HANDOVER IN A WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (WLAN)
In triggering a handoff by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) from a current basic service set (BSS) in a wireless local area network (WLAN), the following are performed. A highest class of traffic service and quality of service (QoS) is determined for the highest class from a basic service set (BSS) beacon. Handoff is terminated and communication is retained with a current BSS when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) or received signal strength (RSS) is greater than a high threshold of the highest class. Other criteria are evaluated to determine whether a handoff is desired when the SNR or RSS is less than the high threshold.
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This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/652,271, filed on Jan. 11, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/931,112, filed on Aug. 31, 2004, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,164,915 on Jan. 16, 2007, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 60/531,513, filed Dec. 19, 2003, all of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth.
FIELD OF INVENTIONThe present invention relates wireless communication systems. In particular, the invention relates to handover in such systems.
BACKGROUNDAlthough this approach most likely provides the WTRU 141N with the strongest link, other criteria may make such a connection undesirable. To illustrate, the BSS having the strongest link may be overloaded and can not meet some quality of service (QoS) requirements of the WTRU 141N. Accordingly, it is desirable to have alternate handover schemes.
SUMMARYIn triggering a handoff by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) from a current basic service set (BSS) in a wireless local area network (WLAN), the following are performed. A highest class of traffic service and quality of service (QoS) is determined for the highest class from a basic service set (BSS) beacon. Handoff is terminated and communication is retained with a current BSS when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) or received signal strength (RSS) is greater than a high threshold of the highest class. Other criteria is evaluated to determine whether a handoff is desired when the SNR or RSS is less than the high threshold.
The present invention will be understood from consideration of the accompanying figures, wherein like elements are designated by like numerals, and wherein:
Although the features and elements of the present invention are described in the preferred embodiments in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone (without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiments) or in various combinations with or without other features and elements of the present invention.
Hereafter, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes but is not limited to a user equipment, station, mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, pager, or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, an access point includes but is not limited to a base station, Node-B, site controller, or any other type of interfacing device in a wireless environment. Although the following is discussed with respect to WLANs, the invention can be applied to other wireless networks.
The handover algorithm is triggered when the SNR value drops below a high SNR threshold, i.e., SNR max, for the given traffic class (TC) associated with the entity seeking a handover, step S40. The TC may be one of those shown in Table 1. The algorithm compares the SNR value with a low SNR threshold and depending on the result acts, generally, as follows.
If the SNR value is between the low and high SNR thresholds, the algorithm checks the QoS index for this traffic class. The QoS index may be derived from any or all the criteria in Table 1 or, alternately, other criteria may be used. If the QoS index is below the QoS index threshold, the WTRU starts scanning neighboring cells to trigger a handover. If the SNR value is higher than the high SNR threshold, the algorithm terminates since link quality is good and there is no need for handover. For SNR values below the low threshold, the WTRU starts scanning neighboring BSSs without comparing the QoS index with the QoS index threshold. Although the above refers to SNR; RSS or a combination of RSS and SNR may be used instead.
Referring to
If the SNR is below the low threshold, step S44, the channel utilization is determined and frame loss rate derived from the QBSS load element, step S56. The QoS parameter set element is checked, step S58, and the QoS index is calculated, step 60.
A list of neighbor BSSs 12 is determined, step S62, and a scan neighbor routine is initiated, step S64. The first BSS 12 of the list is scanned, step S66. The probe response is obtained from the first BSS 12 and the frame loss rate, channel utilization and QoS parameters are obtained from the probe response, step S68. The SNR and QoS parameter elements are checked, step S70. A QoS index calculation for the first BSS 12 of the neighbors to be scanned is performed, step S72.
In the event that there are more BSSs 12 in the list, step S74, the next BSS 12 is picked, step S76. Steps S68 through S74 are repeated for the next BSS 12.
When there are no more BSSs 12 to be scanned, the BSS 12 with the highest QoS index is picked, at step S78. A difference is taken between the QoS index of the selected BSS 12 and the QoS index of the current BSS 12. To keep the WTRU 18 from frequently handing over between BSSs 12, the QoS index difference value is compared with a hysteresis to determine if it is bigger than the hysteresis, step S80. The hysteresis is preferably a function of the traffic class (TC), although it may be derived by other techniques. If the calculated difference is greater than the last stored hysteresis, the handover to the new cell is initiated and the hysteresis value is reset to its original value, step S82. The handoff algorithm terminates, step S86. If the difference between the current and target cell QoS indexes is smaller than the hysteresis, the hysteresis value is updated, step S84. Preferably, the hysteresis value is decreased in order to enable the WTRU 18 utilizing the handover algorithm to have a better chance to obtain a handover to a new cell in the event that the WTRU 18 continues to experience poor service.
An embodiment of a QoS index calculation algorithm is shown in
Although
One application of the algorithms in
Claims
1. A method of performing handover in wireless communications operating in a plurality of basic service sets (BSSs), the method comprising:
- establishing a high and a low threshold for at least one of either a signal to noise ratio (SNR) or a received signal strength (RSS) for a BSS currently serving a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU);
- initiating a handover procedure when the at least one of SNR or RSS of the serving BSS falls below the high threshold;
- determining a quality of service (QoS) index for each of a plurality of neighboring BSSs and the serving BSS;
- establishing a link between the WTRU and a BSS associated with a largest of the determined QoS indexes.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
- establishing a link between the WTRU and a different BSS than the serving BSS when the at least one of SNR and RSS of the serving BSS falls below the low threshold without determining the QoS index for each neighboring BSS.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
- halting the handover procedure when the at least one of SNR and RSS increases to greater than the high threshold and maintaining a link between the WTRU and the serving BSS.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a QoS index for each of a plurality of neighboring BSSs further comprises:
- determining a list of neighboring BSSs;
- for each of a plurality of traffic classes (TCs), establishing a list of QoS parameters;
- for each QoS parameter for each TC, defining a high QoS threshold and a low QoS threshold;
- for each TC for each neighboring BSS: initializing a QoS index to zero; determining a value of each QoS parameter; comparing the value of each QoS parameter to the high QoS threshold and low QoS threshold associated with the QoS parameter; and incrementing the QoS index by one when the value of the QoS parameter is higher than the high QoS threshold, do not change the QoS index when the value of QoS parameter is between the high QoS threshold and the low QoS threshold, and subtracting (n−1) from the QoS index when the value of the QoS parameter is less than the low QoS threshold, where n is the number of QoS parameters in the list.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the list of QoS parameters includes SNR.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the list of QoS parameters includes at least one of frame error rate, data rate, and delay bounds.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the value of the QoS parameter is read from a BSS service load element.
Type: Application
Filed: Apr 12, 2011
Publication Date: Aug 4, 2011
Applicant: INTERDIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (Wilmington, DE)
Inventor: Maged Zaki (San Diego, CA)
Application Number: 13/084,913
International Classification: H04W 36/30 (20090101);