ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTION TOY SYSTEM
The present invention is typically configured as toy racecars and tracks, or model train sets but other toy and non-toy configurations are possible. It has a power supply, controller, track, and moveable object(s) such as a racecar or train. The moveable object(s) is a permanent magnet, or contains one or more permanent magnets, or one or more electrical conductors acting as electromagnets, positioned so as to travel general parallel to the surface of the track. The controller has operator interfaces such as switches and/or a potentiometer(s) for speed/motion input. The track is preferably one or more printed circuit boards with conductive traces configured such that the controller can power them. Current passes through the traces in a repetitive sequential order that causes the magnet/moveable object to be propelled along the track due to the Lorentz force generated by the electromagnetic field(s) acting on the conducting traces and the magnet(s).
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/518,714, filed Sep. 11, 2006, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/716,332, filed Sep. 12, 2005, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates generally to the field of amusement devices. The present invention relates more particularly to electrical toy action games such as racecar sets, train sets and others producing controlled movement of an object such as a racecar along a fixed or configurable track.
The present invention also relates to electric motors and actuator devices such as linear motors and printed circuit motors.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONTypical slot car racing games use miniature model cars driven by an electric motor and gears inside them to rotate the drive wheels and tires. Electrical power is provided to the motor via brushes, sometimes called pick-up shoes, attached to the bottoms of the racecars that must drag on electrically energized conductive strips, sometimes called metal track rails, attached to the racetrack and connected to the controller/power supply. All of the components in the racecar wear amazingly fast and must be replaced often. In addition, the required number of components limits the miniaturization of the racecar and therefore the track. Another persistent problem is the accumulation of dirt, oxidation, and debris on the conductive strips of the track and on the racecar brushes, which interrupt the power supplied to the motor. This causes the racecar to move erratically or even stall. Cleaning these items can be a tedious and time-consuming operation to someone (especially a child) that just wants to play a game.
One system has been proposed to overcome some of these problems, but with extreme trade-offs. It uses a non-powered racecar that receives a “kick” from one or more spinning wheels affixed to a single location on the track powered by an electric motor. The wheel(s) spin at a high rpm and accelerate any car that engages the wheel(s). The car then coasts around the track until it reaches the spinning wheel(s) again. The operator may control the rpm of the spinning wheel(s) but has no control of the racecar speed except at the one point in the track where the car engages the spinning wheel(s).
Linear motors are used for industrial systems and magnetic levitation (maglev) trains. These devices are complex and far too expensive for use in toy systems. The linear motors contain coils of copper wire with ferrous cores distributed along the track, or even permanent magnets distributed along the track, or the moveable object itself has coils that must be electrically powered. Also the position of the moveable object must be continuously sensed with sophisticated instrumentation and fed back to the controller for proper operation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved and low-cost miniature action toy.
Another related object is to provide such an improved toy that overcomes the limitations and shortcomings of existing similar toys.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
In accordance with the present invention, the foregoing objectives are realized by providing a system comprised of an electrical power supply, control system, track, and moveable object(s) such as a racecar or train.
The electrical power supply may be either batteries or a modular power supply plugged into house power or even automobile power such as from a cigarette lighter socket.
The control system is preferably microcomputer based with an operator interface containing a potentiometer for speed/motion control by the operator. The microcomputer primarily functions as a variable frequency multi-phase oscillator to provide control signal outputs to the switching amplifier circuitry, such as H-Bridges. The amplifiers in-turn supply power from a current regulator to the track. The microcomputer varies the output frequency based on the operator's positioning of the trigger attached to the potentiometer in the operator interface. Other functions of the microcomputer will be detailed later.
The track is preferably a printed circuit board (PC board or PCB), also known as a printed wiring board (PWB), with its conductive traces configured such that they can be sequentially powered. The control system passes electrical current through the printed circuit traces, typically in a repetitive sequential order that causes the magnet, and thus the attached moveable object, to be propelled along the track due to the Lorentz force generated by the electromagnetic field acting on the conductor (printed circuit traces) and the magnet. The printed circuit track may be composed of a typical copper-clad non-conductive substrate and be single-sided, double-sided, or multi-layer and may be produced by the typical chemical etching processes. Alternately, the conductive layers may be die-cut and assembled between non-conductive substrate layers, or the traces may be printed on a non-conductive substrate with conductive ink and then assembled in layers. Ground plane layers may be added above and below the trace layers to reduce emissions. Alternately, the conductors may be wires affixed to a track in patterns to give the same effect as the printed circuit. More than one lane may be on a single track to accommodate more than one moveable object. Each lane would have its own operator interface although portions of the controller and power supply may be shared. Since the magnet of the moveable object always attempts to cross the printed circuit traces at a 90-degree angle the moveable object tries to follow the track even around corners however, inertia will push it out of its lane in the corners if it is going very fast so guardrails may be used for each lane to allow higher speeds. Electrical current carrying printed circuit traces may also be used as Lorentz force “guard rail” barriers on either or both sides of each lane along the track. As the moveable object approaches this trace, it will be repelled and pushed back toward the center of the lane. The printed circuit track may be flexible or rigid. Flexible printed circuit boards allow the racecar to bank, pass over other parts of the track (as for a figure eight), or even race around a vertical loop. The track may also have jump ramps, moguls, or even “half pipes” as in skate parks. The track may be a single printed circuit board or be numerous pieces of various shapes to allow configuration by the operator. Areas of a single board track, or individual or groups of track pieces, may be electrically bypassed, when the moveable object is not present there, in order to reduce overall power consumption and emissions. The printed circuit track is economical to produce and requires modest tooling.
The moveable object such as a racecar is either an electromagnet, permanent magnet, or permanent magnet array, or has at least one electromagnet, permanent magnet, or ferromagnetic material positioned and attached generally flush with the surface(s) of the moveable object adjacent to the track so as to move with the moveable object generally parallel to the surface of the track. The moveable object may also have wheels and axles but they are not required. The moveable object may also be shaped like a human, racehorse, motorcycle, skateboard, boat, airplane, board game pieces, or any other object or animal as desired. The moveable object may also contain electric coils to induce power from the track to power devices in the car such as lights or even motors.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternate forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of examples in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that they are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms described, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved and low-cost miniature action toy.
Another related object is to provide such an improved toy that overcomes the limitations and shortcomings of existing similar toys.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
In accordance with the present invention, the foregoing objectives are realized by providing a system comprised of an electrical power supply, control system, track, and moveable object(s) such as a racecar or train.
The electrical power supply may be either batteries or a modular power supply plugged into house power or even automobile power such as from a cigarette lighter socket.
The control system is preferably microcomputer based with an operator interface containing a potentiometer for speed/motion control by the operator. The microcomputer primarily functions as a variable frequency multi-phase oscillator to provide control signal outputs to the switching amplifier circuitry, such as H-Bridges. The amplifiers in-turn supply power from a current regulator to the track. The microcomputer varies the output frequency based on the operator's positioning of the trigger attached to the potentiometer in the operator interface. Other functions of the microcomputer will be detailed later.
The track is preferably a printed circuit board (PC board or PCB), also known as a printed wiring board (PWB), with its conductive traces configured such that they can be sequentially powered. The control system passes electrical current through the printed circuit traces, typically in a repetitive sequential order that causes the magnet, and thus the attached moveable object, to be propelled along the track due to the Lorentz force generated by the electromagnetic field acting on the conductor (printed circuit traces) and the magnet. The printed circuit track may be composed of a typical copper-clad non-conductive substrate and be single-sided, double-sided, or multi-layer and may be produced by the typical chemical etching processes. Alternately, the conductive layers may be die-cut and assembled between non-conductive substrate layers, or the traces may be printed on a non-conductive substrate with conductive ink and then assembled in layers. Ground plane layers may be added above and below the trace layers to reduce emissions. Alternately, the conductors may be wires affixed to a track in patterns to give the same effect as the printed circuit. More than one lane may be on a single track to accommodate more than one moveable object. Each lane would have its own operator interface although portions of the controller and power supply may be shared. Since the magnet of the moveable object always attempts to cross the printed circuit traces at a 90-degree angle the moveable object tries to follow the track even around corners however, inertia will push it out of its lane in the corners if it is going very fast so guardrails may be used for each lane to allow higher speeds. Electrical current carrying printed circuit traces may also be used as Lorentz force “guard rail” barriers on either or both sides of each lane along the track. As the moveable object approaches this trace, it will be repelled and pushed back toward the center of the lane. The printed circuit track may be flexible or rigid. Flexible printed circuit boards allow the racecar to bank, pass over other parts of the track (as for a figure eight), or even race around a vertical loop. The track may also have jump ramps, moguls, or even “half pipes” as in skate parks. The track may be a single printed circuit board or be numerous pieces of various shapes to allow configuration by the operator. Areas of a single board track, or individual or groups of track pieces, may be electrically bypassed, when the moveable object is not present there, in order to reduce overall power consumption and emissions. The printed circuit track is economical to produce and requires modest tooling.
The moveable object such as a racecar is either an electromagnet, permanent magnet, or permanent magnet array, or has at least one electromagnet, permanent magnet, or ferromagnetic material positioned and attached generally flush with the surface(s) of the moveable object adjacent to the track so as to move with the moveable object generally parallel to the surface of the track. The moveable object may also have wheels and axles but they are not required. The moveable object may also be shaped like a human, racehorse, motorcycle, skateboard, boat, airplane, board game pieces, or any other object or animal as desired. The moveable object may also contain electric coils to induce power from the track to power devices in the car such as lights or even motors.
Turning now to the drawings,
In
In
Although not utilized in this embodiment, it should be noted that if the direction of the current i shown in
Now if we imagine a much longer track with many more trace segments, and the current is then applied to these segments one at a time sequentially, the magnet will continue to move along the track. As the current is moved from one trace segment to the next at a faster and faster pace, the motion of the magnet will smooth out because the attractive force of the subsequent trace segment will occur before the magnet comes to a complete stop at the end of its traversing movement over the previous trace segment.
The above descriptions and
Referring to
The power supply 190 (such as a Cincon Electronics Co., Ltd part number TR70A2402A03, available from Mouser Electronics, Incorporated, 1000 North Main Street, Mansfield, Tex. 76063), shown in
For the following explanation a forward direction is assumed which means the F switch 184 of
The operator has now decided to move the magnet 2 of
The delay timer of block 28 in
Now as seen in
Referring now to
Referring now to
The magnet will continue along the track if a new cycle occurs beginning at a new time t5 (not shown) that is electrically identical to time t1 of
It should be noted, as best seen in
It should also be noted that the reverse direction of the magnet 2 is achieved when the operator selects the R switch 185 of
Referring again to
While particular embodiments and applications of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise construction and compositions disclosed herein and that various modifications, changes, and variations may be apparent from the foregoing descriptions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method of propelling a moveable toy object containing a permanent magnet along a track having a series of electrical conductors spaced along a desired path for said moveable object to be propelled along said track, said conductors extending transversely across said desired path, said method comprising
- supplying electrical current to said multiple conductors to produce electromagnetic fields that extend above said track to interact with said permanent magnet in said moveable object,
- controllably adjusting the supply of electrical current to said conductors so that said electromagnetic fields change sequentially along said track to propel said permanent magnet, and thus said moveable object, along said desired path when said moveable object is placed on the surface of said track.
2. The method of claim 1 in which said electrical current supplied to each of said conductors is an alternating current that is out of phase with said electrical current supplied to the next successive conductor.
3. The method of claim 1 in which said electrical current supplied to each of said conductors is an alternating current with a variable frequency to permit the speed of said toy object to be varied by varying said frequency.
4. The toy of claim 1 in which the movable object does not require brushes or pick-up shoes.
5. A method of propelling a moveable toy containing a permanent magnet along a track having multiple electrical conductors, each with segments formed by electrically conductive traces of a printed circuit board and alternately extending transversely across a desired path for a moveable object along said track, said method comprising
- supplying multiple phases of alternating current to said multiple conductors so that said conductor segments alternately extending transversely across said desired path sequentially produce alternating polarity electromagnetic fields extending above the surface of said track, along said desired path, and
- placing said moveable toy in proximity to the surface of said track so that said permanent magnet in said toy interacts with said alternating polarity electromagnetic fields to move said toy along said desired path by magnetic attraction and repulsion.
6. The method of claim 5 in which said toy includes an electrically conductive coil that interacts with said electromagnetic fields to induce an electrical current in said coil for powering electrical components on said moveable object.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein each of said conductor segments comprises multiple adjacent conductive traces of said printed circuit board to collectively produce a common electromagnetic field around said multiple conductive traces.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein said moveable object contains multiple magnetic elements.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said multiple magnetic elements comprise a Halbach array.
10. The method of claim 5 wherein said electrical current is reversibly supplied to said conductors in an alternative sequence so that said toy can be moved along said path in either direction.
11. The method of claim 5 wherein at least portions of said track include conductive guardrails extending along the sides of said path, and supplying electrical power to said guardrails to produce electromagnetic fields around said guardrails to repel said toy from said guardrails.
12. The method of claim 5 in which said electrical current supplied to each of said conductors is an alternating current that is out of phase with said electrical current supplied to the next successive conductor.
13. The method of claim 5 in which said electrical current supplied to each of said conductors is an alternating current with a variable frequency to permit the speed of said toy object to be varied by varying said frequency.
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 10, 2011
Publication Date: Dec 1, 2011
Inventor: William M. Todd (Tullahoma, TN)
Application Number: 13/206,567
International Classification: A63H 33/26 (20060101);