REINFORCED MASONRY PANEL STRUCTURES
A mounting arrangement 10e is provided for a cleat 30a or other body for receiving the ends of elongate reinforcements (e.g. rebars 40a, 40b) in a bond beam in a masonry panel 66. The mounting arrangement 10e secures the cleat to a further reinforcement (e.g. rebar 38a) and surrounding cementitious material in a hollow masonry block encased, reinforced cementitious material column 64. An expansion joint 70 may be provided between the column 64 and the panel 66. Connections between the head and foot of the column and pre-existing load bearing structures are also described.
Latest Wembley Innovation Ltd. Patents:
Current techniques for constructing larger buildings usually involve the use of a load bearing frame of steel or reinforced concrete, with attached cladding and/or masonry infills. In the case of masonry walls in such structures and elsewhere, it is necessary to provide additional strengthening where the area of the wall increases beyond certain limits. The strengthening is required to support the weight of the wall; to resist environmental loading such as wind forces, differences in air pressure and earthquakes; as well as to withstand other dynamic service loads such as crowd pressure, vehicle impact or explosions. The required strength for a given structure is governed not only by the laws of physics but also by local building regulations. In some cases it may also be necessary to divide the masonry infill wall into a number of smaller panels or sections separated by expansion joints so as to relieve such loads in the masonry, and/or to avoid excessive movement of the masonry in response to temperature variations, or cracking of the mortar or other jointing material e.g. due to differential shrinkage when drying or curing.
Traditionally where additional strength is needed, walls have been supported by cross walls, piers and areas of wall thickening. More recently the standard windpost has been developed, which occurs in most building walls (particularly interior walls), if their length exceeds 4 m. The purpose of the post is to stiffen or strengthen the walling, in circumstances of particular lateral stress from wind induced pressure differences, crowd or any other force. A wind post generally consists of a steel column secured at its top and base to the building frame or another suitable load-bearing structure. This form of construction, while effective, brings with it the following disadvantages:
1. An expansion joint is required on either side of the wind post, where it interfaces with the adjacent masonry. Filler material is inserted between post and block faces.
2. Frame ties typically at 225 mm centres must be provided between the masonry and the post on both sides.
3. Mastic will often be a specification requirement.
4. A steel post will require fire protection.
5. There may also be acoustic concerns.
7. The post typically requires four bolt fixings, two at the base and two at the soffit.
8. The post must be erected before the walling and so isolated access (e.g. scaffolding) is required for safe work practice particularly at height.
Our invention seeks to replace the windpost and also achieve many other positive characteristics in strengthening panels of bonded masonry such as masonry walls, both load bearing and non load bearing; and optionally easing the provision of expansion joints.
Our published patent specification WO2008/015407 discloses a method of constructing a masonry infill in a load bearing structure. The method involves laying one or more courses of masonry in an infill space in the structure and partitioning off a casting space having as its base the then uppermost course of masonry. The casting space extends from one side of the infill space to the other. Reinforcing material is then positioned in the casting space and an end of the reinforcing material is secured to the load bearing structure. The casting space is then filled with concrete and one or more further courses of masonry are laid on top of the filled casting space. The reinforced concrete forms a bond beam which strengthens the masonry. The reinforcing material may be rebar, secured to a load-bearing frame of the building by a body for reception of the rebar ends. The body allows longitudinal sliding movement of the rebar relative to the frame, but restrains relative lateral movement of the rebar. The resulting structure forms a cost effective alternative to a wind post reinforced masonry infill, produced using components that are easier to handle, and easier to install in confined spaces, as well as having other advantages.
Our published patent specification WO2009/098446 relates to a masonry infill in a load bearing structure which comprises hollow masonry units arranged to define a cavity extending through adjacent courses thereof, the cavity being filled with reinforced cementitious material e.g. reinforced concrete, a lower end of the reinforcement being secured to a load bearing support; a body being secured to the load bearing structure and receiving an upper end of the reinforcement so as to permit longitudinal sliding movement of the reinforcement upper end in the body, whilst constraining movement of the reinforcement in a direction transversely of the infill. The lower end of the reinforcement may be built into the support, or slidably received in a further body. Alternatively one or both ends of the reinforcement may terminate in a bond beam. Brackets may be embedded in the cementitious material in the cavity to transfer shear forces between the adjacent blockwork and the cementatious material. WO2009/098446 therefore discloses methods for providing generally vertically extending reinforced concrete structures in blockwork, e.g. as an alternative to or as a replacement for windposts, or as a reinforcement at the vertical edges of apertures in the blockwork, e.g. at the edges of window or door openings or service penetrations, or indeed at any other point in the blockwork as required.
Our published patent specification WO2009/147427 concerns a masonry wall reinforcing bracket comprising an elongate inter-course stress transfer member which comprises a rebar cradling feature. The stress transfer member may comprise a flat strip locatable within a perpend in a masonry wall. The bracket may further comprise a supporting member that protrudes perpendicularly from the length of the stress transfer member so as to be locatable within a bed joint of the masonry wall 10. The supporting member 28 may be a stabilising foot, so that the bracket is generally L-shaped. In this configuration the stabilising foot forms the shorter bottom limb of the L and the rebar cradling feature is a slot formed part-way along the stress transfer member, i.e. the longer vertical limb of the L. The slot has an open mouth at a side edge of the flat strip. The rebars and brackets are used in a bond beam system incorporated within the masonry wall. The brackets disclosed in WO2009/098446 may also be of this form. WO2009/147427 further describes connections between the end of a reinforced concrete column and the top or bottom side of a bond beam, and similar connections between the end of a vertical steel post and the top or bottom side of a bond beam.
The various components described in the foregoing patent specifications may be used in a wide variety of combinations and configurations so as to be capable of providing a similarly wide variety of reinforced masonry infills for pre-existing load bearing structures such as the load bearing frame of a large building. Where the pre-existing load bearing structure is made from steel columns and girders the body for reception of the rebar ends may be simply bolted to the load bearing structure. Where the pre-existing load bearing structure is of reinforced concrete, the body can be secured to it by expansion bolts, wall plugs and threaded fasteners, studs anchored in holes in the structure by epoxy resin, or any other suitable fastening technique.
Although not previously considered for this purpose, such a body for reception of rebar ends could be used to terminate a bond beam within masonry (e.g. blockwork) at the side of a reinforced concrete column, slab or other volume of reinforced concrete also encased within the masonry (e.g. a column formed in accordance with WO2009/098446). Moreover an expansion joint could be provided between the masonry encased column or the like and an adjacent panel of masonry (e.g. blockwork) containing the bond beam, e.g. to accommodate thermal movement of the panel and mitigate cracking due to mortar shrinkage on curing. Expansion joints may also be useful in accommodating other deflections of the building under load, e.g. building settlement, and deflections arising under the above described environmental and service loads. However, improvements in, or additional options for, fixing the body to the masonry shell around the reinforced concrete column or the like are desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention therefore provides a body securable adjacent an exterior surface of a masonry skin or shell, the body being adapted to receive the end of an elongate reinforcement for reinforcing a cementitious material, and a mounting arrangement adjustably securable to the body and engageable with a further elongate reinforcement positioned for reinforcing cementitious material behind the masonry skin or shell therein, so that the body is secured to the further elongate reinforcement. As the body is not only mounted to the masonry skin or shell but is also engages (e.g. is directly secured to) the further elongate reinforcement and cementitious material behind the masonry skin or shell, this reinforced cementitious material as well as the masonry can act to resist the lateral loads from the end of the elongate reinforcement received in the body. Preferably the body is adapted to receive the end of the elongate reinforcement so that when encased in the cementatious material longitudinal movement of the elongate reinforcement relative to the body is allowed but transverse movement of the elongate reinforcement relative to the body is restrained.
The mounting arrangement may comprise a hook or eye by which it is securable to the further elongate reinforcement. Alternatively the mounting arrangement may comprise a strip or plate having a slot in which the further elongate reinforcement is received for securing the mounting arrangement to it. Preferably however the mounting arrangement comprises a sleeve through which the further elongate reinforcement passes for securing the mounting arrangement to it.
More than one such body may share a single such mounting arrangement. The mounting arrangement (whether for one or more bodies) may be securable to more than one such further elongate reinforcement positioned behind the masonry skin or shell.
The mounting arrangement may comprise a threaded fastening by which it is secured to the body. This may allow adjustment of the distance between the body and the further elongate reinforcement, so that the body can be held closely adjacent to the exterior surface of the masonry skin or shell when secured to the further elongate reinforcement. The threaded fastening may comprise a bolt received in a threaded hole. Preferably however the threaded fastening comprises a threaded bar or stud received in a threaded hole or nut provided on a sleeve through which the further elongate reinforcement passes for securing the mounting arrangement to it. One end of the threaded bar or stud passes into the interior of the sleeve so as to be clampable against the further elongate reinforcement. The other end of the threaded bar or stud carries a nut for securing it to the body.
The body may comprise a cleat having a mounting flange with a hole through which the threaded fastening passes. Two or more such holes may be provided. The cleat may further comprise one or more sockets for slidable reception of the elongate reinforcement ends. Alternatively, the cleat may comprise one or more spigots each for reception within a socket secured (e.g. welded) to the end of the elongate reinforcement. The head and/or foot of a column, panel or other volume of cementatious material containing the further elongate reinforcement(s) may be secured to adjacent load bearing structures (e.g. a foundation and soffit, beams or floor slabs) by similar spigoted cleats arranged to cooperate with socket(s) secured to the ends of the further elongate reinforcement(s). Additionally or lternatively some or all of the ends of the further elongate reinforcements may be received in sockets provided on one or more of the corresponding cleats.
The invention therefore may be used to provide a masonry clad volume of reinforced cementitious material, a panel of masonry and an expansion joint between the masonry clad reinforced cementitious material volume and the masonry panel, in which the masonry panel contains a bond beam and in which an elongate reinforcement in the bond beam has an end coupled to a further elongate reinforcement in the volume of cementitious material by a body and mounting arrangement as described above.
The invention and various preferred features and advantages of it are further described below with reference to illustrative embodiments shown in the drawings, in which:
As a preferred option, the body may take the form of a cleat such as 30a shown in
Two (as shown) or more such holes 34 may be provided, each receiving a respective mounting arrangement 10a in a respective hole through the masonry skin or shell, with the hooked ends 12a engaging the same or a different internal (i.e. further) elongate reinforcement. The holes 34 are elongated, so as to permit adjustment of the cleat position longitudinally of its base plate. This adjustment may accommodate thermal movement of the masonry panel in the vertical direction. For this purpose, the securing nuts may be left fairly loose, e.g. finger tight, and locked by backing nuts also received on the protruding tip of the shank 14.
The mounting arrangement 10b of
As shown in
The mounting arrangement 10e shown in
The encasing masonry and the surrounding concrete or other cementitious material provides the internal metal reinforcements (e.g. rebars, cleats, cleat mounting arrangements, stress transfer brackets) with adequate corrosion and fire protection in many instances. The airtightness, thermal and acoustic performance of the column 64, expansion joint 70 and adjacent reinforced masonry panel 66 is similar to that of a plain panel of solid masonry blocks. The masonry of the panel 66 above and below the bond beam can comprise lightweight blocks e.g. of foamed cconcrete where these will provide adequate strength, thereby reducing the weight on the load bearing structure and increasing the thermal performance of the building. All of the components used to form the reinforced masonry infills resulting from the present invention, as shown for example in
The mounting arrangement 10f shown in
Additionally or alternatively, the nuts 20c at right angles to the connecting rebars 74 can receive cleat mounting studs 18b, so as to link further bond beam containing masonry panels to the column 64 at right angles to the panel 66 of
The column shown in
The adjacent masonry panel (such as 66 in
The spigoted cleat 30b and the socketed cleat 30a described above may be substituted one for the other, for co-operation with socketed or plain rebar (or other elongate reinforcement) ends as appropriate.
It is also possible to omit the expansion joints 70 from the structures shown in
Claims
1. A body securable adjacent an exterior surface of a masonry skin or shell, the body being adapted to receive the end of an elongate reinforcement for reinforcing a cementitious material, and
- a mounting arrangement adjustably securable to the body and engageable with a further elongate reinforcement positioned for reinforcing cementitious material behind the masonry skin or shell, so that the body is secured to the further elongate reinforcement.
2. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in claim 1, in which the body is adapted to receive the end of the elongate reinforcement so that when encased in the cementatious material longitudinal movement of the elongate reinforcement relative to the body is allowed but transverse movement of the elongate reinforcement relative to the body is restrained.
3. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in claim 1 or 2, in which the mounting arrangement comprises a hook or eye by which it is securable to the further elongate reinforcement.
4. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in claim 1 or 2, in which the mounting arrangement comprises a strip or plate having a slot in which the further elongate reinforcement is received for securing the mounting arrangement to it.
5. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in claim 1 or 2, in which the mounting arrangement comprises a sleeve through which the further elongate reinforcement passes for securing the mounting arrangement to it.
6. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in any preceding claim, comprising more than one such body which share a single such mounting arrangement.
7. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in any preceding claim, in which the mounting arrangement is securable to more than one such further elongate reinforcement positioned behind the masonry skin or shell.
8. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in any preceding claim, in which the mounting arrangement comprises a threaded fastening by which it is secured to the body.
9. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in claim 8 in which the threaded fastening comprises a threaded bar or stud received in a threaded hole or nut provided on a sleeve through which the further elongate reinforcement passes for securing the mounting arrangement to it.
10. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in claim 8 or 9 in which the body comprises a cleat having a mounting flange with a hole through which the threaded fastening passes.
11. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in claim 10 in which the cleat comprises one or more sockets for slidable reception of the elongate reinforcement end.
12. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in claim 10 in which the cleat may comprise one or more spigots each for reception within a socket secured to the end of the elongate reinforcement.
13. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in any preceding claim, in which the further elongate reinforcement(is secured to an adjacent load bearing structure by a cleat arranged to cooperate with an end of the further elongate reinforcement(s).
14. A body and mounting arrangement as defined in any preceding claim, further comprising a hollow masonry unit which forms at least a part of the skin or shell and within which the cementitious material and further elongate reinforcement are received.
15. A masonry clad volume of reinforced cementitious material, a panel of masonry and an expansion joint between the masonry clad reinforced cementitious material volume and the masonry panel, in which the masonry panel contains a bond beam and in which an elongate reinforcement in the bond beam has an end coupled to a further elongate reinforcement in the volume of cementitious material by a body and mounting arrangement as defined in any of claims 1-12.
16. A masonry clad reinforced cementitious material volume, panel of masonry and expansion joint as defined in claim 15, in which the volume of cementitous material comprises a column or panel whose head and/or foot is/are secured to an adjacent load bearing structure by a cleat arranged to cooperate with an end of the further elongate reinforcement.
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 11, 2011
Publication Date: Dec 19, 2013
Applicant: Wembley Innovation Ltd. (London)
Inventors: Liam Clear (London), Hamish Corbett (London)
Application Number: 13/884,946
International Classification: E04B 2/48 (20060101);