be noted: 1) there is no arbitrary restriction on the number of instances of each data type stored in the UMF, or the number of data blocks, e.g., there could be more than one audio block 728, or multiple sets of resources 732. 2) The raw data need not be contained in the file itself 772; a pointer to another UMF in the format of “umf://uniqueid/segmentname[@location]” (@location is optional as a system could possess a preconfigured store for UMFs) or a file or network path (in URL format) would be sufficient. This allows, amongst other possibilities, for potential external storage of UMF data, or creation of a UMF where direct access to the data is not possible.
A non-inclusive list of potential data to be stored in the UMF is as follows: (1) Any metadata concerning the media file 722, e.g., the author 722a, any attendees 722b that were present if the media file originated from a meeting or conference, the date and time of the original recording 722c, the location 722d of the recording (geographic and/or virtual), and any other misc. data 722e. (2) Any metadata extracted from the original job request and processing, e.g., the original job requestor 724a, the date and time of the request 724b, and errors encountered while processing 724c, and notes made by the processor 724d, the amount of time that processing the request took 724e, any external billing ID(s) 724e, and any other miscellaneous data 724g. (3) Any events 726 associated with the data contained in the UMF, e.g., a change in presenter if a presentation was being recorded, a change in context of the data, e.g., video and audio combined to audio only at a certain time code, or something as simple as a change in page if a portable document format (e.g., ADOBE PDF) or MICROSOFT POWERPOINT was being presented. (4) any segments of audio 728 processed as a part of the job, e.g., WAV data, MP3, etc., 5) any video segments 730. (5) Any additional resources 732 related to the data. e.g., POWERPOINT files, WORD documents, images, etc. (6) any code modules 734 related to or required for access or manipulation of UMF. Examples of these modules 734 could be, but are not limited to, DRM plugins, usage trackers, security information or decryption packages if the data contained in the UMF were encrypted, executable players for various platforms, dynamic code generators for various platforms related to playback or access of the data, etc. The ability to include code in the UMF format allows a recipient to process a media archive without having to download additional logic. Custom designed media archives and new media sources can be easily developed and incorporated in UMF and provided to consumer systems for being processed.
If the requestor does meet the specified restrictions 808a, then the data or a pointer to the data is returned 814. It is possible for the API to act as a proxy for data that is merely referenced, and if requested in a particular way (e.g., with a boolean argument specifying whether or not the API should act as a proxy), to return the data itself, even if the data is merely referenced by pointer in the UMF. If the requested data does not exist 804c, the API checks a data conversion ruleset 816, to determine if the requested data can be generated 810 and returned to the client. The data conversion ruleset 816 comprises mappings of dependencies for the creation of a given data type (e.g., a WAV or other audio file is required to generate an mp3), as well as suggested alternatives if a conversion cannot be performed. The ruleset 816 also provides the location (if web service) of executable code (for example, binary code) or name of the module to be used for the conversion. If the ruleset 816 does not define a means for generation of the requested data type 818a, an error is returned 820 that states that the requested data could not be generated. If possible, a suggested alternative data type is returned that is either present in the system or can be generated as specified in the data conversion ruleset 816.
If the data can be generated 818b, the API checks the restrictions of the parent data type that will be used to generate the data 822 (thus the generated data inherits the permissions/restrictions of the data it is being generated from). If the data is being generated from two or more data types (e.g., generating a video from a set of POWERPOINT slides and an audio file) the more restrictive restrictions are used. If the requestor does not meet the restrictions 823b an error message is returned 830 that states that the request has been denied due to insufficient privileges. If the requestor meets the access restrictions 823a, the API requests from the conversion utility specified in the data conversion ruleset 816 that the conversion be performed. Then the API checks the results of the conversion 825. If the conversion failed (i.e. because of corrupted source data, or incompatible codecs) 825b an error message is returned that specifies that an error was encountered while attempting to convert the data 832. If the conversion was successful 825a the converted data is added to the UMF 826 in the form of an additional data block segment 760 and the converted data is returned 828.
In summary, methods and systems disclosed provide a significant improvement to the ways in which media archive files are processed, namely the UMC 105. The methods preserve the synchronous attributes from the original media resources and provide a flexible and extensible storage mechanism, namely the UMF 106. The UMF 106 both represents media resources and also provides the capability to store executable code that can perform additional processing on the same UMF 106 media resources. All new additions and/or modifications to the UMF 106 are handled in a synchronous context in relation to all of the other media resources. The unifying system and framework, namely the UMA 107, provides a comprehensive set of services and functions to perform processing operations on media archives, produce media resources, and to provide the services to playback the contents of media archives in a synchronized manner.
Computing Machine ArchitectureOne embodiment of the disclosed systems and processes described herein are structured to operate with machines to provide such machines with particular functionality as disclosed herein.
It is noted that the processes described herein, for example, with respect to
The machine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook, a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a smartphone, an IPAD, IPHONE, a customized (application specific) embedded mobile computing devices, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, server blade, or may reside in an specialized pluggable electronic card that is capable of insertion into the chassis of a computing device, or any machine capable of executing instructions 124 (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. In an embodiment, the machine may be integrated with other commercially available (or special purpose) Audio/Video playback devices, or integrated with other commercially available (or special purpose) Networking and/or Storage and/or Network Attached Storage and/or Media Processing equipment (e.g., CISCO MXE, etc.), or integrated as a set of Object Oriented (or procedural) statically or dynamically linked programming libraries that interface with other software applications.
Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute instructions 924 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.
The example computer system 900 includes a processor 902 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), or any combination of these), a main memory 904, and a static memory 906, which are configured to communicate with each other via a bus 908. The computer system 900 may further include graphics display unit 910 (e.g., a plasma display panel (PDP), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 900 may also include alphanumeric input device 912 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 914 (e.g., a mouse, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointing instrument), a storage unit 916, a signal generation device 918 (e.g., a speaker), and a network interface device 820, which also are configured to communicate via the bus 908.
The storage unit 916 includes a machine-readable medium 922 on which is stored instructions 924 (e.g., software) embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 924 (e.g., software) may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 904 or within the processor 902 (e.g., within a processor's cache memory) during execution thereof by the computer system 900, the main memory 904 and the processor 902 also constituting machine-readable media. The instructions 924 (e.g., software) may be transmitted or received over a network 926 via the network interface device 920.
While machine-readable medium 922 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to store instructions (e.g., instructions 924). The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing instructions (e.g., instructions 924) for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies disclosed herein. The term “machine-readable medium” includes, but not be limited to, data repositories in the form of solid-state memories, optical media, and magnetic media.
This use case relates to auto transcription and related technologies. Although the automatic production of transcripts is possible via numerous commercially available speech recognition systems, the transcriptions produced may not be accurate. The transcription service 214 of the UMA 107 is used to improve the accuracy of the automatically generated transcripts. This case provides the real time detection of errors in the auto transcription process and a synchronous correction of the errors via correction event notifications transmitted in the UMA 107 via the UMA messaging services 213.
Consider the example use case of the ORACLE OPENWORLD conference and the large numbers of presenters. The automated speech recognition (ASR) technologies are used to accept simultaneous input from the presenters, and after analysis of the auto generated text, and then interface with a new transcription module in the UMA 107 via transmitting event messages when new technical jargon, acronyms, or other technical slang is detected. The transcription analysis module makes an attempt to correct the transcript based on real time input and other external sources. The external sources can interface with other programming modules that are building a specialized knowledge base of the technical jargon and acronyms. Human assist is an external input to the new transcription module that can be configured to override the computer generated selection for the word and/or phrase suggested for use in the transcript. The human corrections to the transcription module can be made by text or voice (taking advantage of the speech recognition services 217 in the UMA 107. Real time self learning is utilized by continuously updating the speech recognition calibration with new conditions. In some embodiments, self learning and improved accuracy is achieved by continuously feeding audio tracks through the speech calibration engine and monitoring and correcting the results.
In some embodiments, data from an alternate synchronized media resource can be used for correction of errors. For example, text from slides or notes associated with slides in a POWERPOINT presentation (or presentation in another format) can be used to correct transcription errors in the audio. The proximity of the text in the slides or notes associated with the slides as determined by synchronizing the various media resources narrows down the text to be searched for potential correction of errors and improves the accuracy of the error correction. Other examples described above also illustrate how cross referencing can be used for correction of errors in one media based on information available in another media.
An embodiment provides interactive interface to manually correct problems that were detected and reported during the processing of a media archive using UMF 106. As disclosed herein, the UMF 106 can include executable code. It was also noted in the description for this disclosure that there is an error reporting mechanism and that errors are categorized by severity levels. This use case builds up an executable script based on the types of errors that were detected in the processing of a media archive and stores this real time generated script in the UMF 107. The generated script provides a user interface with a list of the detected errors and a suggested/recommended action to take.
Where possible, the script contains the code to automatically perform a task at the control of the user. For example, consider the case of a PPT slide that contains a series of URL's. And further consider that the URL has been incorrectly entered onto the contents of the PPT slide. Also consider that this error is detected in the processing of the media archive. In this case, the automated script is generated to characterize the problem and to provide code to guide the user in the steps to resolve the problem. In this case, the script from the UMF 106 may present a user interface allowing the user to take action to correct the error. For example, an error can be reported “Error: A problem was detected resolving a URL” and options presented to the user to take action “Select: fix problem or ignore problem.” If the user chooses to ignore the problem, the error is cleared from the UMF 106 and no further action is required for this error. If the user selects to fix the problem, another set of prompts is displayed to the user, e.g.: “Select button to Validate URL.” The user is informed of the results of the action. If the URL worked then no further action is necessary, any updates are stored in the UMF 106 and the error cleared. If the URL failed, the user is allowed to make corrections and re-validate. Other examples provide scripts for errors related to other types of problems, e.g. rules set violations, other problems with PPT slides, etc.
Additional Configuration ConsiderationsThroughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter herein.
Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute either software modules (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium or in a transmission signal) or hardware modules. A hardware module is tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware module that operates to perform certain operations as described herein, for example, the process illustrated and described with respect to
In various embodiments, a hardware module may be implemented mechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware module may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) to perform certain operations. A hardware module may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware module mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.
Accordingly, the term “hardware module” should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. As used herein, “hardware-implemented module” refers to a hardware module. Considering embodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware modules need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where the hardware modules comprise a general-purpose processor configured using software, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respective different hardware modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure a processor, for example, to constitute a particular hardware module at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware module at a different instance of time.
Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardware modules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple of such hardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) that connect the hardware modules. In embodiments in which multiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware modules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware modules have access. For example, one hardware module may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware modules may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information).
The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modules that operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modules referred to herein may, in some example embodiments, comprise processor-implemented modules.
Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or processors or processor-implemented hardware modules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a single location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as a server farm), while in other embodiments the processors may be distributed across a number of locations.
The one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., application program interfaces (APIs).)
The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.
Some portions of this specification are presented in terms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on data stored as bits or binary digital signals within a machine memory (e.g., a computer memory). These algorithms or symbolic representations are examples of techniques used by those of ordinary skill in the data processing arts to convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. As used herein, an “algorithm” is a self-consistent sequence of operations or similar processing leading to a desired result. In this context, algorithms and operations involve physical manipulation of physical quantities. Typically, but not necessarily, such quantities may take the form of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of being stored, accessed, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated by a machine. It is convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals using words such as “data,” “content,” “bits,” “values,” “elements,” “symbols,” “characters,” “terms,” “numbers,” “numerals,” or the like. These words, however, are merely convenient labels and are to be associated with appropriate physical quantities.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions herein using words such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” “presenting,” “displaying,” or the like may refer to actions or processes of a machine (e.g., a computer) that manipulates or transforms data represented as physical (e.g., electronic, magnetic, or optical) quantities within one or more memories (e.g., volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or a combination thereof), registers, or other machine components that receive, store, transmit, or display information.
As used herein any reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Some embodiments may be described using the expression “coupled” and “connected” along with their derivatives. For example, some embodiments may be described using the term “connected” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. In another example, some embodiments may be described using the term “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact. The term “coupled,” however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
In addition, use of the “a” or “an” are employed to describe elements and components of the embodiments herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the invention. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.
Upon reading this disclosure, those of skill in the art will appreciate still additional alternative structural and functional designs for a system and a method for processing of media archive resources through the disclosed principles herein. Thus, while particular embodiments and applications have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the precise construction and components disclosed herein. Various modifications, changes and variations, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the method and apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope defined in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A computer implemented method of correcting errors in a plurality of media resources, the method comprising:
- receiving a first media resource and a second media resource associated with events that occurred during a time interval, wherein portions of the first media resource are correlated with portions of the second media resource, the correlating comprising: identifying a first sequence of pattern in the first media resource and a second sequence of pattern in the second media resource; and correlating elements of the first sequence with elements of the second sequence;
- identifying an error portion of the first media resource comprising information with mismatch compared to a predetermined information;
- identifying a portion of the second media resource correlated with the error portion of the first media resource; and
- determining corrections to the error portion of the first media resource based on information obtained from the correlated portion of the second media resource.
2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the corrections to the error portion of the first media resource cause the information in the error portion to match the predetermined information.
3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined information comprises a dictionary of terms and the information in the error portion of the first media resource comprises a term not found in the dictionary.
4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined information comprises an expected sequence of terms and the information in the error portion of the first media resource comprises a sequence partially matching the expected sequence of terms.
5. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the media resource comprises pages with an expected term occurring at a predetermined position in the pages, the expected term having value in a predetermined set and the error portion comprises at least one page with a term at the predetermined position outside the predetermined set of values.
6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first media resource comprises pages with a monotonic sequence of page numbers and the error portion comprises adjacent pages with page numbers that are non-adjacent numbers from the monotonic sequence.
7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first media resource comprises slides with titles and the error portion comprises at least one slide with missing title.
8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first media resource comprises text and the second media resource comprises audio.
9. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the second media resource comprises a video and determining corrections to the error portion comprises performing optical character recognition of an image in the video.
10. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the second media resource comprises an image and determining corrections to the error portion comprises performing optical character recognition of an image in the video.
11. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first media resource comprises a slide presentation and the second media resource comprises a script of a chat session.
12. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the error portion is a slide with a missing title, the second media resource comprises a transcript session, and determining corrections to the error portion comprises identifying topics in the transcript session.
13. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein each pair of correlated elements is associated with an event that occurred in the time interval.
14. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the events that occurred during a time interval comprise at least one of a presentation, a screen sharing session, an online collaboration session, and a recorded media event.
15. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the events that occurred during a time interval comprise a slide presentation and each sequence of pattern corresponds to slide flips in the presentation.
16. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
- applying the corrections to the error portion of the first media resource; and
- storing the changed version of the first media resource.
17. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first media resource and the second media resource are obtained from a media archive.
18. The computer implemented method of claim 17, further comprising:
- storing instructions in the media archive for taking actions to correct errors identified in the first media resource.
19. The computer implemented method of claim 17, further comprising:
- storing instructions in the media archive for presenting a user interface allowing the user to take actions to correct errors identified in the first media resource.
20. A computer implemented method of correcting errors in a plurality of media resources, the method comprising:
- receiving a media resource and a plurality of media resources associated with events that occurred during a time interval, wherein portions of the media resource are correlated with portions of media resources in the plurality of media resources, the correlating comprising: identifying a sequence of pattern in the media resource and corresponding sequence of patterns in each of the media resource in the plurality of media resources; and correlating elements of the sequence from the media resource to elements of corresponding sequences in media resources of the plurality of media resources;
- identifying an error portion of the media resource comprising information with a mismatch compared to a predetermined information;
- receiving a change to the error portion of the media resource, wherein the change eliminates the mismatch;
- identifying portions of the media resources in the plurality of media resources correlated with the error portion of the media resource; and
- responsive to identifying the mismatch in correlated portions of media resources in the plurality of media resources making the change in the correlated portions.
21. A computer program product having a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable code for correcting errors in a plurality of media resources, the code comprising:
- a universal media convertor module configured to: receive a first media resource and a second media resource associated with events that occurred during a time interval, wherein portions of the first media resource are correlated with portions of the second media resource, the correlating comprising: identifying a first sequence of pattern in the first media resource and a second sequence of pattern in the second media resource; and correlating elements of the first sequence with elements of the second sequence; identify an error portion of the first media resource comprising information with mismatch compared to a predetermined information; identify a portion of the second media resource correlated with the error portion of the first media resource; and determine corrections to the error portion of the first media resource based on information obtained from the correlated portion of the second media resource.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 2, 2010
Publication Date: May 12, 2011
Applicant: ALTUS LEARNING SYSTEMS, INC. (Campbell, CA)
Inventors: Michael F. Prorock (Raleigh, NC), Thomas J. Prorock (Raleigh, NC)
Application Number: 12/875,088
International Classification: H04N 9/88 (20060101); H03M 13/03 (20060101); G06F 11/08 (20060101);
